Term
|
Definition
| skin and subcutaneous tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Brain, nerves, eyes and ears |
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Term
|
Definition
Thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary gland.
Pancreas |
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Term
|
Definition
| Heart, blood, and blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Trachea, lungs, larynx, and diaphragm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines |
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Term
|
Definition
| Kidneys, Urethra, and urinary bladder |
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Term
|
Definition
ovaries and uterus
Prostate gland and testes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Standing upright facing forward
Arms by your side with palms facing forward
Feet slightly apart |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| bone mineral; calcifies to create bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Cylinders if bone matrix with osteocytes in concentric rings around the central Haversian canal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inner membrane that covers the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| contain osteocytes in bone and chondrocytes in cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Stomach,spleen, and Left Kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ascending colon, Right kidney, and small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small intestine,stomach, and pancreas |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small intestine, Left kidney, and descending colon |
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Term
|
Definition
| Right fallopian tube, right ovaries, and appendix |
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Term
|
Definition
| Uterus, Urinary bladder, and small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sigmoid colon, Left ovary, and Left Fallopian tube |
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Term
|
Definition
Diffusion
- Nephron, Bowman's capsule, renal glomerulus, and Kidneys |
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Term
|
Definition
Resist Abrasion and penetration by foreign organism
- Kernatinized:epidermis of the skin
- Nonkeratinized: lines of oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Surface cells change from round to squamous
- Gall bladder and Urinary Bladder |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Secretion or Reabsorption
- thyroid gland and salivary glands
(glandular epithelium); kidney
tubules. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Absorption and Secretion of mucus
- Digestive system, small and large intestines, Villi and microvilli, and goblet cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sweep material across cell surface
-nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and large bronchial tubes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Goblet cells
- Secrete mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Have duct
- Salivary, sweat, and sebaceous glands |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Ductless and secrete hormone for target cells
- Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Secrete digestive enzymes carried by ducts to the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans
- secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon directly into the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Connective tissue
- Under dermis
-Collagen (strong) and elastin (elastic),Fibroblasts, Mast cells
WBCs (infiltration or self-locomotion) |
|
|
Term
| Adipose tissue (Connective) |
|
Definition
| Cushion organs, energy storage, thermoregulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Leptin: Signal the hypothalamus
2. Resistin:regulate the action of insulin glucose and fat metabolism
3. Adiponectin: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activate whit blood cellls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poor bloody supply, parallel collagen fibers and few cells
- tendons and ligaments |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Stretch and recoil; elastin fibers
-alveoli and aorta |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Osteocytes in a matrix of calcium salts and collagen
-Support, Protect, storage (Ca2+), Contain and protect red bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chondrocytes in a flexible protein matrix
1. Trachea-- airway open
2. Surfaces of bones--prevent friction
3. Tip of nose and outer ear-- Support
4. Between vertebrae-- Absorb shock |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Between the skin and muscles; adipose tissue stores fat |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Covers each bone; contains blood vessels that enter the bone
Anchors tendons and ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Covers cartilage; contains capillaries, the only blood supply for
cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lines joint cavities; secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction when joints move |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Covers each skeletal muscle; anchors tendons |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Forms a sac around the heart; lined by the serous parietal
pericardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Striated and voluntary
- multinuceli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involuntary, single nucleus with no striations
-peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One or more nucleus, striations, and intercalated discs, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carries impulses away from the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carry impulses toward the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous fluid
- Provides cushion between bones and tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Simple squamous epithelium
- Pleural
- Peritoneum
- Pericardium
- Mesentary |
|
|
Term
Pleural Membrane
-Serous (Epithelial) |
|
Definition
Visceral and Parietal pleura
- Serous Fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the outer membrane which is attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers the surface of each lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to reduce friction when lungs expand and recoil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines the fibrous pericardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inner layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fold of tissue that attaches organs to the body wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| line respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts. |
|
|
Term
| Mucosa of stratified squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucosa of ciliated epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucosa of columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer covering sac of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms a sac around the heart; lined by the serous parietal
pericardium (cardiac tamponade) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis aka Subcutaneous tissue |
|
|
Term
| Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has no capillaries but nerve endings are present
- Major layers:
1. Stratum corneum
2.Stratum germinativum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water proof and outer most layer
- Filled with keratin
- Rate limiting barrier for transdermal drug delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deepest level of epidermis so it is close to the dermis
- Living cell: New cells are always being made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Keratinocytes
2.Melanocytes
3. Merkel Cells
4. Langerhans cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produce keratin, Vitamin D synthesis, synthesize defensins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produces melanin for protection from UV radiation.
