Term
| What portion of the head contains the occipital lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cavity contains the stomach, liver, intestines, bladder, rectum, and the reproductive organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for the gluteal region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the orientation term promixal and distal. |
|
Definition
-Proximal is towards the trunk on the limb
-Distal is away from the trunk of the limb |
|
|
Term
| What is the regional term for the anterior surface of the elbow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for the carpal region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cavity contains the lungs and heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In humans, what is the difference between the directional terms anterior and ventral? |
|
Definition
| Anterior and ventral mean the same thing |
|
|
Term
| What organ system contains the skeletal muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organ system covers the external surface of the body and manufactures vitamin D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the study of the Function of the body and body parts called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ovary is part of which two systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue can goblet cells be found in? |
|
Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells that are specialized to fight disease |
|
|
Term
| What are types of cells are microvilli? |
|
Definition
| Cells that are specialized for absorption |
|
|
Term
| What are two types of endocytosis? |
|
Definition
-Phagocytosis
-Pinocytosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the mitochondria? |
|
Definition
| Production of ATP(energy) through the process of cellular respiration |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the golgi apparatus? |
|
Definition
| Package and process proteins |
|
|
Term
| Where can smooth muscle be found? |
|
Definition
| The walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of vessels |
|
|
Term
| what type of tissue is found in lymph nodes, the spleen and bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Reticular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining kidney tubules? |
|
Definition
| Simple cuboidal epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue is fat? |
|
Definition
| Adipose tissue (connective tissue) |
|
|
Term
| Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found? |
|
Definition
| Areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are stratum germinativum cells? |
|
Definition
| Epidermal cells that are actively mitotic and replace superficial cells that are continually rubbed |
|
|
Term
| Whatcauses the "tanning" effect that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fingernails and toenails are composed of what material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the categories of epithelial tissue membranes? |
|
Definition
-Mucous
-Cutaneous
-Serous
-Synovial |
|
|
Term
| How do physicians estimate the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do eccrine glands secrete? |
|
Definition
| 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C |
|
|
Term
| Describe the function of arrector pili muscles. |
|
Definition
| In an attempt to warm the body up when cold, the arrector pili muscles contract |
|
|
Term
| Describe the hypodermis level of skin |
|
Definition
| 3rd layer of skin (adipose tissue) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the function of keratin in the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors could indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the skin synthesize vitamin D? |
|
Definition
| It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D |
|
|
Term
| Acne and seborrhea are caused by problems with what glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of what nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An action potential is caused by an influx of what ions into the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a synaptic cleft? |
|
Definition
| A gap between two communicating neurons |
|
|
Term
| Afferent nerves are called ________, and motor nerves are called ________? |
|
Definition
-Sensory nerves
-Efferent nerves |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to respond to stimulus |
|
|
Term
| What is the sequence in a typical reflex arc? |
|
Definition
-Receptor
-Afferent/Sensory neuron
-Integration/Control center
-Efferent/motor
-Effector |
|
|
Term
| What structures make up the peripheral nervous system? |
|
Definition
-Spinal nerves
-Cranial nerves |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the olfactory nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a neurotransmitter? |
|
Definition
| The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse |
|
|
Term
| What structures make up the central nervous system? |
|
Definition
-Brain and brain stem
-Spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Which neuron process normally receives incoming stimuli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the path of light takes as it passes through the eye. |
|
Definition
1. Cornea
2. Aqueous Humor
3. Pupil
4. Lens
5. Vitreous Humor
6. Retina
7. Optic nerve
8. Visual area of the brain |
|
|
Term
| When does sensorineural deafness occur? |
|
Definition
| When there's is damage done or degeneration of receptor cells of the spiral organ of corti (cochlea) |
|
|
Term
| What is the fovea Centralia? |
|
Definition
| The area of the retina with the greatest visual activity. |
|
|
Term
| The three sets of color receptors within the human retina are sensitive to what wavelengths of visible light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The decreased lens elasticity associated with aging that makes it difficult to focus on near objects |
|
|
Term
| The highly contagious bacterial infection known as "pinkeye" is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland produces tears in the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are equilibrium receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Inner ear (semi-circular canals) |
|
|
Term
| Where are the hair cells that function as hearing receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Spiral organ of corti (cochlea) |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway of vibrations through the ossicles from the eardrum to the oval window? |
|
Definition
-Malleus/hammer
-Incus/anvil
-Stapes/stirrup |
|
|
Term
| An ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary taste sensations? |
|
Definition
-Sweet
-Salty
-Sour
-Bitter
-Umami |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enlarged tip of the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The male gonads that have two functions
-Sperm
-Testosterone-producing |
|
|
Term
| What does the bulbourethral gland produce? |
|
Definition
| Thick, clear mucus that cleanses the urethra of acidic urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process in which sperm are streamlined into a head, midpiece, and tail. |
|
|
Term
