Term
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Definition
| Compromises that give the best possible fitness for the environment (e.g. Arabian oryx) |
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Term
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Definition
| Drinks no fluids. 86% water needs from vegetation. 14% from metabolism. Does not sweat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent Change. (e.g. skin color of Africans) |
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Term
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Definition
| Short term changes (e.g. suntanning) |
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Term
| Rickets in Northeast 1921 |
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Definition
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Term
| Rickets/Osteomalacia (adults) |
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Definition
| Bones do not mineralize, they demineralize and become bowed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Helps immune system, reduces auto immune problems, reduce types of cancer, prevent depression, linked type 1 diabetes, asthma, multiple sclerosis, preeclampsia |
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Term
| Vitamin D deficiency is associated with |
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Definition
| Inability to make cathelicidin (antimicrobial peptide) |
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Term
| Finnish Children receiving Vitamin D supplements |
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Definition
| were 78% likely to develop type 1 diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| born in May are more likely to develop M.S. than those born in November |
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Term
| Official Recommendation of Vitamin D |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A group of similar cells that function as a unit |
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Term
| Types of connective tissue |
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Definition
| bone (hard extracellular matrix) cartilage (stiff extracellular matrix) blood (liquid extracellular matrix) |
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Term
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Definition
| a connective tissue in which cells are surrounded by a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma. Used to transport materials and temperature regulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Have projections that contact other cells, deliver electrochemical signals, produced by changes in permeability of neurons plasma to ions |
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Term
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Definition
| Make up majority of nervous tissue, support for neurons, supply neurons with nutrients, regulate ion concentration around neurons |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle consists of |
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Definition
| long cells called muscle fibers. Muscle fiber packed with long protein filament that move by sliding past each other.Responds to electrical signal of neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| lines walls of the heart. Similar to skeletal muscle. Branches and makes end to end physical and electrical contact with other cardiac muscle cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines the walls of the digestive tract and the walls of the blood vessels, TAPERED at each end.Neurons control contraction of smooth muscle cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cover outside of body and surfaces of organ, form glands, gatekeepers, inherent polarity |
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Term
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Definition
| Of epithelial tissue faces towards environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Of epithelial tissue faces towards tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What limits how large an animal can be and still move effectively |
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Definition
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Term
| Larger animals vs. Smaller animals |
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Definition
| Large animals live longer, and have a higher rate of metabolism. Small animals are susceptible to damage from cold/dehydration |
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Term
| Amount consumed per unit of weight |
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Definition
| Is smaller for larger animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Basal Metabolic Rate: Rate of metabolism on an empty stomach while at rest. Rate of CO2 production. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small animals have higher BMR and large animals have lower BMRs |
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Term
| Adaption to increase surface area |
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Definition
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Term
| Small intestine has surface area |
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Definition
| of tennis court. Only ten feet long. |
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Term
| Conformational homeostais |
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Definition
| Does not regulate temperature e.g. Rock cod |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains constant body temperature regardless of environment (e.g. dog) |
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Term
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Definition
| normal or target value for the controlled variable (body temp, pH, O2 saturation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in hypothalamus, evaluates information and decide if response necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| have external sources of heat. They are in conformational homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
| regulate temperature by producing heat metabolically (regulatory homeostasis) |
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Term
| Ectotherm and Endotherm may both |
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Definition
| use behavioral regulation to maintain body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| heat transfer via infrared radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| heat transfer through a surrounding medium |
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Term
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Definition
| heat transfer through a surrounding medium |
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Term
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Definition
| heat transfer through evaporation of water from a surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the balance of heat production and heat exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| The metabolic rate is low and independent of temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| regulated hypothermia (small endotherms) |
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Term
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Definition
| long lasted regulated hypothermia |
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Term
| What is perfectly preserved during hibernation |
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Definition
| Glycogen (a glucose polymer) and tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the first warming up of hibernating animals. Metabolizes brown fat (found in fat)Attain temp of 30 degree celcius |
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Term
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Definition
| come out of hibernation when ground conditions improve (females) |
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Term
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Definition
| Come out of hibernation in response to an endogeneous clock (males) for spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| That weight is fairly constant throughout adult life. It is WRONG. |
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