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| The human body is composed of______? |
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| What is matter? In what forms can it be found? |
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| Anything that has weight and takes up space. Matter can be in liquid, solid and gas form. |
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| Substances that constitute all matter. |
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| 4 elements that are most abundant in the human body |
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| Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen |
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| a nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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| Has a positive electrical charge |
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| Has a negative electrical charge |
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| The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of |
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| When atoms combine, they gain or lose |
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| Atoms with the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights |
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| The atomic weight of an element is determined by the number of |
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| When is an element inactive? |
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| When the outer shell has maximum number of electrons |
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| An atom that is electrically charged, has gained an electron and lost an electron |
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| An ionic bond is created by |
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| a positive and negative ion attracting each other |
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| In forming a covalent bond, electrons are |
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| Water is formed by molecules of hydrogen and oxygen united by a ? |
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| A compound is formed when atoms |
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| of different elements combine |
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| Two major types of chemical reactions are |
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| synthesis and decomposition |
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| The symbol that indicates a reversible reaction. |
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| An atom or a molecule that affects the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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| An electrolyte that releases hydrogen ions in water. |
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| electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions |
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| concentration of hydrogen ions |
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| What is the pH of a neutral solution? |
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| An inorganic substance that releases ions when it reacts with water; breaks up in solution to form charged particles or ions |
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Compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen and are usually electrolytes- found in a cell that enters into metabolic reactions or produced by them
Water, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Salts |
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| Branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes. |
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| The amount of a substance. |
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| Pure chemical substances with only one type of atom. |
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| What are elements composed of? |
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| Tiny particles called atoms. |
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| How many naturally occurring elements are there? |
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| How many elements are required by living organisms? |
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| Which elements make up more than 95% of the human body (by weight)? |
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| Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
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| Smallest complete units of elements. consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus |
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| Atoms combine with atoms like themselves or with other atoms by forming attractions |
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| Central portion of the atom |
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| Extremely small, - charged particle that encircles the nucleus of an atom |
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| + charge, large particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| Similar size to proton, are neutral and are found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| What is the atomic weight? |
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| the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus of an atom |
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| What is an atomic number? |
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| the number of protons i an atom |
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| atom with the same atomic number but different atomic weight |
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| What are 3 common forms of radiation? |
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| The time required for an isotope to lose 1/2 of its radioactivity |
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| How many electrons can each shell hold? |
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1st shell- 2 electrons
2nd shell- 8 electrons
3rd shell- 8 electrons |
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| atoms that gain or lose electrons; become electrically charged |
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| Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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| What is another name for an ionic bond? |
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| Chemical bond that shares electrons |
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| 1 pair of electrons shared |
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| 2 pairs of electrons shared |
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| Sharing more than 2 pairs of electrons |
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| A molecule with equal number of protons and electrons |
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| A chemical bond between a hydorgen atom and an atom of hydrogen or oxygen |
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What is a molecular formula? Give example:
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Represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule
Ex: H2O |
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| What is a structural formula? |
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| Shows how molecules are joined and arranged in various molecules |
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| What is synthesis? How is it symbolized? |
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| When 2 or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure A+B→AB |
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| What is decomposition? How is it symbolized? |
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Break of a bond to more simpler molecules
AB→A+B
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| What is an exchange reaction? How is it symbolized? |
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Parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds break and form new ones
AB+CD→AD+BC |
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| A reaction can change back to how it was before |
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| a substance that changes the rate of a reaction without itself being altered in the process |
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| Hydrogen ion concentration |
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| What is neutral on the pH scale? |
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| What is acidic on the pH scale? |
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| What is basic on the pH scale? |
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| What happens when the hydrogen ion concentration increases? |
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| pH level drops below 7.35 |
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| pH level rises above 7.45 |
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| What are buffers? What do they do with hydrogen ions? |
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| Chemicals that resist pH change. Combine when in excess or donate them when they are depleted |
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| provide energy that cells require, supply materials to build cell structures and stored for reserve energy supply |
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| 3 saccharides discussed in chapter |
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monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides |
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| organic substance that is unsoluable in water |
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| To store energy for celluar activities |
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| What are the building blocks of fat molecules? |
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| What are steroids? What are three types discussed in ch. |
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Complex structures that include 4 connected rings of carbon atoms
cholesterol, sex hormones and bile acids |
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| Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
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| A protein that detects and destroys foreign substances |
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| The building blocks of proteins |
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| form genes and take part in protein synthesis |
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| atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that form building blocks |
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DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA - ribonucleic acid |
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| Compound composed of oppositely charged ions |
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| Fats, phospholids and steroids are important ______ found in the human cell |
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| Protein that acts as a catalyst |
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| The function of nucleic acid is to |
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| store information and control life processes |
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| Determines the atoms chemical behavior |
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| Electrons in the atoms shells |
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