Term
| What are the main features of fascism? |
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Definition
1. Nationalistic
2. "Organic" society
3. "Master Race"
4. Military Rule |
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Term
| What were the two sides in World War II? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the war in Europe different from the war in the Pacific? |
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Definition
| The battle in Europe had two fronts: one in the East where the USSR fought Germany and one in the West where the other Allies fought. D-Day took place on the second front. |
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Term
| Did Vietnam War veterans have more psychological problems than World War II veterans? |
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Definition
| No. The rates were the same. |
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Term
| What weapon ended World War II? Why did this weapon target civilians? |
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Definition
| The atomic bomb. It targeted civilians to prove that the US had a weapon that surpassed any others in the world, one which could level cities. |
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Term
| Define the Cold War. What was it? |
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Definition
| The Cold War was a global rivalry short of direct military conflict that lasted from the mid-1940s to 1991 |
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Term
| Who were the two main rivals of the Cold War, and how long did it last? |
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Definition
1. USSR (Stalin)
2. US (Truman)
The cold war lasted around 45 years |
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Term
| Define “containment” as it applies to the USA’s Cold War foreign policy. |
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Definition
| Truman wanted to ensure that Communism would not spread, so the US supported any anti-communist movement to prevent the domino effect from occuring |
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Term
| What were the setbacks to the USA’s containment in 1949-1950? |
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Definition
China "falls" to communism
USSR tests it's first atomic bomb |
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Term
| What was the Korean War? How did it relate to the USA’s containment policy? |
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Definition
| The Korean War was the first use of USA military troops for containment. South Korea fought against communist North Korea, and US sent troops to support South Korea to aid in stopping the spread of communism. |
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Term
| What 1962 Cold War crisis took the world to the brink of a nuclear war? How was it resolved? |
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Definition
| The Cuban Missile crisis took the world to the brink of a nuclear war. It was resolved by an ultimatum given by JFK to the Soviet Union to remove missiles from Cuba or risk destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutual Assured destruction. Both sides possess sufficient "second-strike capability" |
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Term
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Definition
-Each side recognizes the other's "sphere of influence"
-Increasesd cultural-economic ties |
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Term
| Name the ways that white supremacy was part of American institutions, particularly in the southern states. |
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Definition
Any white citizen by birth possessed more rights and privileges than any black citizen: White solidarity
---People resorted to violence and terrorism when there were threats to the caste system. |
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Term
| Explain Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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Definition
| Segregation by race becomes legal. There was a "Separate but Equal" clause, but the equality was a myth. |
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Term
| Briefly explain the NAACP’s legal strategy to challenge white supremacy. |
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Definition
| The NAACP challenged white supremacy using federal courts to open cracks in white solidarity to defend the constitutional principle of equality. |
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Term
| What was the importance of the 1954 Brown decision? |
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Definition
| It overturned the Plessy decision. |
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Term
| Define “massive resistance.” |
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Definition
Defiant White supremacy:
1. Southern Manifesto
2. Cult of the Confederacy
3. 3rd Ku Klux Klan |
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Term
| What was “direct action”? Explain its context, goals, and tactics. |
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Definition
| Direct action aimed to expose white supremacy through the use of media, protest, disruption and disorder (boycotts). It aimed to challenge the federal government to uphold the civil rights rulings since USA was supposed to be the leader of the "free" world. |
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Term
| What was the context of the modern Civil Rights Movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the “Double-V” campaign? Was it successful? |
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Definition
| Victory abroad against Facisim and victory at home against racism. |
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Term
| How were southern whites split during the era of the Civil Rights Movement? |
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Definition
White Supremacists
Moderates
"Sun Belt" Liberals |
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Term
| What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott? |
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Definition
| African Americans in Montgomery refused to use public transportation, and the US Supreme Court eventually outlaws Jim Crow on Intrastate transportation. |
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Term
| Identify Little Rock School Integration. |
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Definition
| Little Rock Central High School--stalemate |
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Term
| What was the Sit-In Phase of the Civil Rights Movement? |
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Definition
| Protesters would have silent sit-ins in public accommodations. They would sit in establishments around town and refuse to speak or move. (1960) |
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Term
| What does the history of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott tell us about the importance of personal networks to the success of the modern Civil Rights Movement? |
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Definition
| Small sparks can start a big flame. |
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Term
| What was the importance of the 1963 Birmingham protests? |
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Definition
| It exposes terror and forces Kennedy to act. |
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Term
| Identify the main elements of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What were the limits and achievements of the civil rights movement? |
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Definition
Limits: de facto segregation. Overall blacks were the poorest people in the country.
