Term
| functions of respiratory system |
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Definition
1) gas exchange
2) acid/base balance
3) production of angiotensin II
4) voice production |
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Term
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Definition
| normal quiet breathing at rest (12 to 20 breaths per minute) |
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Term
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Definition
| increased respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute |
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Term
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Definition
| increased ventilation that meets metabolic needs (e.g. exercise) |
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Term
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Definition
| increased ventilation that exceeds metabolic needs (e.g. anxiety) |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased respiratory rate less than 12 breaths/minute |
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Term
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Definition
| overly slow ventilation; decreased respiratory rate and/or shallow breaths |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| respiratory system consists of |
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Definition
1) airways
2) lungs
3) thorax
4) respiratory muscles |
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Term
| conducting zone consists of |
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Definition
| nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| what is lined with smooth muscle in conducting zone |
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Definition
| trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| functions of conducting zone |
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Definition
1) controls volume of air into and out of respiratory tract
2) warms and humidifies inhaled air
3) filters and protects the respiratory tract from particulates |
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Term
| volume of air in conducting zone is controlled by |
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Definition
| airway smooth muscle tone |
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Term
| airway smooth muscle tone consists of |
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Definition
1) beta-2 adrenergic receptors
2) acetylcholine receptors |
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Term
| function of beta-2 adrenergic receptors |
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Definition
| relax smooth muscle (bronchodilation) |
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Term
| function of acetylcholine receptors |
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Definition
| contract smooth muscle (bronchoconstriction) |
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Term
| warming and humidifying of air is performed by |
|
Definition
| blood vessels in mucous membrane |
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Term
| respiratory zone consists of |
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs |
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Term
| function of respiratory zone |
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Definition
| sole site of gas exchange |
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Term
| volume of exchange in respiratory zone |
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Definition
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Term
| gas exchange occurs specifically in |
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Definition
| alveoli (present solely in respiratory zone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| area of lung where there is no gas exchange |
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Term
|
Definition
| volume within conducting zone |
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Term
| average anatomical dead space |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| nonfunctional alveoli due to lack of blood supply/damage to alveoli |
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Term
|
Definition
| combination of anatomical and alveolar dead spaces |
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Term
| what is contained in the interstitium of lungs |
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Definition
| elastin fibers contained in the interstitium |
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Term
| function of elastin fibers |
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Definition
| allows lungs to stretch and expand; causes lung to recoil |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lines throacic cavity and is attached to diaphragm |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid filled potential space between pleural layers |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the ease with which a structure expands |
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Term
| lung compliance is due to |
|
Definition
| elastic fibers of the lungs and pulmonary surfactant |
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Term
| normal value of compliance for lungs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| too high of a compliance value indicates |
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Definition
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|
Term
| too low of a compliance value indicates |
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Definition
| lung has become too stiff |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of lung volumes and capacities with the use of a spirometer |
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Term
|
Definition
1) tidal volume
2) inspiratory reserve volume
3) expiratory reserve volume
4) residual volume |
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Term
|
Definition
| 500 mL; volume of air inspired/expired during normal, quiet breathing |
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Term
| inspiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| ~3000 to 3300 mL; volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal inspiration |
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Term
| expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| ~1000 to 1200 mL; volume of air that can be expired at the end of a normal expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| ~1200 mL; volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration |
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Term
| lung volume that cannot be measured with a spirometer |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| volume of air in lungs after maximal inspiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| volume of air expired from lungs after maximal inspiration |
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Term
| functional residual capacity |
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Definition
| volume of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration |
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Term
|
Definition
1) total lung capacity
2) vital capacity
3) functional residual capacity
4) inspiratory capacity |
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