- Skin color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA: Dendritic cells
- Activate immune response
- Phagocytize foreign material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Responsible for touch receptors
- Sensory nerve endings for touch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rich supply of nerves and vessels
Temperature regulation control
Contains arterioles and sweat glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Papillary Layer
2. Reticular Layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has dermis papillae and has an abundant amount of capillaries
- Nourishes the epidermis and the dermis
- Increases contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis
-strong elastic network |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous gland (Oil gland) |
|
Definition
Produce sebum (oil) , inhibit bacteria growth
and prevent dry skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Apocrine, Eccrine, and Modified apocrine gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only found in the Axillary, anal and genital areas only
- Give individual odor
- Ducts open in hair follicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- True sweat 99% water
- Open through pores for temperature control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made up of areolar tissue and adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contains stored energy in the form of true fats
• Cushions bony prominences
• Provides some insulation from cold
• Contributes to appetite
• Contributes to use of insulin
• Produces cytokines that activate WBCs |
|
|
Term
| Areolar connective tissue |
|
Definition
Connects skin to muscles
• Contains many WBCs to destroy pathogens that enter
breaks in the skin
• Contains mast cells that release histamine, leukotrienes,
and other chemicals involved in inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most dangerous type of skin cancer |
|
|
Term
| Bone mineral density measures |
|
Definition
| the mineral (calcium) density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| without calcium salt precipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic agents target |
|
Definition
| the bone and fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates the amount of calcium in the bone matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collagen and Calcium salts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Release calcium from the diet into the blood |
|
|
Term
| Calcium salts aggregate to form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hardness and strength
1. Osteonectin
2. Osteopontin
3. Osteocalcin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Compact bone
2. Spongy Bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteons = Haversian system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cylinders of bone matrix with osteocytes in concentric rings around central haversian canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Visible holes with out the haversian system and contain RED BONE MARROW |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood cells and platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Make Extracellular matrix (Collagen and Hydroxyapatite) to form bone and calcify cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reabsorb and dissolve (Acidification + Protease) the bone matrix and minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osteoblasts in the third month of fetal development |
|
|
Term
| Ossification is the process of |
|
Definition
| Osteoblasts forming bone matrices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long bone growth is due to |
|
Definition
| Epiphyseal discs and Diaphysis |
|
|
Term
| Epiphyseal discs function |
|
Definition
| Produce cartilage by chondrocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elongation in shaft marrow canal |
|
|
Term
| DURING BIRTH THE BONE MARROW IS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AFTER BIRTH THE BONE MARROW IS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that affect bone growth is |
|
Definition
| Heredity, Nutrition, Hormones, and Exercise |
|
|
Term
| Nutritional vitamins for bone growth is |
|
Definition
| Calcium, phosphorus, and Protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GH, thyroxine, parathyroid, and insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
- Increases rate of chondrocytes and osteoblasts
- Increases rate of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the thyroid gland
- Increases rate of protein synthesis and energy production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the pancreas
- Increases energy production from glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the parathyroid glands
- Increases the reabsorption of calcium levels in blood
- Bone to blood
- Small intestines to kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the thyroid gland
-Decreases the calcium blood level
- By decreasing bone calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the ovaries
- Increases the closure of epiphyses
- Stops bone growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the testes
- Increases calcium in the bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribs, Shoulder blade, hip bone, and cranial bone |
|
|
Term
| Examples of irregular bones |
|
Definition
| Vertebrae and facial bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skeleton has two divisions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skull, Vertebral column, and rib cage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arms, legs, shoulder, and pelvic girdles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Sphenoid and Ethmoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Middle ear cavity
Inner ear labyrinth
External auditory meatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foramen magnum and the condyles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sella turcica
- Protects the pituitary gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crista galli, Cribriform plate, and Olfactory formina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anchors the cranial meninges |
|
|
Term
| Olfactory foramina function |
|
Definition
| transmits olfactory nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immovable joints between the cranial bones
