Term
| Sternoclavicular (SC) joint |
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Definition
- extremely strong joint with significant mobility
- rarely dislocated – usually clavicle fractures first |
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Term
| Review the bones of the upper extremity and the neuromuscular relationships. |
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Definition
| No answer given on sheet. |
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Term
| Acromioclavicular (AC) joint |
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Definition
- relatively weak joint
- dislocation often called “shoulder separation” |
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Term
| Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint |
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Definition
- widely mobile ball-and-socket joint that is relatively stable
- shallow glenoid cavity deepened by labrum; humeral head held in place by rotator cuff muscles (know these muscles and their nerve innervations)
- commonly dislocated by direct or indirect injury; most dislocations involve inferior displacement of humeral head (clinically referred to as anterior dislocation)
- axillary nerve may be injured during dislocation, leading to deltoid weakness and/or paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
- hinge-type joint permitting flexion and extension
- Ulnar = articulates with trochlea of humerus
- Radius = articulates with capitulum of humerus
- ligaments = thickenings of articular capsule
- Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
- Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
- Anular ligament (encircles and holds head of radius) |
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Term
| Proximal and distal radioulnar joints |
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Definition
- pivot joints allowing pronation and supination of forearm
- subluxation or dislocation of radial head can occur when children are suddenly lifted or jerked by the upper limb when the forearm is pronated (subluxation can be treated by supination while the elbow is flexed) |
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Term
| Wrist (radiocarpal) joint |
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Definition
- distal radius and articular disc of ulna articulate with proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform); radius articulates with scaphoid and luna
- movements include: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
- Colles’ fracture (distal radius) = most common fracture in persons >50 yrs.
- scaphoid fracture = relatively common in young adults; causes tenderness in snuffbox and can lead to avascular necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
- intercarpal (carpal), carpometacarpal, intermetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal (m-p), interphalangeal (i-p) joints
- carpometacarpal joint of thumb is highly mobile: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction |
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