Term
| What is Florida in terms of the beef industry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the first cattle introduced to the new world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the first cattle introduced to US? |
|
Definition
| 1513 in Florida by Ponce de Leon |
|
|
Term
| 1836 TX becomes independent and... |
|
Definition
| Mexicans leave behind cattle |
|
|
Term
| When were cattle drivers first established? |
|
Definition
| 1867-1887 by Joseph McCoy |
|
|
Term
| When was barbed wire first invented? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When were continental cattle breeds imported? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When were dwarf cows first established? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When and where did commercial cattle feeding first start? |
|
Definition
| 1951; Brookover Feedyard, Kansas |
|
|
Term
| When did boxed beef first come around? |
|
Definition
| 1967 by the Iowa Beef Processors |
|
|
Term
| Where were the first cattle ranchers in North America? |
|
Definition
St. Augustine (St. John's River) after Ponce de Leon led them here
1600s- Spanish
1700s- Seminole Indians
1800s- Civil War (supplied cattle to confederate army, after cattle to Cuba) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cattle rustling (cattle stealing)
Tick eradication (TX Fever tick)
Screw Worm (midwest to seminole indian cattle)
Open range until 1949 (fence law) |
|
|
Term
| Who has the largest cattle producer in FL? |
|
Definition
| Deseret Ranch (also largest beef producer in US) |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of beef does the US produce? |
|
Definition
produces 25%
consumes 26% (net import, beef comes from Australia) |
|
|
Term
| What is the age of the average cattle producer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of inventory does the cattle industry use? |
|
Definition
| Cyclic; method of keeping track of things by constantly taking counts, as opposed to once a year |
|
|
Term
| How much in sales does the cattle industry do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __% of ranches own __% of cattle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cattle industry is increasing or decreasing? |
|
Definition
| Increasing; trying to meet demand in face of drought) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
producer of breeding stock for purebred and commercial breeders
provide genetic base for industry
Product-purebred breeding stock
-primarily bulls
-some replacement heifers, semen, embryos |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main operations of a seedstock segment? |
|
Definition
Elite- superior genetics, provide semen to multiplier
Multiplier- provide bulls for commercial cattle industry |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the cow calf segment? |
|
Definition
| to produce young calves that the industry will purchase, grow out, and ultimately harvest |
|
|
Term
| What is the rank of major states of beef cows? |
|
Definition
1. TX 5 mill
2. OK 2 mill
3. MO 1.9 mill
12. FL 900,000 |
|
|
Term
| Commercial calves are product of cow calf segment. When are they weaned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most calves from FL go to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Production factors of importance for cow calf segment |
|
Definition
percent calf crop
weaning weight
dam performance (cow cost) |
|
|
Term
| How to calculate breakeven |
|
Definition
85% calf crop
500 pound average weaning weight
$600 annual cow cost
500 (0.85) = 425 lbs
$600/425 = $1.41/lb
Increase weaning weight, decrease cost, increase cow crop |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the stocker segment (aka backgrounding program)? |
|
Definition
| forage-based growth program that is seasonal |
|
|
Term
| Objective of stocker segment? |
|
Definition
increase frame size
minimize fattening
40-600 lbs --> 700-900 lbs
Primarily geographic areas: kansas, OK, TX |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the feedlot segment? |
|
Definition
| "finish" cattle using high energy rations |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main operations of a feedlot segment? |
|
Definition
commercial- large capacities, geographically-centered, feed 87% of cattle
Farmer-feeder- small capacity (<1000 head), midwest farmers, homegrown feedstuffs |
|
|
Term
| What states are the top 4 cattle feeding areas? |
|
Definition
1. TX 2.8 mill
2. NE 2.5 mill
3. KS 2.4 mill
4. IA 1.3 mill |
|
|
Term
| What is the product of the feedlot segment? What are the important production factors? |
|
Definition
"finished cattle" 1000-1400 lbs (14-20 mos)
inc. average daily gain (ADG)
dec. feed: gain
yield and quality grade |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the packer segment? |
|
Definition
| humanely convert live animals to safe and wholesome meat products "boxed beef" |
|
|
Term
| What is a target carcass? |
|
Definition
High yielding
USDA choice
600-900 lbs |
|
|
Term
| Who are the top 4 packers of cattle? |
|
Definition
Harvest 80-85% of cattle
1. Cargill Meat Solutions
2. Tyson
3. JBS Swift and Co
4. National Beef Packing Co |
|
|
Term
| What is vertical integration in terms of cattle? |
|
Definition
| Won't ever happen in beef industry b/c long biological production cycle, wide genetic base, multiple industry stages, geographically widespread, huge diversity in operation size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Angus
British breed: 50% cattle registration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Red Angus (recessive gene)
can't be certified as Angus beef because they aren't black hided |
|
|
Term
| Red + white cow (white face) |
|
Definition
Hereford (British breed)
polled or horned (producer preference) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red + white cow (no white face) |