-Coronal, Squamosal, Lambdoidal, Sagittal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mandible(1)
Maxillae (2-3)
Lacramal (6-7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Joint formed between the temporal bone and the mandible bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contains lacrimal sac
- A passageway for the tears and leads downward into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posterior portion of hard palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms lower part of the nasal septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms the sides of the nasal cavities
- Increases the surface area of the nasal mucosa giving warm air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease the weight of the skull and is the resonance of the voice |
|
|
Term
| Paranasal sinuses are located in |
|
Definition
| the maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opens into the middle ear
- Air cavity in the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Malleus, Incus, and stapes
- It transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the receptors in the eardrum |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Fontanels in infants |
|
Definition
| is less protected and is a location to find their heart beat |
|
|
Term
| A suture in parietal bones |
|
Definition
Sagittal suture
- Joint between two parietal bones |
|
|
Term
| Components of the occipital lobe |
|
Definition
| Foramen magnum, Condyles, and Lambdoidal suture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large opening for the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oval projection on either side of the foramen magnum
- articulate with the atlas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Joint between occipital and parietal bones |
|
|
Term
| Veterbral column components |
|
Definition
C7
T12
L5
5 sacral bones= sacrum
1 Coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous tunnel lined with meninges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracic Vertebrae articulate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar Vertebrae articulate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Atlanto-occipital
2. Atlanto-odontoid
3. Atlano-axial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force the nucleus pulposus out posteriorly, where it puts pressure on a spinal nerve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an exaggerated thoracic curve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an exaggerated lumbar curve |
|
|
Term
| External intercostal muscles |
|
Definition
| enlarging the chest cavity and contributing to inhalation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribs 1-7
-articulate with the sternum by costal cartilages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribs 8-10
- Join at 7th rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribs 11-12
- Does not connect with sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms a ball-and-socket joint with the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms a ball-and-socket joint with the scapula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms a hinge joint (elbow) with the semilunar notch of the ulna. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on the little finger side of forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Have eight small bones
- Gliding joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Saddle joint
- Allows thumb to cross over palm and grip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each hip bone has three major parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pubic bones articulate with one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms a ball and socket joint at hip with the femur bone
- Femur attaches to acetabulum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hinge and Ball n socket joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weight bearing bone of the lower leg
- tibial tuberosity and medial malleolus(inner ankle) |
|
|
Term
| Fibula is NOT apart of the |
|
Definition
Knee joint
- It is apart of the lateral malleolus(outer ankle) |
|
|
Term
| Malleoli of tibia and fibula overlap the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have seven bones in the ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tarsal that transmits weight between the calcaneus and tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suture fibrous connective tissue between bone surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symphysis discs of fibrous cartilage between bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ball and Socket movement in all planes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encloses the joint in a strong sheath |
|
|
Term
| Muscular system is made up of |
|
Definition
| Muscle fibers and tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fascia of the muscle and the periosteum of the bone |
|
|
Term
| All muscle cells are specialized for |
|
Definition
| Contractions (Shorten) , movement at the joints, and heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue that covers bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immovable/Stationary attachement |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Origin attachment |
|
Definition
| Scapula/ Scapula and Humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of insertion attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tissue covering the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unit of contraction in a muscle fiber. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell membrane of a muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
| Contains receptor sites for Ach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical inactivator of Ach is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endoplasmic reticulum for a muscle fiber and a reservoir for calcium ions |
|
|
Term
| Ion that is essential for muscle contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural units of a myofibril
- Actin and myosin |
|
|
Term
| Which band shortens during muscle contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coordination is regulated by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slight contraction of muscle |
|
|