| What is the female structure that corresponds to the male penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is a woman considered to be in menopause |
|
Definition
| When she has gone a year without menstruation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inner mucosal layer of the uterus that is slough off approximately every 28 days |
|
|
Term
| What is the corpus luteum? |
|
Definition
| A special glandular structure of the ovaries that primarily produce progesterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clusters of specific glands that produce milk when a woman is lactating |
|
|
Term
| Where does fertilization usually occur? |
|
Definition
| Uterine (Fallopian) tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The narrow outlet of the uterus that projects into the vagina |
|
|
Term
| Irregular uterine contractions called Braxton Hicks are also known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are _______ vertebrae in the neck region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the hypoid bone unique? |
|
Definition
| it is the only bone in the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone |
|
|
Term
| What three bones fuse to form the sternum? |
|
Definition
-Manubrium
-Body
-Xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
| List the ribs in order from superior to inferior |
|
Definition
-True ribs
-False ribs
-Floating ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the fibula located? |
|
Definition
| Lateral bone of the lower leg |
|
|
Term
| What type of bone is the patella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the bones of the fingers and toes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most important mineral stored in bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the canal that runs through the core of each osteon contai? |
|
Definition
-Blood vessels
-Nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of yellow marrow in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much movement do amphiarthroses joints allow? |
|
Definition
-Amphiathroses permit only slight degrees of movement
-Synarthroses permits no movement |
|
|
Term
| What are irregular bones? |
|
Definition
-They are bones that vary in shape and structure and don't fit into the other categories. (Long, flat, short, or sesamoid)
Ex: Coxal Bones |
|
|
Term
| What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you feel if a bone's length is still increasing? |
|
Definition
| The episyseal plate is present |
|
|
Term
| What factors determine where the bone matrix is to be remodeled? |
|
Definition
-Stress of gravity
-Muscle pull on the skeleton |
|
|
Term
| What is a compound fracture? |
|
Definition
| The broken bone is exposed to the outside |
|
|
Term
| What is a greenstick fracture? |
|
Definition
A fracture that is more common in children
-More collagen in matrix
-More flexible |
|
|
Term
| What are the small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a comminuted fracture? |
|
Definition
| A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments |
|
|
Term
| What fracture is common in osteoporotic bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four stages of bone fracture healing? |
|
Definition
-Hematoma formation
-Fibrocartilage callus formation
-Bony callus formation
-Bone remodeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe skeletal muscle tissue |
|
Definition
-Single very long cylindrical cells
-Multinuceate
-Striated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The contractile unit of muscle between two Z dics |
|
|
Term
| What powerful sucking muscle is developed in nursing infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "thick filament" composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structures that make up a skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
-Fascicle
-Muscule fiber
-Myofibril
-Sarcomere
-Myofilament |
|
|
Term
| What muscle is the antagonist of the biceps brachii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle tissue has involuntary control? |
|
Definition
-Cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Uninucleate cells
-Striations
-Involuntary
-Rhythmic contractions |
|
|
Term
| During skeletal muscle contraction, what do the myosin cross bridges attach to? |
|
Definition
| Active sites of the acting filament |
|
|
Term
| What does anaerobic mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What function do calcium ions perform during skeletal muscle contraction? |
|
Definition
| Expose myosin binding sites on actin |
|
|
Term
| What muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the movement of abduction |
|
Definition
| Movement of a limb laterally away from the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Where does the soleus insert? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscles are responsible for thigh flexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle group works with and assist the action of a prime mover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are responsible for the flexion and extension of the arm? |
|
Definition
-Biceps Brachii
-Triceps Brachii
-Brachialis
-Latissimus Dorsi |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the extensor digitorum longus |
|
Definition
| Extension of the lateral four toes |
|
|
Term
| Describe the main functions of the muscular system. |
|
Definition
-Production of movement
-Maintenance of posture
-Stabilization of joints
-Generation of heat (thermal energy) |
|
|
Term
| What causes muscle fatigue? |
|
Definition
| insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP die to excessive consumption |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the orbicularis oris? |
|
Definition
| Closes, purses, and protrudes the lips |
|
|
Term
| What muscle group is responsible for flexing the knee? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the adductot muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes polycythemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for hemophilia? |
|
Definition
-Transfusion of plasma
-Injections of missing clotting factor |
|
|
Term
| What blood type is the universal recipient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of what vitamin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood formation occurs in the red bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What is the matrix of blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are ABO blood groups determined? |
|
Definition
| A and B antigens on the red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| Which white blood cells are the most numerous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A clot that breaks away from a vessel wall and circulating freely within the blood stream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process where by the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBC's to clump. |
|
|
Term
| What type of antigens are on type O blood? |
|
Definition
| Type O blood has no antigens on the red blood cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to RH antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the tricuspid valve located? |
|
Definition
| Between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| What veins empty blood from the kidneys? |
