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| C. 650-1000 CE, from Northern England, Anglo-Saxon culture, set in Scandinavia, |
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| Riddle. such as "whale-path" which would mean sea. |
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| old English letter no longer used, in Beowulf |
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| old English letter no longer used, in Beowulf |
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| old English letter no longer used, in Beowulf |
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| Anglo-Saxon, King of Danes, his funeral foreshadows Beowulf's |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, grandson of Shield Sheafson |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, Mead hall/feasting hall, built by Hrothgar |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, possibly part water spirit, skin is impervious to weapons, angry at festivities of Heorot, 12 years of feasting go on, Grendel continuously attacks, Beowulf fights Grendel and tears off arm, Grendel flees to pool and dies |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, King of Geats, gave Beowulf land |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, Once ruled by Hygelac, after Beowulf defeats Grendel's mother, he becomes king of geats |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, area that Beowulf returns to after defeating Grendel's mother |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, sword given to Beowulf by Unferth, fails him when he uses it against Grendel's mother |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, Challenges Beowulf and questions his greatness |
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| Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf story, Beowulf's "second-self", or sidekick. Helps Beowulf fight the dragon by weakening it. |
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| Lof is the Anglo-Saxon word that means "glory" or "fame after death." It means the same thing as the Greek word "kleos." Beowulf does all of his heroic deeds because he wants to get lof; that is, he wants to be remembered after his death. |
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| Anglo-Saxon (or Old English) word; it is the last word in Beowulf. It means "the most desirous of lof," and it refers to Beowulf. The author is saying that Beowulf wanted glory more than any other man did, and that is why he is the greatest hero. |
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The appocalypse in Norse culture. Where the world tree(yggdrasil) is killed. "End of gods", future destruciton of god's world. 10 signs of Ragnarok
i. 3 winters, no summers
ii. Battles (humans lose kinship bonds)
iii. Sun, moon, swallowed by wolves
iv. Giant earthquake frees Fenrir(wolf), Midgard Serpent
v. Final battle (AEsir vs. Jotnar
vi. Surt(giants); Loki (souls from hel); Odin (gods, souls from Valhalla)
vii. Thor, Midgard Serpent kill each other
viii. Odin swallowed by Fenrir
ix. Loki and god Heimdall kill each other
x. Surt burns earth |
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| home of humans, Norse culture, |
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| home of giants, Norse culture |
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| Home of AEsir, Norse culture *note the AE in AEsir is the weird combined letter thing.* |
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| Rainbow bridge between Asgard and Midgard (AEsir and humans) |
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| World tree, Norse culture, dies in Ragnarok |
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| One of 2 death realms of Norse culture. For warriors killed in battle, its a hall in Asgard |
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| Norse, located in roots of yggdrasil, lowest place you can go after you die, |
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| Norse culture, ruler of Valhalla the death realm. |
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| female warrior spirits in Norse mythology. They carry the souls of those who die in battle over the bridge Bifrost to Valhalla, in Asgard. |
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| Norse culture, Boar of Valhalla, used for daily feasting, eat this replenishing hog. |
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| Norse culture, Goat of Valhalla, used for the daily feasting, drink the mead(milk) from this replenishing goat |
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| Norse Culture, Trickster God, Kills Baldr with mistletoe(one thing that wasn't sworn to be safe from killing Baldr), which is a sign of Ragnarok, refuses to weep of Baldr which keeps him in the underworld |
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| Mesopotamian, "Land of no return", Sumerian kur "earth/ground" also translated "Mountain" general said to be in the west |
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| sumerian, meaning "earth/ground" |
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| Mesopotamian afterlife, "Queen of the Great Below", Queen of the underworld, lives in palace at Ganzir, Sleeps with Nergal, or Demands Dumuzi in place of Ishtar(two different poems). |
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| Mesopotamian afterlife, area near entrance to underworld, nice area |
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| Mesopotamian afterlife, demons(underworld spirits), sometimes go to humans and drag them to the underworld |
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| Mesopotamian afterlife, wander around thirsty for blood of living because they live in a world of dust |
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| Mesopotamian afterlife, Son of Ereshkigal. Messenger bc Ereshkigal cannot leave the underworld. Reports Nergal's negligence to bow to him in honor of his mother. |
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| Mesopotamian, god of plague, flood, war, and fertility.becomes husband of Ereshkigal, King of underworld |
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| Mesopotamian god, the young and handsome lover of the goddess Ishtar. He is associated with agricultural fertility. Ishtar is the goddess of sex. When she gets trapped in the underworld, all reproduction on earth ceases, and nothing can grow. The gods insist that Ishtar be returned, but the underworld goddess Ereshkigal demands that another god take her place. Dumuzi ends up taking the place of Ishtar. He stays in the underworld with Ereshkigal half of the year, and for half of the year he is released to the realm of the living. This cycle reflects the seasonal growth cycle of plants. |
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| Greek god or hero who is similar to Dumuzi. He is the young and handsome lover of the goddess Aphrodite, he is associated with agricultural fertility, and he dies and goes to the underworld. |
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