Term
| so that the muscle as a whole does not become fatigued alternate muscle fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle tone is also regulated by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two types of muscle contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bring about movement
Ex: Walking, jogging, swimming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contraction with no Movement |
|
|
Term
| Isometric Exercises increase |
|
Definition
| Muscle tone and Muscle strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the brain's ability to know where our muscles are and what they are doing (Unconscious) |
|
Definition
| Muscle Sense = Proprioception |
|
|
Term
| Stretch receptors/ Muscle spindles |
|
Definition
| Detect change in the length of a muscle as it is stretched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct energy source for muscle contraction is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary source for ATP production is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most abundant energy source in muscle fiber is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycogen is broken down to produce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glucose is metabolized to produce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatty acid oxidation creates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moving the muscle back to original position
- Act against the shortening |
|
|
Term
| Muscles in the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
| Ishiocavernosus, Transverse perineus, Levator ani, External anal sphincter, Coccygeus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flexes and adducts the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extends and adducts the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extends and adducts the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biceps brachii and Brachioradialis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the Hip and Leg |
|
Definition
| Move the thigh, pelvic bone, and the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Movement of the foot depends on lower leg muscles of |
|
Definition
| Gastrocnemius and tibialis |
|
|
Term
| Gastrocnemius muscle is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abduct, Flex, and extend the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Biceps brachii and Triceps brachii are |
|
Definition
| The muscles that form the bulk of your forearm to flex/extend the hand and fingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulls away from the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Towards your midline
- By your side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rectus abdominis, Sacrospinalis, Trapezius, Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Intercostal muscles, and Diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Raise the shoulder blade and extend the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulls the arm across the chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulls the arm downward and behind the back
- Extension and adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between thoracic and abdominal cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Move head/neck, facial expressions, and chewing |
|
|
Term
| Sternocleidomastoids (flexion) |
|
Definition
| Turn/bend head, Smile, frown/raise eyebrows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moving bone around its longitudinal axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Points the toes
- Lowers the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elevate the foot
- Walk on heels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramuscular injections are used because of |
|
Definition
| Rapid absorption and it bypasses the first-pass metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Common sites of intracellular injections are |
|
Definition
| Gluteus medius, Vastus lateralis, and Deltoid |
|
|
Term
| During intramuscular injections you want to avoid |
|
Definition
| Sciatic and radial nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inability of muscles to relax
-Spasms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical that disrupt the regular function of the nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Tetanus bacteria stop the release of |
|
Definition
GABA and glycine
- Causing a tetanic spasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of food poisioning |
|
|
Term
| Botulism bacteria decrease |
|
Definition
| the release of ACh leading to paralysis |
|
|
Term
| Without ACh muscles cannot |
|
Definition
| Contract and become paralyzed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an autoimmune disorder where self-antibodies destroy ACh receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High rate of action potential which causes a sustained contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loss of nerve supply
- Muscle atrophy and Muscle paralysis |
|
|
Term
| Excitation/contraction coupling |
|
Definition
| Nerve impluse cause depolarization, myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of sarcomere, sarcomere gets shorter(Contraction) |
|
|
Term
| Depolarization/Excitability is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polarization is maintained by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depolarization and Repolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACh increases permeability of sodium ions
- Sodium influx
- Action potential
- Calcium influx by T Tubules |
|
|
Term
| During depolarization an influx of sodium ions cause |
|
Definition
| a reverse on the sarcolemma charge |
|
|
Term
| During repolarization the |
|
Definition
permeability for Potassium ion increase
- Efflux
- Sodium/Potassium ATPase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Polarized resting potential
2. Depolarization
3. Repolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potassium ions and negative ions are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the center of the sarcomere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anchoring myosin to Z lines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Work together to perform a function |
|
|
Term
| Example of synergistic muscles |
|
Definition