|
Definition
The renal veins
-Right and left |
|
|
Term
| Where is the sinoatrial node located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the path of blood flow within the system vascular system |
|
Definition
1.Aorta
2.Arteries
3.Arterioles
4.Capillary beds
5.Venules
6.Veins
7.Superior and inferior Vena cava |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the bicuspid valve? |
|
Definition
| Prevent blood from flowing from the left ventricle to the left atrium |
|
|
Term
| What does the superior vena cava transport where? |
|
Definition
| Deoxygenated blood into the right atrium |
|
|
Term
| What do the pulmonary veins transport where? |
|
Definition
| Oxygenated blood to the heart and the left atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heart beat over 100 beats per min |
|
|
Term
| What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate and cardiac output? |
|
Definition
| Decreases both heart rate and cardiac output |
|
|
Term
| What vessel carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes varicose veins? |
|
Definition
| Incompetent venous valves |
|
|
Term
| what is the serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to contaminated mucus in the trachea? |
|
Definition
| Cillia of the trachea beat continually to propel it toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The superior portion of the pharynx
-Top of the throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The flap of elastic cartilage that protects food from entering the larynx when swallowing |
|
|
Term
| How do the vocal cords function? |
|
Definition
| Vibration due to exhaled air results in speech |
|
|
Term
| What structure in the respiratory system allows for speech? |
|
Definition
| Larynx contains vocal cords |
|
|
Term
| How many lobes does each lung have? |
|
Definition
Right lung
-3 lobes
Left lung
-2 lobes |
|
|
Term
| How much air is exchanged during normal quiet breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| Both hard and soft plates |
|
|
Term
| What causes aspiration pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Obstruction of the trachea by a piece of food |
|
|
Term
| What tubes connect the middle ear to the nasopharynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are lingual tonsils located? |
|
Definition
| Lie at the base of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms? |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous and mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Where do B cells develop immunocompetence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major lymphoid organs? |
|
Definition
-Spleen
-Thymus gland
-Peyer's patches
-Tonsils
-Appendix
-Bone marrow
-Lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the thymus? |
|
Definition
Lymph organs that programs T-cells
-Functions at peak levels during youth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fluid that is forced out of capillary beds by hydrostatic and somatic pressures and into the tissue spaces |
|
|
Term
| What are the common indicators of the inflammatory response? |
|
Definition
-Redness
-Heat
-Swelling
-Pain |
|
|
Term
| What specific type of acquired immunity is obtained by a fetus acquiring maternal antibodies that cross the placenta? |
|
Definition
| Naturally acquired passive immunity |
|
|
Term
| What is used to heal a snake bite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of substances are typically perceived as pathogens? |
|
Definition
-Virus particles
-Fungi spores
-Bacteria
-Pollen grains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process |
|
|
Term
| What are the methods by which antibodies inactivate pathogens? |
|
Definition
-Agglutination
-Percipitation
-Neutralization
-Complement fixation |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
Transport food from pharynx to stomach
-No digestion function |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting |
|
|
Term
| Describe the order through which food passes through the alimentary canal. |
|
Definition
-Mouth
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestines
-Large intestines |
|
|
Term
| What accessory digestive organ produces enzymes that break down all food group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is carried to the duodenum through the pancreatic and bile duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Build up bile in the liver leading to bile pigments circulating through the body.
-Could cause tissue to turn yellow |
|
|
Term
| Bile is produced by the _____ but stored in the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can the enzyme amylase digest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during: |
|
Definition
| The electron transport chain |
|
|
Term
| What carbohydrate is the human digestive system unable to break down into simple sugars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the building blocks of proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the location of the kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Bowman's capsule? |
|
Definition
| The enlarged, cup-shaped closed end of the renal tubule that completely surrounds the glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A capillary bed in the nephron that is both fed and drained by arterioles |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the urethra? |
|
Definition
| Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
|
|
Term
| What are the renal pyramids? |
|
Definition
| Triangular regions of the kidneys that are stripped in appearance and separated by the renal columns |
|
|
Term
| Do the kidneys convert ammonia to bicarbonate ions? |
|
Definition
No, this is done by the liver
Kidneys
-Excrete nitrogenous waste
-Ensure proper blood pH
-Maintain water balance
-Maintain electrolyte balance |
|
|
Term
| What is aldosterone's effect on the kidneys? |
|
Definition
| It acts on the kidneys to regulate ion concentration of the extracellular fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of emptying the bladder |
|
|
Term
| What are the organs of the urinary system? |
|
Definition
-Kidneys
-Ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enlargement of the thyroid resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine |
|
|
Term
| Where is insulin produced? |
|
Definition
| Beta cells of the pancreatic islets |
|
|
Term
| What is melatonin's function? |
|
Definition
| The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycle |
|
|
Term
| What is a hormonal stimulus? |
|
Definition
| When an organ is prodded into action by other hormones. |
|
|
Term
| Where is epinephrine produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What element is necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of thyroid hormone? |
|
Definition
| The body's major metabolic hormone |
|
|
Term
| What effect does luteinizing hormone have on ovaries? |
|
Definition
| Triggers ovulation for an egg |
|
|
Term
| What organ is regulated by the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating the release of aldosterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the thyroid gland located? |
|
Definition
|
|
