Term
| what are the components of the posterior abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| lumbar vertebra, intervertebral discs, upper hip bone, psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus, quadratus lumborum, posterior transversus abdominis, lumbar diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
| iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| what is the origiin and insertion of the iliolumbar ligament |
|
Definition
| from transverse process of L5/L4 to posterior iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
| border of 12th rub and transverse process of upper 4 lumbar |
|
|
Term
| what innervates quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
| flex rib 2 holding it down against traction of diaphragm, lateral flexion of lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the peripherial part of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| margin of inferior thorasic aperature |
|
|
Term
| what is the peripherial part of the diaphragm made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the central part of the diaphragm made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the central part of the diaphgram |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the central tendon |
|
Definition
| where muscle fibers insert |
|
|
Term
| what are the three parts of the diaphgram |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the diaphgram is the smallest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the sternal diaphragm fibers originate |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of xyphoid |
|
|
Term
| were do the costal diaphragm fibers originate |
|
Definition
| interal surface of lower ribs and their costal cartilages |
|
|
Term
| where does the lumbar diaphragm fivers originate |
|
Definition
| right crus, left crus, median acurate ligament |
|
|
Term
| what does the right crus attach to |
|
Definition
| vertebral bodies of L1-3/4 and the intervetebral discs |
|
|
Term
| what does the left crus attach to |
|
Definition
| vertebral bodies of L1-2/3 and the intervetebral discs |
|
|
Term
| what does the acurate ligament attach to |
|
Definition
| the medial borders of the right and left cura |
|
|
Term
| what does the acurate ligament cover |
|
Definition
| the anterior surface of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the medial acurate ligament |
|
Definition
| body of L2 to tip of transverse process of L1 |
|
|
Term
| what does the medial acurate ligament cover |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of psoas major muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the lateral arcuate ligament |
|
Definition
| tip of transverse process of L1 to 12th rib |
|
|
Term
| what does teh lateral acurate ligament cover |
|
Definition
| anterior of the quadratus lumborum |
|
|
Term
| which dome of the diaphragm is higher, why |
|
Definition
| the right because of the liver on the left |
|
|
Term
| during expiration what rib level is the right done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during expiration what rib level is the left dome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| on which side of the body does the diaphragm attach down the most |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structures surround the aortic hiatus |
|
Definition
| body of T12, right and left cura, median acurate ligament |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the aortic haitus with the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the aortic hiatus in relation to the diaphgram |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the esophageal hiatus on the diaphgram in relation to the aortic hiatus |
|
Definition
| anterior, superior, and slightly left of the aortic haitus |
|
|
Term
| what goes through the esophageal hiatus with the esophagus |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior vagal trunks, esophageal branches of left gastric vessels |
|
|
Term
| where is the caval opening on the diaphgram in relation to the esophageal hiatus |
|
Definition
| anterior, superior and to the right, in the central tendon |
|
|
Term
| where do the splanchnic nerves pierce the diaphgram |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the sympathetic trunk pierce the diaphgram |
|
Definition
| posterior to medial acurate ligament |
|
|
Term
| where do the terminal branches of the right phrenic nerve pierce the diaphgram |
|
Definition
| central tendon, immediatly to the right of the IVC |
|
|
Term
| where do the terminal branches of the left phrenic nerve pierce the diaphgram |
|
Definition
| muscle anterior to central tendon and close to apex of heart |
|
|
Term
| what is the sternal costal triangle |
|
Definition
| small gap between the sternal and costal origins of the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what does the sternal costal triangle transmit |
|
Definition
| superior epigastric vessels, lymph vessels |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| phrenic, ventral rami of C3-5 |
|
|
Term
| what is the most important muscle in inspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| inspiration, abdominal pressure holding, andominal evacuation, helps in weight liting by preventing flexion, thoracoabdominal pump |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the thoracoabdominal pump |
|
Definition
| contraction and descent of the diaphragm increases intra abdominal pressure and decreases intro-thoracic pressure, helps blood in IVC to move up and into right atrium and lymph to thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
| what nerves does the lumbar plexus include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the lumbar plexus supply |
|
Definition
| anterior abdominal wall, external genitalia, lower limbs |
|
|
Term
| if L4 isnt fully committed to the lumbar plexus, who is it cheating with |
|
Definition
| joins L5 to form the lumbosacral trunk in the sacral plexus |
