Term
| functions of urinary system |
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Definition
1) regulates contents of blood
2) regulates blood pressure
3) regulates production of RBCs
4) converts calcidiol into calcitriol |
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Term
| cortical nephrons (description) |
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Definition
| bulk of nephron resides in cortex (small portion decends into medulla) |
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Term
| function of cortical neprhons |
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Definition
| responsible for most regulatory functions (due to relationship between renal tubule and peritubular capillary) |
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Term
| juxtamedullary nephron (description) |
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Definition
| descends deep within medulla |
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Term
| function of juxtamedullary nephron |
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Definition
| responsible for regulating osmolality of blood (due to countercurrent exchanger) |
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Term
| 3 processes for filtration of blood |
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Definition
1) glomerular filtration
2) tubular reabsorption
3) tubular secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| filtration of plasma from glomerulus to Bowman's capsule |
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Term
| fluid produced through filtration of plasma from glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large substances: RBCs, WBCs, platelets, protein, lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to the nephron that causes large molecules to be filtered |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| selective movement of filtrate from renal tubule to interstitial fluid to blood (peritubular capillaries) |
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Term
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Definition
| selective movement of substances from blood to interstitial fluid to renal tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac output that passes through the kidneys per minute |
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Term
| renal blood flow rate is the product of |
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Definition
| renal fraction and cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of blood that flows to the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of plasma flowing through the kidney per minute |
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Term
| renal plasma flow rate is the product of |
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Definition
| renal blood flow rate and portion of the blood made of plasma |
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Term
| portion of blood made of plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| portion of blood made of plasma can be calculated by |
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Definition
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Term
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Definition
| part of plasma filtered by glomerulus per minute that becomes filtrate (filtration fraction) |
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Term
| glomerular filtration rate is the product of |
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Definition
| renal plasma flow and filtration fraction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| glomerular filtration rate is high because |
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Definition
glomerulus is
1) under high hydrostatic pressure
2) highly coiled
3) highly permeable |
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Term
| percentage of filtrate that is reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs |
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Definition
| Na, Cl HCO3, PO4, Ca, Mg, amino acids, glucose, water |
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Term
| descending limb of loop of Henle [reabsorption] |
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Definition
| highly permeable to water |
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Term
| ascending limb of loop of Henle [reabsorption] |
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Definition
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Term
| thick ascending limb of loop of Henle [reabsorption] |
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Definition
| Na, Cl, HCO3, Ca, Mg; impermeable to water |
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Term
| distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs |
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Definition
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Term
| collecting duct reabsorbs |
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Definition
| Na, Cl, HCO3, K, urea, Ca, water |
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Term
| where is organic anion transport located? |
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Definition
| at proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubule secretes |
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Definition
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Term
| distal convoluted tubule secretes |
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Definition
| H+, K+, ammonia (majority of NH3 secretion) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| function of organic anion transport |
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Definition
| cotransports organic acids with Na (uric acid, bile salts, antibiotics, creatinine, drugs) |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of plasma completely cleared out of a substance by the kidney per unit time (in mL/min) |
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Term
| for clearance to estimate GFR, a substance is needed that is |
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Definition
1) freely filtered
2) not reabsorbed
3) not secreted
*insulin meets these criteria |
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Term
| for clearance to estimate renal plasma flow, a substance is needed that is |
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Definition
1) freely filtered
2) not reabsorbed
3) completely secreted
*PAH comes close to meeting criteria |
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Term
| para-aminohippurate (PAH) |
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Definition
| substance produced by metabolism of aromatic amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| substance is completely filtered and not reabsorbed and not secreted |
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Term
| if clearance is less than GFR |
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Definition
| net is reabsorption of a substance |
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Term
| if clearance is greater than GFR |
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Definition
| net secretion of substance |
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Term
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Definition
| substance has been fully reabsorbed and not secreted/substance has not been filtered and not been secreted |
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Term
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Definition
| substance is completely filtered and secreted and not reabsorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that cause excretion of water |
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Term
| where do loop diuretics (Lasix)work? |
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Definition
| work in ascending limbs of Loop of Henle |
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Term
| function of loop diuretics |
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Definition
| inhibit reabsorption of NA, Cl, and K |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| work mainly in distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| function of Thiazides (Metolazone) |
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Definition
| inhibits reabsorption of Na, Cl, and K |
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Term
| where do aldosterone antagonists work? |
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Definition
| work mainly in distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| function of aldosterone antagonists (Inspra) |
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Definition
| inhibits aldosterone which causes inhibition of secretion of K |
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Term
| how much urine is excreted per day? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
96% water
2.5% nitrogenous wastes
1.5% salts and traces of other substances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| between 100 and 1,200 mOsM (typically between 300 and 900 mOsM) |
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Term
| specific gravity of urine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| passage of urine from the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| urine is produced but not voided |
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Term
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Definition
| urine is not produced by kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
1) urinary retention
2) urinary suppression |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased urine output (renal disease or dehydration) |
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Term
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Definition
| excess urine output (over-hydration, Diabetes insipidus, Diabetes mellitus) |
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Term
| urine of Diabetes insipidus |
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Definition
| dilute due to excess water secretion |
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Term
| urine of Diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| concentrated urine due to excess glucose in urine |
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Term
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Definition
| urine expelled painfully (venereal disease, obstruction, urinary tract/bladder infection) |
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