Term
| What does the anterior mediastinum contain? |
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Definition
| Remnants of thymus, LNs, fat and CT |
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Term
| What does the middle mediastinum contain? |
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Definition
| Pericardium, heart, roots of the great vessels, arch of azygos vein, main bronchi |
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Term
| What is the posterior border of the anterior mediastinum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pericardial sac lies posterior to the body of the sternum and the second to ___th costal cartilages at the level of the T__ - T __ vertebrae. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the fibrous pericardium attach to or fuse with? |
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Definition
| Tunica advantitia of great vessels leaving the heart, attached to posterior surface of sternum by sternopericardial ligaments, fused with central tendon of the diaphragm |
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Term
| The ascending aorta carries the pericardium superiorly beyond the heart to the level of the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The visceral layer of serous pericardium forms the __________, the external layer of the heart wall. |
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Definition
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Term
| As the heart tube folds, its venous end moves _________ly so that the venous end of the tube lies adjacent to the arterial end, separated by the... |
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Definition
| posterosuperiorly, transverse pericardial sinus |
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Term
| The arterial supply of the pericardium is mainly from which artery? It is a branch of what? |
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Definition
| Pericardiacophrenic artery, internal thoracic |
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Term
| Venous drainage of the pericardium is from... |
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Definition
| pericardiacophrenic veins and tributaries of the azygos system |
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Term
| What is the sensory innervation of the pericardium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vasomotor innervation to the pericardium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is a needle inserted for pericardiocentesis? |
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Definition
| through left 5th or 6th IC space near sternum |
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Term
| The base of the heart is the heart's _______ aspect. What mainly forms it? |
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Definition
| posterior, left atrium with a lesser contribution from right atrium |
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Term
| The anterior or sternocostal surface of the heart is formed mainly by the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The diaphragmatic or inferior surface of the heart is formed mainly by the... |
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Definition
| left ventricle, partly by the right ventricle as well |
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Term
| The right pulmonary surface of the heart is formed mainly by the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The primordial atrium is represented in the adult by the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The definitive right atrium is enlarged by the incorporation of most of the embryonic... |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the venous sinus incorporated into the primordial atrium becomes the smooth-walled ________ of the adult right atrium. |
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Definition
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Term
| The separation between the primordial atrium and the sinus venarum is indicated externally by what structure? And internally by what structure? |
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Definition
| sulcus terminalis, crista terminalis |
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Term
| The rough muscular wall of the right atrium is composed of... |
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Definition
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Term
| The right ventricle tapers superiorly into a cone, the... |
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Definition
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Term
| the conus arteriosus leads into the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the irregular muscular elevations of the right ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates the ridged muscular wall of the inflow part of the right ventricle from the smooth wall of the conus arteriosus or outflow part? |
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Definition
| the supraventricular crest |
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Term
| What prevents the tricuspid cusps from prolapsing or separating? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many papillary muscles are usually in the right ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the IV septum is located superoposteriorly and is continuous of the fibrous skeleton of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the IV septum bulges into a ventricle? Which one? |
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Definition
| muscular part, right ventricle |
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Term
| What structure runs from the inferior part of the IV septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle? What does it do? |
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Definition
| The septomarginal trabecula or moderator band. It carries bart of the right bundle branches of the AV bundle. |
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Term
| The blood in which spaces prevents the pulmonary semilunar cusps from sticking to the wall of the pulmonary trunk and failing to close? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the pectinate muscles in the left atrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The smooth walled portion of the left atrium is formed by absorption of the embryonic... |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare the trabeculae carnae of the left ventricle to the right ventricle |
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Definition
| they are finer and more numberous |
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Term
| Compare the papillary muscles of the left ventricle to those of the right ventricle |
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Definition
| 2 as opposed to 3, they are larger |
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Term
| What is the smooth walled outflow part of the left ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two cusps of the mitral valve? (named for directions) |
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Definition
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Term
| When do the chorda tendinae become taught? |
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Definition
| Just before and during systole |
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Term
| Where are the mouths of the right and left coronary arteries? |
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Definition
| In the right and left aortic sinuses |
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Term
| Percussion of the heart is performed where? |
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Definition
| 3rd, 4th, 5th IC spaces from the left anterior axillary line to the right anterior axillary line |
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Term
| A probe size patency appears in the superior part of the oval fossa in what percentage of people? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the IV septum is a common site of VSDs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of defects account for approx 25% of all forms of congenital heart disease? |
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Definition
| ventricular septal defects |
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Term
| What is the most frequent valve abnormality? What does it result in? |
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Definition
| Aortic stenosis, LV hypertrophy |
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Term
| The superior border of the heart corresponds to a line drawn from the inferior border of the ______ left costal cartilage to the superior border of the ______ right costal cartilage. |
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Definition
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Term
| The right border of the heart corresponds to a line drawn from the _____ right costal cartilage to the ______ right costal cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| The inferior border of the heart corresponds to a line drawn from the inferior end of the right border to a point in the ______ IC space close to the left _______ line |
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Definition
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Term
| The right coronary artery runs in the coronary.... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main branches of the RCA? |
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Definition
