Term
| _______________ glands secrete hormones into _______________ |
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Definition
| Endocrine---- Body fluids |
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| Hormones affect target cells with certain___________ |
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Definition
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| Two classes of hormones are____________ and ____________ |
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Definition
| steroids--- amino acid based |
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Term
| ___________ hormones enter the target cell, then form a complex wth the receptor. The hormone-receptor complex then activates ______. |
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Definition
| Steroid----- specific genes |
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Term
| __________ hormones COMBINE with receptors on the target cell membrane,triggerin a membrane protein to produce a ________________. |
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Definition
| Amino acid based------ 2nd messenger |
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| The second messenger activates _________ which alter cellular processes. |
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Definition
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Definition
| 2nd messenger of amino acid based horomones |
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| Amplification of the effect of amino acid based hormones occurs because |
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Definition
| complexes trigger formation of many 2nd messengers |
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Definition
| lipids that affect only nearby cells |
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| Name three methods by which hormone secretions are controlled. |
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Definition
| Nerve Impulses ---- releasing hormones secreted by hypothalamu ---- negative feedback systems |
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Term
| In a negative feedback system, a gland is sensitive to |
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Definition
| concentration of substance it regulates |
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Term
| A high concentration of the substance the gland regulates causes _______________. The gland then produces ______ of the substance |
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Definition
| inhibition of the gland ------ less |
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Term
| Most secretions of the pituitary gland are controlled by ______________. |
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Definition
| hormones produced by the hypothalamus |
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Term
| Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are produced by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid glands produce |
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Definition
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Term
| Secretion of adrenal medulla hormones is stimulated by |
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Definition
| sympathetic impulses from hypothalamus |
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Term
| Aldosterone signals the kidneys to _____________. By doing this, aldosterone helps to maintain ___________. Aldosterone is secreted in response to _______________________. |
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Definition
| conserve Na and H20 and excrete K ---- blood volume and pressure ---- increased K concentration |
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Term
| Juxtaglmerular cells of the ____ detect decreasing blood pressure or Na concentration, then release the enzyme __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rennin breaks down the blood protein _________ to produce ____________, which is converted to angiotensin II in the __________. |
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Definition
| angiotensenogen ---- angiotensenogen I --- lungs |
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Term
| 3 functions of cortisol are |
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Definition
| inhibits protein synthesis, releases fatty acids, and stimulates glucose formation fom noncarbohydrates |
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Term
| Secretion of cortisol is controlled by a _______________ involving ______________________ |
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Definition
| negative feedback system ---- CRH from hypothalamus, ACTH from anterior pituitary gland |
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Term
| Adrenal sex hormones are ___________ some of which may be converted to __________. Generally their function is to_______________. |
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Definition
| androgens ----- estrogen ---- supplement sex hormones |
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Term
| Which hormones require iodine for their production? |
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Definition
| T 3 and T 4 involved in metabolism |
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Term
| _________ are clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| 3 functions of glucagon are |
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Definition
| increase blood glucose by stimulating liver, stimulates breakdown of fat, controlled by negative feedback system |
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Term
| 3 functions of insulin are |
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Definition
| promotes storage of glucose, storage of fats, synthesis of protein |
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Term
| Insulin receptors are lacking on ______ cells which must rely on diffusion for their ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon and insulin production are also controlled by |
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Definition
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Term
| The pineal gland secretes ________ which is involved in___________. |
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Definition
| melatonin ---- regulation of circadian rhythms |
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Term
| Melatonin secretion is inhibited by |
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Definition
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Term
| The thymus gland secretes ________, which affects the production of __________________. |
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Definition
| thymosins ---- some T lympocytes involved in immunity |
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Definition
| estrogen ---- progesterone |
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Definition
| estrogen, progesterone, and gonadatropin |
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Definition
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| __________ causes kidneys to retain water in high concentrations constricts blood vessels raising blood pressure |
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Definition
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Term
| _________ is an antidiuretic effect causes uterus to contract triggers production and ejection of milk from mammary glands |
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Definition
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Definition
| posterior pituitary horomone |
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Definition
| posterior pituitary horomone |
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Term
| ____ and ____ increase rate of metabolism, protein synthesis and lipid breakdown |
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Definition
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| ________ lowers blood concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions |
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Definition
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| 5 actions of parathyroid hormone |
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Definition
| increases blood Ca concentration ---- stimulates resorption of bone ---- signals kidneys to conserve ca and excrete phospate ions ---- causes intense to absorb Ca ---- regulated by neg. feedback mechanism between parathyroid glands and blood |
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Term
| _____ and ______ are similar to sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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| thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Definition
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| Adrenocorticotropin hormone |
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| follicle stimulating hormone |
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