Biceps brachii + Brachioradialis+ Brachialis
- Chin ups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distance and direction a joint can move to its fullest potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goniometer and it measures the angle from axis of the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myogenic muscular pump with four chambers |
|
|
Term
| The heart is located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the tip of the heart pointing downward and is above the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A double walled sac that encloses the heart |
|
|
Term
| Outermost layer of the heart composed of fibrous connective tissue is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Folded epithelial membrane that divides into visceral and parietal layers of the heart containing serous fluid is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Area between the parietal and visceral layers containing the serous fluid and provides cushioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connective and adipose tissue, coronary vessels, nerves, and thin layer of myocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cardiac muscle, coronary vessels, connective tissue, and nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collagen, Elastic tissue, Endothelial cells, and Myocardium |
|
|
Term
| In the epicardium is the Purkinje fibers that are in the |
|
Definition
| Conduction Pathway = Subendocardial layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| send nerve impulses to the cells in the ventricles of the heart to contract or pump blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generate their own action potentials and spread rapidly from cell to cell through intercalated discs |
|
|
Term
| Myocytes are characterized by |
|
Definition
| Striations, Involuntary, Abundance of mitochondria, and Intercalated discs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Permit electrical uncoupling between cells by myocytes and gap junctions |
|
|
Term
| The chambers of the heart are |
|
Definition
| Right and left Atrium and Ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Atria receives blood from the |
|
Definition
| Vena Cava and the pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
| The atria empties blood into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ventricle receives blood from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ventricles pump blood into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricular septum is located |
|
Definition
| Between the right atrium and the Left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricular septum is made up of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricular septums function is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interatrial septum is located |
|
Definition
between the right atrium and the left atrium
-muscular portion |
|
|
Term
| Interatrial septum is made up of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interventrical septum is located |
|
Definition
In the medial wall of the left ventricle
- Between the right ventricle and the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Control the one direction flow of the blood |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac valves structure is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fibrous ring that supports the valves leaflets |
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricle valves inflow into the |
|
Definition
| Ventricles and open into the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| On the RIGHT atroventricular valve is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tricuspid valve is composed of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On the LEFT atroventricular valve is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bicuspid Valve is composed of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semilunar(Aortic) valves flow out |
|
Definition
| of the Ventricles at the junction and open into the Arteries |
|
|
Term
| Aortic valve = Semilunar valve |
|
Definition
| It is the outflow valve for the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Valve = Semilunar valve |
|
Definition
| lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. |
|
|
Term
| Structures associated with the atrioventricular valves is |
|
Definition
| Papillary Muscles and Chordae tendineae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small muscular projections from the wall of ventricles that anchor the valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thread-like fibrous strands which extend from the papillary muscles to the leaflets of the valves |
|
|
Term
| Right atrium/ventricle recieves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right atrium receives from blood from |
|
Definition
| Coronary sinus, Superior vena cava, Inferior Vena Cava |
|
|
Term
| Left atrium/ventricle receives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left atrium receives blood from |
|
Definition
| Left and right pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
| Atrial appendage contains the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small conical and muscular projections of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk through the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left ventricle recieves oxygenated blood from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta through the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrous skeleton of the heart |
|
Definition
| Connect the rings of the heart valves, support the heart, anchors leaflets, insertion point for myocardium, contributes to atrioventricular septum |
|
|
Term
| Fibrous skeleton separates the |
|
Definition
| Atrial myocardium from the ventricular myocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrical insulation between the chambers |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Conduction Pathway |
|
Definition
| Specific route that electrical impulses follow throughout the myocardium |
|
|
Term
| Pacemaker cell = Sinoatrial node |
|
Definition
| Undergo spontaneous depolarization and initiate electric impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to spontaneously generate an electrical impulse (depolarize) |
|
|
Term
| Automaticity is regulated by the |
