Term
| two categories of anesthesia |
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Definition
| general and regional/local |
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Term
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Definition
| induces a state of unconsciousness and varying amounts of analgesia, amnesia, muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes. |
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Term
| regional or general anesthesia |
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Definition
| blocks pain sensations to specific areas of the body without loss of consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
complete a focus assessment
This will cover the patient’s experiences with anesthesia.
Especially pay attention to a past history of malignant hyperthermia (a often fatal condition with anesthesia induction that results in a severe hyperthermic condition).
Pay particular attention to the med history.
All the paperwork must be obtained before the pre-op meds are administered. |
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Term
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Definition
Nursing responsibility: the maintenance of safety, physiologic monitoring, and psychological support for the patient.
Ensure the client is positioned and stays positioned properly to avoid nerve damage (the brachial, radial, ulnar and perineal nerves are most likely to be damaged).
Continuously monitor for S/S of malignant hyperthermia. |
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Term
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Definition
The immediate objective is to assist the patient with recovery from the anesthesia.
Continuously assess: ABC’s, metabolic state (skin integrity, I & O, IV’s, etc.), and general state (muscle strength and response, bowel sounds, incision, positioning, pain level, consciousness level and ability to communicate). Education: this is the key for patient safety, inform patients not to perform tasks that may require quick thinking until effects of anesthesia are completely diminished.
Avoid using alcohol within 24 hours of anesthesia
Prepare them for some degree of psychomotor and sensory impairment after surgery. |
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Term
| types of general anesthetics |
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Definition
| inhalation and intravenous |
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Term
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Definition
-ane. very controlled. easy to recoup.
volatile), gases or liquids that can be administered as gases.
They are complete anesthetics
Provide a controllable anesthetic state
Allergic reactions are rare
Can be reversed quickly because their concentrations are lessened with expired air
Halothane (Fluothane)
May sensitize the myocardium, therefore intra-op and post-op monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
not esay to control, 1/2 life is long.
May be used as an adjunct with inhalation anesthetics.
They decrease the amount of inhaled anesthetic required and this may alleviate some emotional distress due to the patient not having to have the tight mask on while still conscious. |
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Term
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Definition
May use ultra-short acting barbiturates:
Sodium pentathol (truth serum)
Rapid onset
Recovery may result with shivering and trembling
Non-barbiturates may be utilized:
Versed, valium, & ativan
Other IV anesthetics:
Propofol (Diprivan) |
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Term
| pre-anesthetic adjunctive agents |
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Definition
Narcotic analgesics (reduce anxiety and pain)
Morphine, Demerol
Anti-nausea meds:
Phenergan
Skeletal muscle relaxants:
succinylcholine |
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Term
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Definition
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
injected, topically or inhaled |
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Term
| local anesthesia administration |
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Definition
May be injected into tissues to produce an immediate localized effect.
May be injected in or around a nerve or nerve trunk to effect a larger region of the body (spinal or epidural)
This may also be achieved by freezing (however if frozen too long the tissue may be destroyed) |
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Term
| local anesthesia how it works |
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Definition
| Local anesthetics stop axonal conduction by blocking sodium channels which brings stops the conduction of sensation |
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Term
| Often the local anesthetics are given with a vasoconstrictor such as: |
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Definition
| epinephrine, to help decrease the local blood flow and delay systemic absorption of the “local” anesthetic. They will, however, become absorbed to the systemic circulation and in sufficient amounts can cause CNS delays/problems (respiratory depression). |
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Term
| local anesthetic nursing considerations |
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Definition
Assess the patient for past responses to the anesthetic.
Continuously assess level of pain, consciousness, and ABC’s
Use minimal amounts to achieve anesthesia.
Have resuscitative equipment nearby at all times. |
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Term
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Definition
SE/AR/Precautions:
Assess for local irritation
Assess for systemic toxicity
Cardiovascular effects (esp. with Cocaine or if they are absorbed systemically)
CNS problems esp. if absorbed systemically |
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Term
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Definition
| conduction and epidural block |
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Term
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Definition
| injected into the vicinity of a nerve trunk to inhibit the conduction of impulses to and from the area supplied by that nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
injected into the epidural space (lies just outside the sub-arachnoid space)
Causes loss of sensation, keeps motor skills intact
birth- can keep motor skills and can push. but pain is blocked. |
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Term
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Definition
| pain and motor functions to cease. produced by gravity drainage, therefore if the med reaches the top of the head, a severe headache, N&V and backache post-op. |
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