Structural Poverty
Achievements: Broadening of the black middle class
End Legal White Supremacy
Transformed US's democracy |
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Term
| What was the Sun Belt? How did the South achieve its boom after World War II? |
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Definition
| The Sun Belt is the region in the United States that stretches across the southern and southwestern portions of the country from Florida to California. It achieved its boom through military bases set up in this region; low-wage agriculture was ending, and High-tech indstries were attracted to the new space. |
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Term
| What was Vietnamese peasants’ goal and how did it clash with the USA’s goal during the Cold War? |
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Definition
| Their goal was to own their own rice farms. The citizens didn't care if the government was communist or not, they just wanted their rice farms. |
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Term
| Identify the four turning points in the Vietnam War. |
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Definition
1. USA provides economic and military aid to the French against the Communist-led Vietnamese independence movement
2. The USA, determined to maintain an independent, anti-communist South Vietnam, rejects reunification elections and picks its own president of South Vietnam.
3. The USA "escalates" its involvement in Vietnam with more troops and more bombing
4. The war becomes a "quagmire" after the Tet Offensive |
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Term
| Why did the USA support France’s attempt to put down the Vietnamese independence movement after World War II? |
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Definition
| The USA supported France because they thought that if Vietnam gained it's independence, it would become a Communist country |
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Term
| Why did the USA reject the reunification elections in Vietnam in 1956 and install Diem as Vietnam’s president? |
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Definition
| Because they thought if the elections were held, the communist party would win |
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Term
| Why did President Johnson “escalate” the war in early 1965? |
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Definition
UPHOLD CONTAINMENT POLICY
DOMINO THEORY
“CREDIBILITY”
UPHOLD USA’s GLOBAL COMMITMENTS
NATIONAL POLITICS |
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Term
| Why was the Vietnam War a “quagmire” by early 1968? |
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Definition
| Because we were losing to North Vietnam |
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Term
| How did the Vietnam War end? |
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Definition
| North Vietnam won in 1975 |
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Term
| What was “Vietnamization”? |
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Definition
| The U.S. policy during the Vietnam War of giving the South Vietnamese government responsibility for carrying on the war, so as to allow for the withdrawal of American troops. |
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Term
| During the Vietnam War, what was a “hawk”? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During the Vietnam War, what was a "dove"? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did popular music of the 1960s and 1970s reflect changing views of the Vietnam War? |
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Definition
| First the songs supported the war, but as popular opinion shifted, so did the lyrics. |
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Term
| Briefly explain how the rise of the New Right and New Left contributed to the end of the “liberal consensus” of the 1950s. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Watergate scandal? How did it contribute to growing Americans’ cynicism about government? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does rhetoric of the New Right reflect the sixties counterculture rather than “conservatism”? |
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Definition
| "stick it to the man" attitude that rejects opulent living |
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Term
| What dilemma did the New Right face by 2006? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the “furtive-apocalyptic” view of politics? |
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Definition
CONSPIRACY THEORIES
EXTREME RHETORIC
FEAR OF “END” OF AMERICA |
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Term
| What larger economic and cultural forces contributed to the rise of the modern feminist movement? |
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Definition
| More women were being educated and wanting more civil rights, equal opportunities for jobs and reproductive rights |
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Term
| What was the cultural significance of Loretta Lynn’s 1975 country song, “The Pill”? |
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Definition
| It voiced the opinion of the majority of women in the nation about having reproductive rights and rights to have a life outside of children and the kitchen |
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Term
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Definition
| Case that made abortions legal in the US |
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Term
| What were the successes and the failure of the traditional backlash against the feminist movement? |
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Definition
STOP EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (ERA)
DEMONIZE “FEMINISM”-“FEMINIST” |
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Term
| Briefly describe the U.S. economy in the post-World War II years. |
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Definition
POST-WWII BOOM, 1947-1972
7% ANNUAL GROWTH |
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Term
| Briefly describe the U.S. economy in the 1970s and 1980s. |
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Definition
1970S-1980S RECESSION CYCLES
OIL SHOCKS 1973, 1979
“STAGFLATION”—INFLATION + UNEMPLOYMENT
DEEP RECESSION 1979-1982
BOOM MID-1980s |
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Term
| Briefly describe the U.S. economy in the 1990s-2008 |
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Definition
1991-2008 BOOM
GDP GROWTH $6B TO $14B
1990s 4 STRAIGHT YEARS 4% GROWTH
STOCK MARKET BOOM |
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Term
| What are the reasons for pessimism and optimism about the current economy? |
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Definition
OPTIMISM
NEW OPPORTUNITY TO MODERNIZE
NEW FRUGALITY
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
NEW TRADE PARTNERS-MARKETS
PESSIMISM
“OLD” INFRASTRUCTURE
HIGH DEBT LEVELS
CLIMATE CRISIS?
FOREIGN COMPETITORS |
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Term
| Briefly explain the phrase “The End of History”. |
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Definition
FREE MARKETS
DEMOCRACY
HUMAN RIGHTS |
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Term
| Briefly explain the phrase “The Clash of Civilizations.” |
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Definition
MIDEAST POST-WWII
OIL AND ISRAEL
MODERNITY-ANTI-LIBERALISM
SECULAR MODERNIZERS
RELIGIOUS MODERNIZERS
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISTS |
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