|
Definition
| Nerve and Endocrine System |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, Atrial, Ventricle
SA, AV, Atrial, Ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conduct electrical wave more rapidly than cardiac cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contract when electrically depolarize |
|
|
Term
| Sinoatrial node is located |
|
Definition
| In the right atrium and the Superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conductive muscle cells of the atrium |
|
|
Term
| Atrioventricular node is located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atrioventricular node has a |
|
Definition
| Conduction delay to ensure blood is in the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The atrioventricular septum |
|
|
Term
| Bundle branch and Purkinje System are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autonomic Nervous System has two divisions |
|
Definition
| Parasympathetic and Sympathetic |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic impulses from the Vagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contractility
- Ventricles |
|
|
Term
| Blood exchange happens in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HEART to ARTERIES to ARTERIOLES to CAPILLARIES to VENULES to VEINS to VENA CAVA to HEART |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Blood Circulatory System |
|
Definition
| RIGHT VENTRICLE to PULMONARY TRUNK to RIGHT/LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES to PULMONARY CAPILLARY BED to RIGHT/LEFT VEIN to LEFT ATRIUM |
|
|
Term
| Systemic Blood Circulatory System |
|
Definition
| LEFT VENTRICLE to AORTA/ LARGE ARTERIES to MEDIUM ARTERIES to ARTERIOLES to CAPILLARIES to VENULES to VEINS to VENA CAVA to RIGHT ATRIUM |
|
|
Term
| Structure of Blood vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tunica externa, media, intima |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endothelium and internal elastic lamina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle and external elastic lamina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerves and fibrous connective |
|
|
Term
| Three type of blood vessels |
|
Definition
| Arteries, Capillaries, and veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transport blood away from the heart
- Elastic and muscular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Site of exchange for oxygen and nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transport the blood back to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elastic, distributive, and arterioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is the aorta and it has elastic tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Highly contractile and effect organ blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Major resistance vessels
- regulated by nervous/hormonal activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood from arteioles to venules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous, Fenestrated, Discontinuous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intercellular gap junctions and basement mem
-Fat, lung, muscle, CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opening from within the endothelial cell and intact with basal membrane
- Intestinal villi |
|
|
Term
| Discontinuous capillaries = Sinusoids |
|
Definition
Free exchange of proteins and blood cells
- Liver, spleen, Bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| Pre-capillary/Post-capillary Sphincters |
|
Definition
| Restrict or dilate depending on the need of the tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell after binding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Close to the surface of the body and have no arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deeper in the body and have arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From the capillary network and have smooth muscle cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides oxygenated blood to myocardium and removes waste from myocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recieves most of the blood from the veins |
|
|
Term
| Coronary sinus empties blood in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal carotid arteries supply blood to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertebral arteries supply blood to the |
|
Definition
| Cerebellum, Brain stem, underside of the cerebrum |
|
|
Term
| Circle of Willis is composed of |
|
Definition
| Basilar artery, internal carotid, posterior communicating artery, middle cerebral artery,and anterior communicating artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deflated with no pulmonary circulation |
|
|
Term
| Fetal circulation is exchanged by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connects fetus to placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two arteries and One vein |
|
|
Term
| Ductus Venosus carries blood FROM Umbilical Vein |
|
Definition
| to the Vena Cava and the Right atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an opening in the interatrial septum |
|
|
Term
| Foramen Ovale shunts oxygenated blood from |
|
Definition
| the right to the left atrium |
|
|
Term
| Ductus ateriosus before birth |
|
Definition
| redirects blood from the right ventricle to the aorta |
|
|
Term
| Ductus ateriosus after birth |
|
Definition
| redirects blood from right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Ascending aorta branches into the |
|
Definition
| right and left coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| Aortic arch supplies blood to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thoracic and abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chest cavity through diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brachiocephalic, left subclavian, and left common carotid arteries |
|
|
Term
| Brachiocephalic = innominate artery consists of |
|
Definition
| Right common carotid artery and right subclavian |
|
|
Term
| Right common carotid artery has the |
|
Definition
| internal and external carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| Right subclavian is located in the |
|
Definition
| shoulder behind the clavicle into the arm |
|
|
Term
| Left common carotid artery has the |
|
Definition
