Term
how many pharyngeal arches
which one disappears |
|
Definition
6 and then 5
5 almost as quickly as it develops |
|
|
Term
| first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s) |
|
Definition
| mandible and incus and malleus |
|
|
Term
second pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
third pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
forth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
fifth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)
|
|
Definition
| nothing, it disappears remember! |
|
|
Term
sixth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves
|
|
Definition
| trigeminal n and external carotid artery |
|
|
Term
second pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves
|
|
Definition
facial nerve and stapedial artery
(CN VII) |
|
|
Term
third pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves
|
|
Definition
glossopharyngeal nerve and internal carotid artery
(CN IX) |
|
|
Term
forth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves
|
|
Definition
superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve (CN X)
and aortic arch and subclavian arteries |
|
|
Term
fifth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sixth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves
|
|
Definition
recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus (CN X)
and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| which weeks of gestation are most critical for head and neck structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when are most ear structures formed |
|
Definition
15th week of gestation
so if structurally correct, but small- problem occurred after 15weeks |
|
|
Term
pharyngeal clefts give rise to what developments of the ear
pharyngeal pouches |
|
Definition
clefts: external development
pouches: internal development and a/n/cartilage |
|
|
Term
how much of the external auditory canal is cartilage and how much is osseous
what about the eustachian tube
what are the functions of each |
|
Definition
canal: 1/3 cartilage and 2/3 osseous
allows sounds waves to come in and stay there
eu tube: 2/3 cartilage and 1/3 osseousfor equalizing pressure |
|
|
Term
| which ossicle is at greatest risk for necrosis and why |
|
Definition
| long process of the incus because it receives the least blood supply |
|
|
Term
| at what age does the eustachian tube reach adult size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the eustachian tube is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in kids what muscles open the eustachian tube
in adults |
|
Definition
tensor palatini
tensor palatini and levator veli palatini |
|
|
Term
what nerve innervates the tensor palatini
the levator veli palatini |
|
Definition
CN V: trigeminal nerve
CN X: vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the auditory ossicles |
|
Definition
| to increase and amplify the vibrations of the sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear/cochlea |
|
|
Term
| describe what conductive hearing is |
|
Definition
process of collecting sound waves and channeling them down the ear canal where they cause the TM to vibrate
TM vibration causes ossicles to move, which increase and amplify the vibrations even more- effectively transmitting them to the cochlea |
|
|
Term
| describe sensorineural hearing |
|
Definition
vibrations from the ossicles cause fluid to move in the cochlea which move tiny hair cells
this causes an electrical signal to be sent along the auditory nerve which the brain translates into the sounds |
|
|
Term
| the entire respiratory system is an outgrowth of what |
|
Definition
| the primitive pharynx- single tube becomes two |
|
|
Term
| which vertebrae does the larynx sit in front of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the cricoid cartilage lie in kids and adults |
|
Definition
directly below the thyroid cartilage
kids: C3/4
adults: C6/7 |
|
|
Term
| what cartilage opens and closes the larynx |
|
Definition
| arytenoid cartilage (also attaches vocal cords to posterior larynx) |
|
|
Term
| what acts as a laryngeal shield |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerves innervate the larynx |
|
Definition
| superior laryngeal and inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerves off of the vagus |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the larynx |
|
Definition
protection- prevents anything but air from entering
respiration- via active muscular dilation of laryngeal aperature
phonation: by vibration of the vocal cords |
|
|
Term
at what age are all 20 baby teeth usually in place
when do they begin to fall out |
|
Definition
two and half years old
six, by thirteen usually all are gone |
|
|
Term
| where does the nose receive its blood supply from and what innervates it |
|
Definition
internal and external carotid
anterior ethmoid ganglion and sphenopalatine nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
respiration: heat exchange, humidification, filtration
olfaction
phonation |
|
|
Term
where is the ethmoid sinus located
sphenoid |
|
Definition
between the middle turbinate and medial orbital wall
in sphenoid bone behind upper nasal cavity right below sella turcica |
|
|
Term
| where do each of the sinuses open into |
|
Definition
maxillary- middle meatus of nose
frontal- middle meatus
ethmoid- between middle turbinate and medial orbital wall
sphenoid- superior meatus |
|
|
Term
| when are the sinuses present and fully developed |
|
Definition
maxillary- 3yrs
frontal- present at 8yrs and developed by 12yrs
ethmoid- 3yrs
sphenoid- present at 3yrs and developed by 12yrs |
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