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Definition
| Interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth, tissue repair, replacement, or elaboration of products |
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| Any chemical element or compound that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes |
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| Water, dry matter: organic and inorganic |
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| Water, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals |
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| The smallest structural and function unit of life |
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| Found in plant cells; give plants shape and protect against pathogens, dehydration, and other environmental factors |
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| Contain chlorophyll and are essential for photosynthesis to occur |
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Process in which sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| Protein synthesis, processing proteins, organelle formation, and vesicle formation |
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| Lipid synthesis, processing molecules, detoxification, vesicle formation |
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| Produce ATP from organic molecules such as glucose |
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| Plants: require only inorganic elements to thrive and animals eat plants |
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| An animal that eats almost only plants; a rabbit |
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| An animal that eats almost only meat; a lion |
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| An animal that eats plants and meat; a pig |
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Definition
| Necessary for metabolism and temperature regulation |
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Definition
| Drinking, water contained in feed, metabolic water, and condensation |
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Definition
| Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding |
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Definition
| Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water |
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Definition
| Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water |
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| Water and its high heat of vaporization |
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Definition
| Helps keep the body cool via sweating |
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| Water and its high specific heat |
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Definition
| Contributes to keeping the body temperature constant by minimizing changes |
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Definition
| Substance that is being dissolved |
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Definition
| Substance that dissolves particles |
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| Water: most substances dissolve in it |
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| Also called the alimentary canal |
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| Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines |
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| Salivary glands, tongue, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder |
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| Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration; passive |
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Definition
| Biochemical reactions inside cells involving nutrients |
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| Types of metabolic reactions |
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Definition
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Definition
| synthesis of large molecules from small ones |
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| Hydrolysis of complex structures to simpler ones |
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| Major means of propulsion: alternating waves of contraction/relaxation |
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| Mixing of food with GI juices, making absorption more efficient |
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| Food pathway of ruminants |
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Definition
| Mouth to stomach back to mouth then to stomach again and finally intestines |
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Term
| Food pathway of non-ruminants |
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Definition
| Mouth to stomach and then to intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs mostly in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Both release digestive enzymes into the first part of the small intestines to aid digestion and absorption |
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Definition
| Allows for the breakdown of cellulose by herbivores |
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| Small intestine's surface area increasers |
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Definition
| Circular folds, villi, and microvilli |
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Term
| Herbivore vs. carnivore GI tract |
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Definition
| Herbivores have longer intestines and a larger cecum while carnivores don't because they don't have as much cellulose to digest |
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