|
Definition
| Shorthorn (british breed) |
|
|
Term
| Black and white cow (curly hair) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Charolais (continental breed)
Leaner, larger frame size than British cow
Continental- French breed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Limousin
utilized in commercial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Belgian blue
double muscle, calving difficulties |
|
|
Term
| reddish/white cow (can have black and white babies) |
|
Definition
Simmentals (originated in Switzerland)
used extensively in midwest, milk well, raise good sized calves |
|
|
Term
| light brown/red cow; large neck on males |
|
Definition
| Gelbvieh (continental breed) |
|
|
Term
| buckskin colored cow (comparable to brown swiss in dairy) |
|
Definition
| Braunvieh; good maternal characteristics (milking, calving) |
|
|
Term
| Black or brown and white cow |
|
Definition
Maine Anjou (continental breed)
gaining popularity for black hide and leannness |
|
|
Term
| Brown cows with black legs (horns) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White/ gray cow (strange ears) |
|
Definition
Brahman (american breed)
made by combining several breeds from India
adapted to hot, humid climate
resistant to external pests, good survival skills |
|
|
Term
| Brown cow (golden brown, sorrel) |
|
Definition
Beefmaster (american breed)
made up of continental and british breeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brangus
3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angues
Adapted to hot, humid climate, black hide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brown cows with white face |
|
Definition
Braford
3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford
Produced by Adams ranch in FL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Santa Gertrudis (american breed)
produced by King ranch in TX
5/8 shorthorn 3/8 Brahman
good maternal characteristics
one sire for majority of population |
|
|
Term
| white spotted with brown cows with horns |
|
Definition
Florida Cracker Cattle
originated from Spanish cattle
can survive in FL enviro
small size (800 lbs) |
|
|
Term
| Black/white cows and brown/white cows with horns |
|
Definition
Texas Longhorn
originated from TX longhorn |
|
|
Term
| typical black and white cow |
|
Definition
Holstein
started as beef cattle breed
milking holsteins came from Netherlands |
|
|
Term
| What is trend in beef breeds? |
|
Definition
BLACK
due to certified angus beef being consumer preference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Composed of 2+ breeds that combines desirable traits
Heterosis retention without crossbreeding (maintain as a purebred)
Genetic merit dependent on development of composite line
Slow adaptation rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Good monocular vision (each eye sees separately) nearly 360 degrees
Poor binocular vision, depth perception
Can see red, green, yellow
facility desing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can use to distinguish between other cattle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cupped ears
sensitive to loud, high-pitched noises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
animal's personal space
if handler moves into flight zone, cow will move away
decrease as animal is handled more
size is determines animal's approach-ability |
|
|
Term
| Point of balance of cattle |
|
Definition
located at animal's shoulder
if behind, animal will move forward
if in front, animal will move back
LUNGING |
|
|
Term
| Gregarious behavior of cattle |
|
Definition
herd instinct
follow the leader |
|
|
Term
| Ideal rectal temp of cattle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ideal temp of Bos taurus (Angus, hereford) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ideal temp of Bos indicus (Brahman) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the estrous cycle of cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is gestation for Bos taurus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is gestation for Bos indicus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is rumen pH for forage based? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is rumen pH for concentrate based? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saliva prodction of cattle? |
|
Definition
15-20 gallons/day
helps to buffer pH of rumen |
|
|
Term
| Water requirements for weaned calves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water requirements for mature cows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teeth permanent incisor (1-4 set) |
|
Definition
1st set erupt: 1.5 - 2 yrs
2nd: 2.5 years
3rd: 3- 3.5 yrs
4th: 4- 4.5 yrs |
|
|
Term
| Body Condition score of cattle |
|
Definition
range from 1-9
ideal 4-6
can fluctuate with health and nutrition |
|
|
Term
| Proper injection site for cattle |
|
Definition
Neck (IM), shoulder (sub-cutaneous), armpit (sub-cutaneous)
injection site knot |
|
|
Term
| Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) |
|
Definition
to educate producers on how to use pharmaceutical products and hygience
cattle processing and health products: follow label directions, withdrawal time before harvest
Processing map: keep records |
|
|
Term
| Who are world's top 3 sheep producers? |
|
Definition
China 144 mill
Australia 99 mill
India 62 mill |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the sheep industry's characteristics? |
|
Definition
Important in temp and tropical ag
provide meat and wool
especially important in developing countries
better adapted to arid tropics than cattle
60% of sheep in temperate zones
1.1 billion sheep in world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peak of 56 million head in 1942
2005- 7.8 mill head
Farm flocks in mid west and west; range flocks in other western states
Most sheep growers have small flocks
