Term
| What is the jugular or sternal notch? |
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Definition
| superior aspect (top) of manubrium |
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Term
| What attaches at the Sternal Angle of Louis? |
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Definition
| articulation between the manubrium and body of the sternum: Rib 2 costal cartilage |
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Term
| Demonstrate the mid-axillary line. |
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Definition
| Center of arm-pit down lateral aspect of body |
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Term
| What anterior chest feature lies on the mid-clavicular line? |
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Definition
| centered over nipple (4th ICS in male) |
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Term
| What projects laterally at the union of the pedicle and lamina of the vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a true rib and how many are there? |
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Definition
| 7 true ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costocartilage |
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Term
| “typical: ribs attach to three bony structures. What are they? |
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Definition
| Ribs 3-9; attach to 2 vertebrae (numerically corresponding and superior) and transverse process of same rib |
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Term
| Did man have 13 ribs at one time? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is intercostal space 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fatty layer just beneath the skin called? |
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Definition
| Hypodermis/superficial fascia/fat – contains blood and lymph vessels and tissue that connects skin to fascia |
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Term
| What are Langer lines and how do they relate to scar formation? |
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Definition
Linear clefts in the skin indicative of the direction of the fibers
they correspond closely to the creases of the body but vary with body configuration.
Lines of incision made parallel to them are thought to heal more efficiently with minimal scarring
Also called cleavage lines. |
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Term
| Where is the female breast anatomically located? |
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Definition
Superficial to the pectoralis major muscle in the hypodermis of the skin (superficial fascia)
mammallary crease occurs at rib 6
Breast extends transversely from lateral border of sternum to the midaxillary line and vertically from 2nd to 6th ribs.
A small portion of the breast may extend into the axillary region along the edge of the pec major forming the axillary process or tail (of Spence) |
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Term
| What two vessels supply most of the blood supply to the breast? |
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Definition
Internal thoracic (medial aspect, originates from subclavian artery)
lateral thoracic (lateral aspect, originates from axillary artery) |
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Term
| Most of the lymphatic drainage of breast tissue is toward which lymph nodes? |
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Definition
Axillary collects most drainage (75%), then travels to clavicular
Medial breast quadrants drain to parasternal nodes
Inferior quadrants may pass deeply to abdominal nodes |
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Term
| The line on which mammary tissue can be found in mammals is called what? |
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Definition
Milk Line – begins in axilla and runs to groin
additional breasts can develop anywhere along this line, and only along this line |
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Term
| What are five physical signs of breast cancer? |
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Definition
Lump (tumor)
Dimpling (invasion of suspensory ligaments)
Retracted nipple (invasion of lactiferous ducts)
Peu d’ orange (blockage of lymphatic’s)
Loss of mobility |
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Term
| What is found in the deltopectoral triangle or groove? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two vessels supply the pectoral and lateral thoracic wall regions? |
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Definition
| Lateral thoracic and thorocoacromial artery |
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Term
| Name three structures that pierce the clavipectoral fascia above the pectoralis minor. |
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Definition
Cephalic vein
thorocoacromial artery and vein
lateral pectoral nerve |
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Term
| What is the innervation to the pectoralis major? |
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Definition
Lateral pectoral nerve innervates superior aspect
medial pectoral nerve innervates inferior aspect (and pec minor) |
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Term
| What is the axillary artery called proximally? |
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Definition
Subclavian artery
distally called brachial artery |
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Term
| What is the action of the pectoralis major? |
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Definition
Internal rotation of humerus
adduction
shoulder flexion |
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Term
| Describe the involvement of the intercostal muscles in the respiratory cycle. |
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Definition
External IC – runs down and anteriorly, starts posteriorly and ends at costochondral junction
Internal IC – runs down and posteriorly, starts at sternum and runs deep to external IC
Innermost IC – deep to chest plate
ALL – elevate ribs during forced inspiration,
Innermost IC – pull ribs down for forced expiration |
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Term
| What is a neurovascular bundle? |
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Definition
| A grouping of arteries, veins, and nerves in one location |
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Term
| Name 2 neurovascular bundles encountered thus far. |
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Definition
| Thorocoacromial artery and vein, and intercostal |
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Term
| Other than muscles what is found in the intercostal spaces. |
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Definition
Intercostal membranes, intercostal veins and arteries, intercostal nerves, collateral nerves and vessels
INTERCOSTAL NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE |
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