|
|
Term
| what are the three branches of L1 |
|
Definition
| iliohypograstric, ilioinguinal, lower branch that joins the genitofermoral |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior division of the lumbar plexus include and form |
|
Definition
| L2, L3, and L4 form the obtuartor |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior division of the lumbar plexus include and form |
|
Definition
| L2, L3, and L3 forming the femoral nerve |
|
|
Term
| what forms the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) |
|
Definition
| L2 and L2 of lumbar plexus |
|
|
Term
| what branches of the lumbar plexus form the lateral border of the psoas majow muscle |
|
Definition
| iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral femoral cutaneous, and femoral |
|
|
Term
| what branches of the lumbar plexus form the medial border of the psoas major muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches of the lumbar plexus form the anterior border of the psoas major muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of peritoneal covering does the genitofemoral nerve have |
|
Definition
| retroperitoneal, descends behind the peritonieum |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the genitofemoral nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply in males |
|
Definition
| cremaster muscle and skin of scrotum |
|
|
Term
| what does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply in females |
|
Definition
| joins round ligament and supplies skin of labium majus |
|
|
Term
| what does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin over upper part of femoral triangle |
|
|
Term
| how many ganglia are in the lumbar sympathetic trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the lumbar sympathetic trunk |
|
Definition
| medial border of psoas major on bodies of lumbar vertebra, passes posterior to common iliac vessels to become continous with acral part of sympathetic trunk. on the right is is posterior to the right of IVC on left it is adjacent to the left of aorta |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (one side)recieves |
|
Definition
| recieves 2 branches of white communicating rami from lumbar spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (one side)gives |
|
Definition
| one gray communicating rami to all lumbar spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what do the lumbar splanchnic nerves join |
|
Definition
| superior hypogastric plexuses |
|
|
Term
| what nerve fibers does the lumbar splanchnic nerves have |
|
Definition
| sympathetic (visceral motor) and visceral sensory fibers |
|
|
Term
| where is the aortic plexus located |
|
Definition
| anterior to abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
| what does the aortic plexus recieve fibers from |
|
Definition
| thoracic splanchnic and lumbar splanchnic nerves |
|
|
Term
| what fibers leave the aortic plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what prevertebral ganglia does the aortic plexus contain |
|
Definition
| celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior hypogastric nerve a continuation of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does teh superior hypogastric nerve begin, then where is it located |
|
Definition
| at bifuraction of abdominal aorta, between right and left common iliac vessels and anterior to L5 and sacral promontory |
|
|
Term
| what vertrbra does the kidney line up with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kidney is lower, why |
|
Definition
| the right because of the liver on the left |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the kidney |
|
Definition
| excrete most waste of metabolism, control wanter and electrolyte balance, control acid-base balance, secrete blood pressure regulators and hematopoeisis |
|
|
Term
| what blood regulators does the kidney release |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the surfaces of the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the poles of the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wha are the borders of the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the kidney hilum located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the kidney hilum lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structures are in the kidney hilum |
|
Definition
| renal vein, artery, renal pelvis, lymph, autonomic nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is the renal pelvis an extension of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the coverings of the kidney |
|
Definition
| perirenal fat, renal fascia, parareal fat |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the coverings of the kidney |
|
Definition
| support them, hold them in place, apposition to neighboring organs |
|
|
Term
| what is the perirenal fat in contact with |
|
Definition
| kidney and suprarenal gland, extends through hilum into renal sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the renal fascia cover |
|
Definition
| kidney, adrenal gland, and perirenal fat |
|
|
Term
| what does the pararenal fat cover |
|
Definition
| kidney, adrenal gland, perirenal fat, renal fascia. in contact with extraperitoneal fat |
|
|
Term
| what is touching the anteiror right kidney |
|
Definition
| liver, duodenum 2, r colic flexure, coils of si |
|
|
Term
| what is touching left anterior kidney |
|
Definition
| spleen, stomach, pancreas, left colic flexure, coils of si |
|
|
Term
| what is touching the posterior right kidney |
|
Definition
| psoas major, quadratu lumborum, transversus abdominis, diaphragm, 12th rib, subcostal, iliohypograstric, ilioinguinal |
|
|
Term
| what is touching the left posterior kidney |
|
Definition
| psoas major, quadratu lumborum, transversus abdominis, diaphragm, 12th rib, 11th rib, subcostal, iliohypograstric, ilioinguinal |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the renal parenchyma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the renal pyramids located, how are they oriented |