40% of western sheep producers have flocks >50 head |
|
|
Term
| US Sheep Industry Leading States |
|
Definition
TX 1.74 mill
CA 1.32 mill
Wyoming 0.84 |
|
|
Term
| Wool valuability properties |
|
Definition
water resistant
insulation, breathable
elastic- stretch to 30%
strong
felting properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Condition- % clean wool remaining after scouring, 45-65% shrink
2. Grade- US Blood System: % Merino (one of the world's most popular breeds of sheep; highest wool quality, fine diameter, lots of crimp)
Spinning Count System: #hanks made from spinning 1 lb of clean wool
3. Staple length (fiber length)- fine wool shorter than course wool
Uniformity, character, color, wastiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Shearing (professionals shear 300/day)
2. Tying the fleece- paper twine
3. Grading
4. Packaging- burlap sack holds 30 fleeces of 225-300 lbs
5. Storage- very long storage time as long as wool is kept dry
6. Marketing
7. Manufacturing "grease wool" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generally sold through "wool pools"
Do not market individually
Cooperative assistance: local, state
Private enterprises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sorting- grease wool bales blended
Scouring- grease (lanolin) and dirt removed
Drying- reduced to 15% moisture
Carding- combing and symmterically align fibers |
|
|
Term
| Clean wool processed via 1 of 2 methods |
|
Definition
Worsted Process: converts longer, finer fibers into worsted (apparel)
Woolen process- utilizes shorter, thicker fibers to produce woolen fabrics, flannels and tweeds |
|
|
Term
| What makes a fine wool breed? |
|
Definition
Fine (USDA Blood system- Merino) produce 22 microns and lower in diameter
64-80+ hanks
Merino, Rambouillet, Targhee, Southdown |
|
|
Term
| What makes a medium wool breed? |
|
Definition
1/4 to 1/2 blood
22-32 microns
48-62 hanks
Corriedale, Columbia, Romeldale, Dorset, Shropshire, Hampshire, Suffolk, Cheviot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
derived from Spanish Merino sheep
French and German ancestry
American line derived from German line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Developed in Sussex, England in late 1700 and early 1800s
Imported to Pennsylvania in 1920s
Small to med sized, grey face, polled suited from farm-flock production
Noted for early maturing, mothering ability, average milking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Developed in Australia and New Zealand
Distributed throughout world (most popular in S america)
Dual purpose breed adopted to range and farm flock situations
Crossbred with meat sires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiple births
weight per age
increased muscling
rapid growth and efficient feed conversion
freedom from unsoundness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long, muscular limbs (#1 breed)
valued by farmers and butchers
crossbred with Southdown to reduce temperament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heaviest wool producing of medium
Rams well muscled
Ewes- good mothering, milking
Gentile- good for farm flock of club projects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fleece is very white, strong, close and free from dark fiber
ewes good mothers, milkers, multiple births not uncommon
#1 white face breed world and #2 US
medium sized produces adequate carcass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
world's largest breed
heaviest fleeces produced (12-20 lbs)
staple length is longest (8-15 in)
produced well muscled carcasses
female repro problems due to over conditioning and inability to breed back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
true dual purpose breed adapted to face any type of enviro
highly desirable fleece sought by manufacturers and craftspeople
low grease and high yield
produce heavy muscled carcasses with desirable taste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breeds were developed by crossing long and fine wool breeds to improve carcass quality and length of wool fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| course, wiry, tough fleece with fiber length up to 13 inches ( to make carpets with) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provide seed stock to commercial lamb producer
have responsibility of providing progressive genetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produces market lambs if forage and grain is available for finishing lambs
produces feeder lambs for feedlots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
add additional weight and finish for marketing
usually requires 40-60 days of confinement feeding
Marketed at 80-140 lbs |
|
|
Term
| What type of breeders are sheep? |
|
Definition
Seasonal (fall and winter)
Some breeds have longer seasons than others
Fine wool and Dorset are non-seasonal and can get 3 lamb crops in 2 yrs |
|
|
Term
| How long is the estrous cycle in sheep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does estrus last in sheep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gestation period in sheep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
good milk production, longevity, wool production, and repro efficiency
White faced and fine-medium wool
Rambouillet, Corriedale, Targhee, Delanie Merino |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
meat type breeds
produced for crossing with female from ewe breeds
noted for fast growth and good carcass
Ex: Suffolk, hampshire, shropshire, southdown, cheviot |
|
|
Term
| Lambs can be ready for market at... |
|
Definition
weaning (100 days)
Requires excellent forage
use of rapidly growing ram
good milking ewe |
|
|
Term
| Lambs should be weaned and finished on |
|
Definition
high concentrate diets
forage quantity and/or quality is poor
