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| Dense Bone (aka Cortical or Impact Bone) |
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Definition
| Forms main portion of the bone; heavier, denser; found on the very outside of the bone (not spongy inside); *preserves better than spongy |
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| Spongy Bone (aka Trabecular Bone) |
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Definition
| bony struts (trabeculae); found at ends of long bones, spine, ribs, pelvis, wrists, and ankles; where marrow is primarily found |
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| the shaft of the bone; (diaphyseal) |
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| ends/caps of bone; (epiphyseal) |
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| transitional bone; where growth plate is located |
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| basic microscopic structural unit of bone |
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| Standard Anatomical Position |
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| position in which two bones cross |
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| bones of the limbs; in close proximity to the "trunk" |
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| bones of the limbs; furthest away from the trunk |
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| bones of the limbs; towards the mid-line |
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| bones of the limbs; going away from mid-line (side-to-side) |
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| bones of the trunk (spine, ribs); top (supra) |
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| bones of the trunk (spine, ribs); bottom (infra) |
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| four-legged skull; behind skull |
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| cheek bones; coming out from the eyes and extending underneath of eye |
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| has a right and left half; coming out from the nose, extending down to teeth |
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| the nose, starting in between eyes |
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| skull bone; upper portions (right and left parts) |
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| skull; near the ear/lower jaw |
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| skull bone; back of the skull; forms the base |
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| skull bone; front of the skull (forehead) |
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| joints between the skull bones |
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| separates parietal and occipital bones; lambdoidal |
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| separates parietal and frontal bones |
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| separates frontal bone into right and left halves; most people do not have it |
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| upper margin of eye orbit |
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| behind ear hole; (sex determination) |
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| External Occipital Protuberance |
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| behind head; middle bottom |
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| on the forehead; mostly seen in females (used for sex determination) |
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Term
| Nuchal Lines on Occipital |
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Definition
| "neck lines"; attatchment points for neck muscles (back of head) |
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| hole in the base of the skull where spinal cord attatches; (used to identify if it is human or not); foramen- "hole" |
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| two little holes in the mandible below teeth on either side; houses many nerves (the place where dentists try to numb when working on teeth) |
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| bone in the mandible going up into the cranium |
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| corner of jaw; major attatchment point for chewing muscles |
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| only bone not attatched to any other bone; located in the back of throat; often fractured during strangulation or hangings; "u" shaped |
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| bone in the middle of the chest; separated into three parts |
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| top portion of the sternum |
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| main portion; middle part of the sternum |
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| end part of the sternum; usually cartilage |
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| the spine; 24 moveable individual vertebrae; 7 cervical (neck); 5 lumbar (lower back) |
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| C1 ("Atlas"): allows you to nod your head; C2 ("Axis"): allows you to shake your head (aka dens {"toothlike"}; C3-C7 |
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| the spine; longer, skinnier spinous process; shaped like a "w"; contact facet for the ribs |
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| spine; bodies are bigger than thoracic; shaped like two "w"s; no rib facets; no transverse process |
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| spine; forming central portion of butt; 5 vertebrae that fuse together to form a singular bone; forms base of vertebral column |
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| tailbone; 3-5 fused vertebrae; often fused onto sacrum, not needed |
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| collarbone; useful for age determination |
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| Medial (Sternal) end of Clavicle |
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Definition
| meets at sternum; useful for age determination; more lateral than lateral end |
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| farther away from sternum; flattended |
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| shoulder blade; "cups" the back; "tear dropped" shaped hole where upper arm will attatch; projecting rib called "spine" |
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Term
| Vertebral/Medial Border of Scapula |
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Definition
| towards the middle of the back |
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| Axillary part of the Scapula |
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Definition
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| Acromion Process of the Scapula |
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Definition
| bony projection at the top point |
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| Glenoid Process of the Scapula |
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Definition
| where arm bone attatches to the scapula |
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| Coracoid Process of the Scapula |
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| #1-7; attatch directly to sternum |
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| #8-10; attatch to sternum via cartilage (attatched together; lower ribs) |
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| upper arm bone; home of the "Funny Bone"; top looks like half of a ball; front: two bony projections and a little groove, curved; back: flat, deep depression; buldge on the shaft indicating outside portion |
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| forearm bone; in line with thumb; lateral bone in forearm; head end: circular w/little depression in middle; midline: oval shaped ridge; shaft curved on one side, sharp crest on other (facing ulna); distal end: "hook" points toward thumbs, smooth knotch for ulna; front: flat; back: curved and bumpy |
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| other bone in forearm in line with pinky; proximal end: forms the elbow; hook at the end shaped like a "u" (pivot point); head of radius rests against ulna (smooth knotch); other side: not smooth; crest that faces towards the radius (more smooth, rounded); front: "u" |
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| palm bones; head end where they join phalanges: bigger, bulging; base end: wavy, not even |
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| finger bones; (phalanx, s.) |
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| hand: (manual) digits, cross section shaped like the top half of a circle; feet: (pedal) digits, cross section looks like an oval/circle, skinnier |
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| aka Innominate (more for nonhuman); divided into three bones, useful for age determination; sexing; os coxae (os coxa, s.) |
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| biggest portion of the pelvis; top, "blade" part |
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| bottom part of the pelvis; thicker |
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| next to the Ischium; more angles; anterior: concave (curved inwards); posterior: convex |
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| hip socket; can be used for sexing; faces the outside |
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| towards the lower back side, useful for sexing |
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| where the tail bone attatches to the hip; useful for age determination |
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| pelvis; groove before auricular surface; more likely to be strongly pronounced in females |
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| pelvis; between pubis and ischium; useful for sexing |
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| pelvis; face of bone at midline facing other pubis bone, useful for age determination |
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| largest bone in the body; bone in the top of the leg; useful for sexing, ancestry, and height |
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| head end of the femur; ball portion; dimple in the head end |
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| kneecap; largest sesamoid bone in the body (a bone that forms in a joint across a joint tendon); tear dropped shaped |
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| shinbone; media bone in the lower leg; main weight-bearing bone in the lower leg |
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| forms inner ankle; projection; distal end: useful for siding; back: mostly flat; ankle portion: skinnier; aging, sexing, height, and diseases |
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| lateral bone in the lower leg; not really weight-bearing; distal end: outer bump; whichever side the smooth surface, the groove, and the bony projection are on indicates the side from which that fibula came |
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| foot bones; 7; ankle and heel bones |
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| 5; forms the arch of the foot |
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| 14; toe bones; base is flatter than phalanges in the hand and angle down towards the pinky bone |
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| between tibia; in line with the big toe |
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| heel bone; you can hold it like a gun and, if it fits snuggly around your thumb, it indicates to which foot it belongs |
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