| ascending SA nodal branch, right marginal branch, the AV nodal branch, large posterior IV branch |
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Term
| In approx 40% of people, the SA nodal branches arises from the... |
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Definition
| circumflex branch of the LCA |
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Term
| Just left of the pulmonary trunk, the LCA divides into... |
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Definition
| anteror IV branch and circumflex branch |
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Term
| Which artery follows the left margin of the heart and supplies the left ventricle? Where does it arise from? |
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Definition
| The left marginal artery, form the circumflex branch of the LCA |
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Term
| In many people, the anterior IV artery gives rise to a _________ branch, which descends on the anterior surface of the heart |
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Definition
| lateral (diagonal) branch |
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Term
| In about 1/3 of hearts, the circumflex branch of the LCA continues as the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the coronary sinus receive at its left and right ends? |
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Definition
| L: great cardiac vein, R: middle and small cardiac veins |
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Term
| Aside from the great, middle and small cardiac veins, what other veins open into the coronary sinus? |
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Definition
| left posterior ventricular vein and left marginal vein |
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Term
| The small anterior cardiac veins empty into... |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest cardiac veins open directly into... |
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Definition
| the chambers of the heart, chiefly the atria |
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Term
| Lymphatic vessels in the myocardium and subendocardial CT pass to the... |
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Definition
| subepicardial lymphatic plexus |
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Term
| Vessels from the subepicardial lymphatic plexus pass to the coronary _______ and follow the coronary ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| A single lymphatic vessel ascends between what cardiac structures and ends in which LNs? |
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Definition
| between pulmonary trunk and left atrium, ends in the inferior tracheobronchial LNs, usually on the right side |
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Term
| What special collection of tissue is located in the IA septum near the coronary sinus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The AV bundle passes through which part of the IV septum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart is supplied by ANS fibers from which plexuses? Where are they? |
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Definition
| superficial and deep cardiac plexuses, anterior to the bifurcation of the trachea and posterior to the ascending aorta |
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Term
| The sympathetic presynaptic fibers to the heart come from cell bodies located where? |
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Definition
| the lateral horns of the T1-T5 or T6 |
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Term
| The sympathetic postsynaptic fibers to the heart come from cell bodies located where? |
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Definition
| cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk |
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Term
| Sympathetic stimulation has what effect on coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
| indirectly dilates them by inhibiting their constriction |
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Term
| The parasympathetic innervation of the heart is from presynaptic fibers of the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are postsynaptic parasympathic cell bodies that innervate the heart? |
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Definition
| near the SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries |
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Term
| What fibrous structures connect the fibrous rings of the valves and the membranous parts of the IA and IV septa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the 3 most common sites of coronary artery occlusion? |
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Definition
| 1) LAD branch of the LCA, 2) the RCA, 3) circumflex branch of LCA |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid deposits in which layer of the coronary arteries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vessel is commonly used for coronary bypass surgeries? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T4 is the dermatome for the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Inferior angle of scapula vertebral level |
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Definition
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Term
| T7 is the level of the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is immediately posterior to the manubrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| thymus is immediately posterior to the... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| rib related to horizontal fissure of right lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| inferior extent of the lung at midclavicular, midaxillary and posteriorly? |
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Definition
| 6th rib, 8th rib, 10th rib |
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Term
| inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular, midaxillary and posteriorly? |
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Definition
| 8th rib, 10th rib, 12th rib |
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Term
| innervation of costal pleura? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of mediastinal pleura? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Right primary bronchus is more likely to receive aspirated material because it's... |
|
Definition
| wider, shorter, more vertical |
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|
Term
| needle location for therapeutic needle tap? |
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Definition
| superior to 12th rib posteriorly |
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|
Term
| right ventricle - what comes before the pulmonary trunk? |
|
Definition
| conus arteriosum or infundibulum |
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|
Term
| site for auscultation of pulmonary valve? aortic valve? |
|
Definition
| left 2nd ICS, right 2nd ICS |
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Term
| site for auscultation of tricuspid valve? mitral valve? |
|
Definition
| xiphisternal joint, left 5th ICS in MCL |
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Term
| heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection? |
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Definition
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Term
| heart chamber that forms apex |
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Definition
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Term
| heart chamber that forms base |
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Definition
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Term
| artery that determines coronary dominance |
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Definition
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|
Term
| usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| major vessel draining musculature of heart |
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Definition
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|
Term
| innervation of fibrous pericardium |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most common cause of SEM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| location of ductus arteriosis |
|
Definition
| between left pulmonary artery and aorta |
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|
Term
| nerve potentially injured with repair of PDA |
|
Definition
| left recurrent largyngeal |
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Term
| veins that unite to form brachiocephalic |
|
Definition
| subclavian and internal jugular |
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|
Term
| veins that unite to form SVC |
|
Definition
| right and left brachiocephalic |
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|
Term
| termination of azygos vein |
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Definition
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|
Term
| structures to RIGHT and LEFT of thoracic duct |
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Definition
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|
Term
| thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus? |
|
Definition
| left bronchus, aorta and diaphragm |
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Term
| disease often assoc with thymoma |
|
Definition
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