lambs fed 40-80 days to proper weight and grade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ruminant animals
have multiple live births
flocking instinct
commerical harvest (easily bruised and difficult to remove fleece) |
|
|
Term
| Sheep industry is a _____ industry |
|
Definition
segmented
commercial sheep production- far west & TX
remaining production- purebred and or club lamb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high in short-chained saturated fatty acids
unique or offensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutton WWII C- rations (primary reason why sheep production crashed in US) |
|
|
Term
| Regional Production and Harvest Companies of sheep |
|
Definition
ConAgra
Iowa Lamb
Rancher's lamb |
|
|
Term
| Regional consumption of sheep |
|
Definition
primary markets on east and west coast
greater ethnic population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most spring born fed lambs marketed in fall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extremely susceptible to internal parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood sucker and results in extreme anemia and death if the
animal is not treated
- Treatment includes strategically drenching with anthelmintics
- Rotation of pastures helps break cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Damages liver and causes bleeding
- Snail is an intermediate host
- Treatment and keeping sheep away from snail producing
environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ATSE in sheep and goats (similar to BSE in cows)
- National eradication program in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sores around mouth and lips (virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
over-eating disease
caused by clostridia (can vaccinate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pregnancy disease
Occurs in late pregnancy/early lactation
- Often with ewes carrying triplets
- Dietary energy deficiency causing rapid catabolism of body
fat
- Feed high energy feeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infection
hoof trimming and foot bath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broilers 9 billion
Steers and Heifers 35 mill
barrows and gilts 100 mill
wethers and ewws 2.6 mill |
|
|
Term
| Categories of swine breeds |
|
Definition
Colored- paternal- muscle, growth traits, leanness
white- milk, litter size, mothering ability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DUROC
paternal breed
red
droopy ears |
|
|
Term
| Black and white pig with erect ears |
|
Definition
HAMPSHIRE
paternal breed
belted breed |
|
|
Term
| Black with 6 white markings and erect ear pig |
|
Definition
BERKSHIRE
paternal
Angus of pigs (marbled more) |
|
|
Term
| black and white pig with droopy ears |
|
Definition
POLAND CHINA
paternal
markings similar to berkshire
used by genetic companies |
|
|
Term
| black and white spotted with droopy ear pig |
|
Definition
SPOTS
paternal
produce high bred lines in males |
|
|
Term
| White pig with erect ears |
|
Definition
YORKSHIRE
maternal
most common breed |
|
|
Term
| White with large droopy ears pig |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White pig with small droopy ear (much smaller than Landrace) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Top 3 pig producing states in US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smithfield Food 876,000
Triumph Food 371,000
Seabord Farms 213,000 |
|
|
Term
| Geographic shift of pig production |
|
Definition
sow numbers declining in corn states
Numbers inc in NC and OK due to new systems
Some inc in #s as livestock moves west and SW |
|
|
Term
| Specialization of pig production |
|
Definition
allowed producers to specialize in one area of swine production
- pre 1970s- most farms farrow to finish
-most farmers raised corn and hogs
- post 1970s- multi-site prodction, off-site nurseries, off site grow-finish |
|
|
Term
| conventional farrow to finish |
|
Definition
all on one site
-breeding-gestation
-farrowing 3-4 wk
-nursery- to 50 lbs
-finishing to 270 lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 sites:
1. breeding-gestation and farrowing (2-3 wk)
2. Nursery- to 50 lbs
3. Finishing to 270 lbs |
|
|
Term
| Feeding programs of swine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Farrow-finish production system |
|
Definition
all stages of life cycle
declining
most pigmanship skills needed
24-26 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Farrow-wean production system |
|
Definition
breeding, gestation, farrowing, lactation
pigs are sold at weaning (10-12 lbs)
sent to off-site nursery
Sent to wean-finish operation
Wean at 17-18 days |
|
|
Term
| Wean-finish production system |
|
Definition
less pigmanship skills needed
22-24 wks
split-sex feed |
|
|
Term
| Farrow-feeder production system |
|
Definition
breeding, gestation, farrowing, lactation
nursery- producing 50-60 lb pigs, sold to finisher, nursery may be off site |
|
|
Term
| Feeder-finish production system |
|
Definition
least pigmanship skills needed
practice AIAO (all in, all out)
16-18 weeks
split sex feed |
|
|
Term
| Repro performance of sows |
|
Definition
2.2+ liters/ year
weaned litter size of 10 pigs
litter weight > 100 lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sow occurrence of ovultion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sow 1st estrus postpartum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammary soundness of sows |
|
Definition
| 12-14 evenly space, functional teats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sows- larger litters of heavier pigs
Gilts- provide opportunity for genetic change (within the sow herd, especially if selecting own replacement gilts)
Suggested replacement level 20-25% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contributes most of genes
-sow produces 20-25 pigs/year
-board produces 5,000 pigs/year
