Term
| What signalling causes the formation of blood islands? |
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Definition
| SHH signalling from Endoderm of Yolk Sac triggers BMP signalling from Splanchnic Mesoderm. BMP signals Mesenchyme to differentiate |
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Term
| What special stem cell developes in blood islands? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hemangioblasts differentiate into what cells? |
|
Definition
| Hemocytoblasts (inner) and Angioblasts (outer) |
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|
Term
| What is the function of Hemocytoblasts? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Angioblasts? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What signals vasculogenesis in blood islands? |
|
Definition
| VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) signalling from mesenchyme |
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|
Term
| What signalling causes Angiogenesis (sprouting)? |
|
Definition
| Angiopoietin-1 from mesenchyme |
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|
Term
| What causes of migration of mesenchymal cells to blood vessels during the completion of the vascular wall? |
|
Definition
| Platelet Derived Growth Factor PDGF |
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|
Term
| What signalling causes the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into smooth muscle during the completion of the vascular wall? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mutations in the Tie-2 receptor can lead to what pathology? |
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Definition
| Tie-2 is an angiopoietin receptor. Malfunction of this receptor can lead to excessive vascular growth known as a hemangioma |
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|
Term
| What is nevus vascularis? |
|
Definition
| hemangioma characterized by excessive capillary growth |
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|
Term
| What is a cavernous hemangioma? |
|
Definition
| hemangioma in larger venous sinuses that can lead to CNS compression |
|
|
Term
| What is Sturge-Weber Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Angioma of the meninges of the brain |
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|
Term
| What is Port-wine stain hemangioma? |
|
Definition
| hemangioma anterior or lateral on the neck, sharp demarcation at midline |
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|
Term
| What are the ciculatory arches that develop in angiogenesis? |
|
Definition
| Cardiac primordium, vitelline vessels, and umbilical vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is derived from the cardiac primordium? |
|
Definition
| Heart, ventral aortic root, internal carotid artery, anterior cardinal vein, aortic arches, pharyngeal pouch, common cardinal vein, dorsal aorta, and posterior cardinal vein |
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|
Term
| What is derived from vitelline vessels? |
|
Definition
| Superior mesenteric artery and venous drainage |
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|
Term
| What is derived from umbilical vessels? |
|
Definition
| No adult derivative of umbilical vessels should remain |
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|
Term
| How does vasculature develop? |
|
Definition
| Begins in capillary beds and grow towards bigger vessels. This is why vasculature can have variation |
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|
Term
| Hemocytoblasts give rise to which stem cells? |
|
Definition
| Myeloid and Lymphoid stem cells |
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|
Term
| Myeloid stem cells give rise to what cells? |
|
Definition
| Granulocytes, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells |
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|
Term
| Lymphoid stem cells give rise to what cells? |
|
Definition
| B/T lymphocytes and natural killer cells |
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|
Term
| What is the primary source of RBC's after birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary form of endogenous RBC production in a fetus under three months old? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary source of RBC production in a fetus between 3-6 months old? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fetal erythrocytes: zeta/alpha and episilon chains |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Fetal Eythrocytes: Zeta and gamma chains |
|
|
Term
| What are gamma hemoglobin chains? |
|
Definition
| fetal hemoglobin that are bind with alpha chains until enough adult beta chains are being produced |
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|
Term
| What signalling molecule is important for the formation of lymphatics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From where do lymphatics come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when lymphatic trunks do not reach to critical lymphatic ducts? |
|
Definition
| Cystic Hygroma. Allows for a big collection of edema. Associated with Turners Syndrome |
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