Term
|
Definition
| excess CSF in intrancranial cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lack of drainage, blockage, rare over production, decreased reabsorbtion, |
|
|
Term
| Communicationg Hydrocencephalus |
|
Definition
| due to impared CSF reabsorption in arachnoid granules,obstruction of flow in subarachnoid, or rare CSF overproduction |
|
|
Term
| Noncommunicationg Hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| Obstruction in the ventricular system |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| Headache, confusion, dizzyness, papillaredema, decreased vision, sixth nerve paralysis |
|
|
Term
| What is seen in children with hydrocephalus when their sutures are not yet fused |
|
Definition
| Buldged frontanelle shows the elevated intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minor can lead to lack of abduction of the eye when commanded
Serious can lead to medially deviated cross eyes
Can occur in one or both eyes |
|
|
Term
| Dilation of the suprapineal recess |
|
Definition
| Posterior 3rd ventricle pushes down on the collicular plate of the midbrain leading to Parinaud's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limited vertical gaze in the upward direction, sun setting eyes are usaully seen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external ventricular drain, venticulopenitoneal shunt, endoscopic surgery, 3rd ventriculostomy (make hole in 3rd vent floor) |
|
|
Term
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
Triad of : mental decline, gait difficulties, urinary incontinence
Chronically dilated ventricles but normal pressure usually |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling of CSF into damaged areas of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meningiomas and Gliomas followed by pituitary adenooma, schwannoma, and lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Adults tumors vs kid tumors (70/30) |
|
Definition
| Adult 70 above tentorium 30 below, kids 70 posterior fossa 30 supratetorial |
|
|
Term
| Most common tumor in children |
|
Definition
| Astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, followed by ependymoma |
|
|
Term
| How do posterior fossa tumors cause hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| Compression of the 4th ventricles or aqueduct of Sylvius |
|
|
Term
| What tumors are associated with seizures> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Astrocytoma I/IV, glioblastoma IV/IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from arachnoid villus cells, are seen as homogenous growths between layers of the meningeas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cause endocrine disturbances or compress the optic chiasm resulting in vision loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dopamine agonists which will shrink tumor size and inhibit function |
|
|
Term
| Schwannomas most effect which nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from B cells and can grow near ventricles thus can be diagnosed by CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can obstruct aqueduct leading to hydrocephalus or can lead to dorsal midbrain compression and parinauds syndrome *RARE* |
|
|
Term
| Brain metastases can occur from where |
|
Definition
| Lung, Breast, Melanomas, renal cell, throid, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remote effects of cancer in the body leading to abnormal autoimmune responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cocci and Bacilli leading to brain abcess, epidural abscess and bacterial meningitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 Meningeal Signs |
|
Definition
Fever,Stiff Neck, letargy, senstivity to light and sounds, headache, Kernig's- flex at waist and straight legs causes pain
Brudzinski- flex neck leads to hip fexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High WBC count, high protein, low glucose |
|
|
Term
| What test should be run following bacterial menengitis in young children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a brain abcess present |
|
Definition
| Headache, lethargy, fever, nucal rigidity, nausea, vomit, focal signs, seizures.... ESR Elevated |
|
|
Term
| How to treat brain abscess? |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics, but if severe mass effect you can do needle aspiration to relieve pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Back pain, fever, elevated WBC, headache, signs of nerve root compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotic certriaxone and nafcillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of pus usually stemming from a nasal infection or inner ear, under the dura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headache lethargy and meningeal signs over several weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TB involving the epidural space along with the vertebral bones, seen in IV drug users, HIV patients and areas of active TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated WBC with lymphocyte prdominance, elevated protein and low glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated WBC with lymphocyte prdominance, elevated protein and low glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial Bartonella henselae can produce fever, headaches, seizures, and will see T2 bright areas on MRI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treponema pallidum spirochete |
|
|
Term
| Asceptic Meningitis affects which CN's leading to palsy |
|
Definition
| Facial, optic, vestibulocular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic meningeal involvements leads to arterititis of medium size vessels can can result in white infarcts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spinal nerve roots in lumbosacral region are degeneratied of dorsal coloum--- high stepping gate, optic atrophy and argyll robertson pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eyes will accomidate to near objects but will not react to light in pupilary response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dementia, behavior changes, grandeur delusions, psychosis, upper motor neuron weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treponemes blood tests and CSF with lymphocye predominant meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spirochete borrelia burgdorferi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rash, erythema migrans, meningitis, emotional changes, impaired memory and consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LP, serological,
Tx with IV ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common causes enterovirus, mumps, coxsackievirus, echovirus |
|
|
Term
| Findings in Viral Meningitis |
|
Definition
| High WBC, normal glucose, normal protein |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of viral encephalitits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Herpes simplex encephalitis symp. |
|
Definition
psychoitc behavior, confusion, lethargy, headache, fever, meningeal signs, seizures, can lead to necrosis
Tx. Acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| Characteristic findings on EEG of viral meningoencephalitits |
|
Definition
| Periodic sharp wave in temporal lobes |
|
|
Term
| Postinfectious encephalitis |
|
Definition
| several days after a viral infection AI against nerve myelin in CNS |
|
|
Term
| Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
|
Definition
| delayed and slow progression caused by measles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be caused by viral infections |
|
|
Term
| HIV associated neurocognitive Disorder |
|
Definition
| an aseptic form of meningitits that causes facial nerve issues and cranial neuropathies |
|
|
Term
| Cytomegalovirus common infection areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath |
|
Definition
| Caused by the JC Virus and is a gradual demelyenator of the brain. See T2 white spots in posterior of brain |
|
|
Term
| Should be expected in any HIV patients with severe headaches |
|
Definition
| Crypotcoccal fungal infection, tx with amphotericin B and oral fluconazole |
|
|
Term
| Common HIV parasite infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasmosis brain effects |
|
Definition
| abscess on MRI with a ring enhancing lesion, darker T1 center with ring enhancement after galiduium, edema from mass effect, seizures, headaches, fever, lymphocyte prodominantlym, focal signs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for 2 weeks and then recheck abscess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ingestion of eggs of pork tape worms Taenia Solium, which leads to cysts forming in your CNS, muscles, eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspergillosis and Candidiasis |
|
|
Term
| Rinocerebral mucormycosis |
|
Definition
| inhaled thru the nose and involves the orbit of diabetic patients, |
|
|
Term
| CC of rhinocerebral mucormycosis |
|
Definition
| facial weakness, vision loss, face numbness, eye paralysis |
|
|
Term
| What should never be given to a fungal infection |
|
Definition
| Steroids will exacerbate it |
|
|
Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease |
|
Definition
| dementia, hightened startle response, myoclonus, visual distortions and hallucinations, ataxia: increased sharp wave complexes |
|
|
Term
| How do you distinguish a tramatic trap |
|
Definition
| RBC from puncture will decrease in number from first to last draw, no xanthochromia (yellow tinge) in CSF if centerfuged immediately |
|
|
Term
| Guidline for tramatic trap |
|
Definition
| 1 WBC for ever 700 RBC introduced |
|
|
Term
| Pterional craniotomy uses |
|
Definition
| Anterior circulation access, basilar tip aneurysms, cavernous sinus, suprasellar tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more lateral approach used to decompress intracranial hematomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior fossa structure access |
|
|