Major influence of carcass quality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
expected progeny difference
stages = swine testing and genetic eval system
-NBA (# born alive)
-LWT (21-d litter weight)
-MLI- maternal line index- combines growth and maternal instincts
-SPI- sow productivity index- combines NBA and LWT
-TSI- terminal sire index (combines D/250 and BF) |
|
|
Term
| Use of hybrid swine lines |
|
Definition
common practice for swine industry integrators
farm purchases all breeding stock
all offspring to market- terminal cross |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
expose sow to boar
vocalization, flirt with ears
respond to back pressure
greatly swollen vulva
Boar generates pheromones thru foaming of mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when sow stands for back pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
natural service
use used on organic farms
1 boar to 5-10 gemales
much less labor
uncertain of exact breeding dates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
natural service
obscene mating
labor intensive
safety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collected 2x/week
produce 250-300 mL semen
Ejaculate: pre-sperm, sperm-rich, gelatinous plug
Enough to inseminate 10-15 females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process of sow/gilt giving birth
Farrowing stalls or crates- protect babies from being crushes, provide for dual heat (babies like 85-95 F) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. CHina 51.1 million metric tons
2. EU 21.3 mill metric tons
3. US 8.7 mill metric tons |
|
|
Term
| Why are calves individually housed at the calf unit? |
|
Definition
| individualized care; limits spread of disease |
|
|
Term
| What is importance of colostrum, and what must colostrum score be to be fed at calf unit? |
|
Definition
Antibodies for calf (passive immunity)
Colostrum score 80-90 |
|
|
Term
| Identify type of parlor at UF DRU |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of cows milked per day at DRU |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Milking occurs __ times a day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each cow milks __ gallons of milk per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On average, each mature cow eats __ pounds of feed/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each cow consumes __ gallons of water/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is max somatic cell count allowed for milk sales for federal law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is max somatic cell count allowed for milk sales for SE cooperative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why cows in hosptial pen may be milk separately from ones in herd
What does DRU do with milk from cows with illnesses/injuries |
|
Definition
Pot cows may have milk that contains antiniotic residue from treatment or calving (can't sell milk for 6 days after calving)
Mil sent to calf unit where it's pasteurized and given to calves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feeds used at DRU in their TMR to feed to cows being milked |
|
Definition
| corn silage, soybean meal, dried citrus pulp, whole cottonseed, wet brewer's grain, ground corn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low milk production
repro issues
chronic mastitis
udder injuries
feet and leg soundness
temperament |
|
|
Term
| What type of housing system does DRU use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of operation is UF swine unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are sows in FL housed in gestation crates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some baby pig processing procedures |
|
Definition
clip needle teeth
iron injection
clip tail |
|
|
Term
| what are stressors that occur when piglets are transitioned to nursery |
|
Definition
| social, environmental, nutritonal |
|
|
Term
| Pigs leave nursery at __ wks of age and weigh __ lbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Market hogs consume __ lbs of feed on an as-fed basis from birth to finish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Market hogs in grow-finish stage for __ week |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pig space- __ square feet/pig |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pip population __ pigs per pen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feeder space- __ pigs per feeder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| waterer space- __ pigs per nipple waterer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pharm products used at UF swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In sows, __ needle gauge, __ lenth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In G-F, __ needle gauge, __ length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What breed is used to mitigate heat stress in FL cows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Management practices of beef cattle |
|
Definition
ear tags
branding
tattooing |
|
|
Term
| Beef cattle optimal size for IM injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can you administer IM shots behind shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List some products made from carcass leftovers |
|
Definition
Soap
shampoo
leather goods
ice cream
jello
crayons
paints
upholstery
antifreeze
tires
glue |
|
|
Term
| Cheese are ______ to look okay |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aged cheese has more ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does limburger cheese stink? |
|
Definition
| it goes through brine washing |
|
|
Term
| what's the difference between baby swiss and swiss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what make swiss cheese have holes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. add in lactobacillus
2. Rennett- curdles milk
3. salt |
|
|