| internal and external carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| Subclavian artery branches into |
|
Definition
| Right internal thoracic, axillary, brachial, ulnar, and radial arteries |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic artery (Bronchial artery) supplies the |
|
Definition
| Bronchioles and connective tissue of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Abdominal artery supplies the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Celiac artery (abdominal artery) branches to supply the |
|
Definition
Liver, stomach, spleen and pancreas
- Unpaired artery |
|
|
Term
| Paired abdominal arteries are the |
|
Definition
| Renal (kidneys), Gonads (Testes and Ovaries) and two Common iliacs |
|
|
Term
| At L4 paired abdominal arteries branch into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches of iliac arteries are the |
|
Definition
| Internal and external iliac, Femoral, and Posterior/Anterior arteries |
|
|
Term
| Internal iliac arteries supply the |
|
Definition
| Bladder, pelvic, and rectum |
|
|
Term
| External iliac arteries supply the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoral artery supply the |
|
Definition
| down the Thigh, knee (popliteal), and anterior tibia/posterior tibia artery |
|
|
Term
| Anterior tibia artery have the |
|
Definition
| plantar arches and the doralis pedis artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plantar arches and the peroneal arches artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The great saphaneous vein is used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase surface area of the intestinal tract for absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two cavities per nostril separated by septum |
|
|
Term
| Nasal Cavity characterisitics |
|
Definition
| Hair, Ciliated epithelium, Goblet cells, Beating cilia, conchae, olfactory receptors, and Paranasal sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, and Maxillary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trap particles and Bacteria, remove particles and bacteria, warm and moisten ari, detect chemical vapors, Lighten skull and resonate voice, drug delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eustachian tubes, soft palate, and pharyngeal tonsil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium, Palatine tonsil, Lingual tonsil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Merger and separation of passageways for air and food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Voice box, Connects pharynx to trachea, Cartilage in walls keeps airways open, lined by ciliated epithelium, cilia sweep upwards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epiglottis, Larynx box, Tracheal rings, Vocal cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connects larynx to bronchi, Goblet cells, ciliated epithelium, Walls of C-shaped cartilage, Primary bronchi |
|
|
Term
| Walls of C shaped cartilage |
|
Definition
| Keep airways open allowing esphogaus to expand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enter lungs and open in right and left lung |
|
|
Term
| Bronchial tree is created by |
|
Definition
| Division of primary bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bronchioles lined with smooth muscle
- No cartilage |
|
|
Term
| Blood and gas exchange occur in the |
|
Definition
| Respiratory bronchiole, Alveolar duct, Atrium, Alveolar sac, Alveolus |
|
|
Term
| Bronchial arteries supply blood |
|
Definition
| to the bronchi and connective tissue which arise from the thoracic aorta |
|
|
Term
| Bronchioles artery supply blood to |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary and systemic circulation in lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in chest cavity and enclosed by ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two lobes
- Superior and Inferior lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three lobes
- Superior, Middle, Inferior |
|
|
Term
| Apex of lungs is located at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Base of lung is located at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indentation with bronchus, blood vessels, and lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Pleural membrane surrounds the lungs |
|
Definition
| Visceral and Parietal membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Functional unit of the lung is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Structure of the alveolus is lined |
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Definition
by alveolar type 1 cells
- Squamous epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Elastic fibers between alveoli |
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Definition
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Term
| Alveolus is surrounded by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Easiness of lung expansion
- refers to either dynamic or static lung compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in volume for any given applied pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological dead space |
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Term
| Rhythm breathing is caused by |
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Definition
| inspiration center in medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| Generates nerve impulses, rhythmic spurts, CO2,H simulation |
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Term
| Baroreceptors in lungs defleat inflation causing |
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Definition
| Negative feedback signal sent to inspiration muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Greater in the atmospheric than alveolar
- (-4mmg) |
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Term
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Definition
| Diaphragm and intercostal muscle |
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Term
| Inhalation is active process |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Intrapulmonic pressure drops below |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease in pulmonary compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in pulmonary compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| increases pulmonary compliance |
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