|
Definition
| in the medulla, with their apex towards the renal sinus |
|
|
Term
| what seperates teh renal pyramids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the apex of the renal pyramid called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the renal parenchyma located |
|
Definition
| surrounded by a fibrous capsule |
|
|
Term
| what perferate the renal papillae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do collecting ducts drain urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path from minor calyces to ureter |
|
Definition
| minor calyces join > 2-3 major calyces > renal pelvis > tapers becoming continous with ureter |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the renal sinus |
|
Definition
| branches of the renal artery, tributaries of the renal vein, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, lymph, autonomic nerves, adipose |
|
|
Term
| what is the ureter made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the ureter begin |
|
Definition
| abdomen as a continuation of the renal pelvis |
|
|
Term
| what is the ureter behind |
|
Definition
| psoas major and peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| at what point does the ureter turn forward to reach the base of the urinary bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where may kidney stones be located |
|
Definition
| constrictions in the ireter: renal pelvis ureter junction, pelvic brim, where is pierces bladder |
|
|
Term
| what is the most narrow part of the ureter |
|
Definition
| where it pierces the bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the ureter crosses the bifrucation of the common iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| what touches the anterior right ureter |
|
Definition
| duodenum 2, right colic and ileocolic vessels, right ovarian and testicular vessels, lower mesentery of si, terminal ileum |
|
|
Term
| what touches the anterior of the left ureter |
|
Definition
| left colic vessels, left ovarian and testicular vessels, sigmoid colon and its mesentery |
|
|
Term
| what touches the posterior side ot the ureter |
|
Definition
| psoas major, genitofemoral nerve, bifurcation of the common iliac |
|
|
Term
| what shape is the right suprarenal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what touches the anterior side of the adrenal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in front of the medial right adrenal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the left adrenal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is anterior to the left adrenal gland |
|
Definition
| pancreas, lesser sac, stomach |
|
|
Term
| what does the adrenal cortex come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the adrenal medulla come from |
|
Definition
| ectoderm (neural crest cells) |
|
|
Term
| what hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), androgens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulate clectrolyte and water balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the adrenal medulla secrete |
|
Definition
| catecholamines (epinepherine) |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the adrenal glands |
|
Definition
| superior suprarenal arteries, midle suprarenal srtery, inferior suprarenal artery |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior suprarenal arteries a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the middle suprarenal artery a branch od |
|
Definition
| paired visceral branch of abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior suprarenal artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein drains the artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the right suprarenal vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the left suprarenal vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the adrenal medulla innervated by |
|
Definition
| preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
|
|
Term
| what does the common iliac artery follow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the common iliac artery termiate |
|
Definition
| L5.S1 intervetebral disc level by dividing into internal and external iliac a |
|
|
Term
| what does the external iliac artery run along |
|
Definition
| medial border of psoas major |
|
|
Term
| where does the external iliac artery end |
|
Definition
| enters the thigh by passing under inguinal ligament to become femoral a |
|
|
Term
| what branches does the external iliac artery give off, where |
|
Definition
| inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries, just before it becomes the femoral |
|
|
Term
| what forms the IVC, where |
|
Definition
| right and left common iliac veins, posterior to right common iliac a at L5 |
|
|
Term
| when the IVC accends, where is it loacted in relation to the abdominal aorta and vertebra |
|
Definition
| right of aorta and anterior to vertebra |
|
|
Term
| what is the spot on the liver called where it passes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches of the IVC dont correspond to the branches of the aorta |
|
Definition
| unpaired visceral branches that correspond with unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and drain into the portal system |
|
|
Term
| what are the visveral tributaries of the IVC |
|
Definition
| r and l renal, r suprarenal, r ovarian/testicular, hepatic |
|
|
Term
| where does the left suprarenal vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the left ovarian/testicular vein drin into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the lumbar veins |
|
Definition
| connect to eachother before they enter the IVC by vertical anastomotic venous channels called ascending lumbar vein |
|
|
Term
| what are the parietal tributaries of the IVC |
|
Definition
| inferior phrenic veins, lumbar veins |
|
|
Term
| where does the median sacral vein terminate |
|
Definition
|
|
