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| The science of the structure of living organisms |
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| The science of the functioning of living organisms |
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| the smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means |
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| the basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane |
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| particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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| a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue |
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| a part of the body formed of two or more tissues that performs a specialized function |
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| a group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function; e.g., nervous system |
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| an individual living thing |
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| a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body |
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| an organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings |
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| a corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation of normal limits |
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| feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change; enhances the stimulus |
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| below; in reference to a particular structure, with the body in the anatomical position |
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| farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure |
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| the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body |
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| some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment |
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| Which system rids of body of nitrogen-containing waste |
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| Which system provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act |
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| Which system removes Carbon Dioxide from the blood |
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| This organ system controls the body with chemicals called hormones |
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| This plane could pass through both ears |
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| Where is the umbilical region found? |
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| In which cavity will a needle be inserted for a spinal tap |
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| Which body system would be affected by degenerative cartilage? |
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| Glucose, Fructose, and Deoxyribose are? |
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| During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute and a mixture of ions is produced. What are these ions called? |
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| This substance has a high heat capacity, is composed of polar molecules, contains hydrogen bonds, and can be considered a universal solvent. |
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| a pH range between 1 and 6 would be considered... |
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| a pH range of 7 would be considered... |
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| a pH range of 8 to 14 would be considered... |
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| Inorganic compounds do not contain what element. |
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| Inorganic compounds that are soluble and who ions will conduct and electrical current are called... |
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| These are proteins that function as biological catalysts affecting only the activation energy required for a reaction. They do NOT become part of the reactions product. |
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| Energy that is contained in molecular bonds is called |
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| This element of a control system detects a change. |
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| An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The number of electrons in its valance shell is... |
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| 7 electrons in the valance shell. |
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| sawing wood up into sawdust is an example of this type of change |
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| Physical-the sawdust still has the original properties of the wood. |
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| Burning wood is an example of this type of change |
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| chemical-the wood does not retain its original properties |
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| The most abundant element in the human body is.. |
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| The antecubital region is in what body landmark. |
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| A + B -----> AB is an example of what type of reaction |
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| The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of the atoms are the... |
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| Hematopoeisis, the cessation of bleeding, is the function of which system. |
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| This system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood. |
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| Highly specialized proteins that recognize, bind with, and inactivate bacteria, toxins, and some viruses. |
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| Responsiveness is the life function of which system |
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| An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is... |
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| The system that regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the blood |
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| a Survival need required in order to release energy from foods |
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| Your body thermostat is located in the hypothalamus in the brain. Which of the following elements of the control system does this represent? |
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| Anterior and Ventral are directional terms that mean the same thing for the human body. True or False |
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| Synthesis reactions form bonds and absorb energy. True or False |
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| The bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared equally between them. |
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| The single most abundant inorganic compound in the body. |
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| What is the normal pH range of blood? |
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| The lower the pH, the higher the number of hydrogen ions. True or False |
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| Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides. True or False |
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| Every atom in a molecule has a full outer (valence) shell. True or false |
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| Disruption of the hydrogen bonds in functional proteins leads to their denaturation. True or false |
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| List the 5 survival needs (factors) necessary to sustain life |
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| nutrients, oxygen, water, body temperature must be maintained around 98 degrees, atmospheric pressure |
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| any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen for example. |
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| substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united |
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| at atom with a positive or negative electric charge |
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| an ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water |
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| a substance that accelerates a specific chemical reaction but that is not altered by the reaction nor becomes part of the product. |
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| a compound that lacks carbon; for example, water |
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| a compound containing carbon; examples include proteins, carbohydrates, and fat |
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| a homogenous mixture of two or more components |
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| subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atom nucleus |
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| nonsymmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms |
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| the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
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| a fundamental particle that does not carry a charge, but that counts for part of an atoms atomic mass |
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| 1.a chemical reaction that occurs between and acid and a base. 2. blockage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sites. |
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| dissociation; the breakdown of a molecule in solution to form ions |
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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in bodily chemical reactions |
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| a weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms; an important intra-molecular bond. |
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| a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. A proton accepter |
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| a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution |
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| a substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conducting electricity |
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| the spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles |
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| the diffusion of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one |
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| the passive movement of a substance across a cell membrane by means of a protein carrier. No ATP(energy) required. |
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| an organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body for elimination |
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| net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration or electrical gradient; requires release and use of cellular energy (ATP) |
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| dense structure, composed of tightly coiled DNA strands and associated histones, that become visible in the nucleus when a cell prepares to undergo mitosis or meiosis; normal human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes apiece |
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| regional differences in the concentration of a particular substance |
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| deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA) |
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| a nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine |
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| the substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus |
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| excessive, above normal, tone or tension |
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| below normal tone or tension |
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| having a uniform tension; of the same tone |
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| any sheet or partition; a layer consisting of an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue |
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| the division of the cell nucleus; often followed by division of the cytoplasm of a cell. |
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| specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions |
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| a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues |
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| the skin and its accessory organs |
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| the deep layer of the skin; composed of dense, irregular connective tissue |
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| bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton |
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| the deposition of calcium salts within a tissue |
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| cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone |
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| joint; point where two bones meet |
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| the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum |
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| a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points, especially joints |
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| dense bone that contains parellel osteons |
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| the study of the structural features of the body without the aid of a microscope |
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| a form of cartilage growth through the growth, mitosis, and secretion of chondrocytes in the matrix |
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| a bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone |
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| a system of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of the adult compact bone; unit of bone |
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| incomplete bony basin formed by the two coxal bones that secures the lower limbs to the sacrum of the axial skeleton |
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| immovable fibrous joint that connects the bones of the adult skull |
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| a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages |
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| that portion of the body trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck |
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| a cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones |
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| When Calcium ion concentration (in blood) is above normal( >11 mg/dl) the following happens |
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| Parafollicular cells, or C cells in the thyroid gland secretes calcitonin, which inhibits osteoclast activity (stops the release of Ca+ ions from bone); increase the rate of Ca+ ions at the kidneys |
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