Term
|
Definition
| middle part of the thorasic cavity, thorasic outlet to the diaphragm, divided into superior and inferior |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of hte inferior medistinum |
|
Definition
| anterior, middle, posterior |
|
|
Term
| what is the border bwterrn the superior and inferior mediastinum |
|
Definition
| plane drawn by sternal angle |
|
|
Term
| what is in the middle area of the mediastinum |
|
Definition
| heart and pericardial sac |
|
|
Term
| what marks the anterior border of the mediastinum |
|
Definition
| between the sternum and pericardium |
|
|
Term
| where is the thymus located |
|
Definition
| superficial, sits high, mostly in the superior medistinum, can be more inferior when youner because it is bigger |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the thymus |
|
Definition
| primary lymphoid organ, where lymphoid stem cells mature into t cells |
|
|
Term
| talk about the size and shape of the thymus |
|
Definition
| largest at puberty and shrinks with age becoming replaced with fat, three lobes |
|
|
Term
| how is the thymus held together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the bracheocephalic veins |
|
Definition
| internal juggular and subclavian join |
|
|
Term
| what veins empty into the baracheocephalic veins |
|
Definition
| the interthyroid veins, azygous vein (at the joining for form the superior vena cava) |
|
|
Term
| compare the left and right bracheocephalic veins |
|
Definition
| the right is shorter and more verticle, the left is more oblique |
|
|
Term
| what do the right and left bracheocephalic veins join together to form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what marks the location of the begining of the superior venacava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the acending aorta located |
|
Definition
| within pericardial sac, leads from heart to aortic arch |
|
|
Term
| where is the descending aorta located |
|
Definition
| in the thorasic and abdominal cavity begining at the sternal angle |
|
|
Term
| what arteries come off the aorta |
|
Definition
| right and left coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| what arteries come off of the aortic arch |
|
Definition
| bracheocephalic trunk, left caroted, left subclavian |
|
|
Term
| what does the bracheocephalic split into |
|
Definition
| right caroted and right subclavian |
|
|
Term
| where is the ligamentum arterosium located |
|
Definition
| runs from the pulmonary trunk at the bifurcation and attaches to the underside of the aortic arch |
|
|
Term
| what runs along the ligamentum arterosium |
|
Definition
| vagus nerve, left recurrant laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| how did the ligamentum arterosium form |
|
Definition
| remnent of the ductous arterosis from the fetus (a lung bipass) that closes at birth leaving a ligament |
|
|
Term
| what happens if the ductous arterosis does not close |
|
Definition
| pressure is higher in the aorta and blood flows back into the pulmonary arteries leading to pulmonary hypertension |
|
|
Term
| how can you diagnose if someone's ductous arterosis did not close |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hole the descending aorta goes through at T12 |
|
|
Term
| what branches off of the descending aorta |
|
Definition
| posterior intercostal arteries (9), subcostal arteries, esophageal arteries, broncieal arteries, pericardial branches, superior phrenic arteries |
|
|
Term
| what was the function of the ductus arterosis as a fetus |
|
Definition
| carries blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta bypassing the lungs |
|
|
Term
| what do the superior phrenic arteries supply |
|
Definition
| the posterior surface of the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| where does the phrenic nerve branch from |
|
Definition
| the cervical plexus, the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord C3-C5 roots |
|
|
Term
| where does the right phrenic nerve run |
|
Definition
| follows the right bracheocephalic and superior vena cava, passes between lung and pericardium down to the pericardial sac |
|
|
Term
| where does the left phrenic nerve run |
|
Definition
| to the left of the aortic arch, down between the heart and lungs, to the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what does the phrenic nerves innervate |
|
Definition
| the diaphragm and the peritenium on the gut side, the parital pericardium, medistanial pleura, paritenial |
|
|
Term
| where is pain from the phrenic nerve referred to |
|
Definition
| C3-C5 dermatome, neck and sholder pain |
|
|
Term
| where does the vagus nerve run and branch |
|
Definition
| posterior to the lung roots, branches into the pulmonary plexus,esophageal plexus which comes back together into two trunks the anterior and posterior vagul trunks |
|
|
Term
| what type of nerve is the vagus nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the thoracic branches of the vagus nerve |
|
Definition
| left recurrent laryngeal, right recurrant laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| left recurrant laryngeal location |
|
Definition
| crosses left side of aorta, curves under the arch, around the ligamentum arterosium, comes back to the larynx |
|
|
Term
| what can lesions on the left recurrant laryngeal nerve cause |
|
Definition
| hoarsness, paralysis to left laryngeal muscles |
|
|
Term
| where is the right recurrant laryngeal nerve located |
|
Definition
| originates from the right vagus root at the neck and hooks around the subclavian artery and ascends to the larynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the thorasic vagus nerve branches |
|
Definition
| carry visceral motor parasympathetic and visceral sensory fibers to the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and heart |
|
|
Term
| what is the espohagus made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structures mark the top and bottom of the esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vertebre marks the begining of the esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what parts of the medistinum is the esophagus located |
|
Definition
| the superior and posterior |
|
|
Term
| what and where is the esophageal opening |
|
Definition
| T10, passage through the diaphragm, slightly left of median |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the esophagus |
|
Definition
| cervical, thorasic, lumbar |
|
|
Term
| what is the esophagus between in the superior medisastinum |
|
Definition
| trachea and vertebral comumn |
|
|
Term
| what is the esophagus between in the inferior medistinum |
|
Definition
| pericardial sac and vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| why does the esophagus have a curve to it |
|
Definition
| in the posterior mediastinum it first runs along the right side of the descending aorta then it runs anterior to it |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of azygos |
|
Definition
| unpaired, lacking a mate, the azygos system right and left side are not symmetrical |
|
|
Term
| what is the main areas the azygos system drains |
|
Definition
| thorax and abdomen body wall structures, bronchi, esophagus, pericardium |
|
|
Term
| where does the asygous system dump into |
|
Definition
| the posterior superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| what happens if one of the vena cava is obstructed |
|
Definition
| the azygos system takes on more blood and goes around the obstruction |
|
|
Term
| where do the left and right branches of the azygous system connect |
|
Definition
| across the vertebral column one or more times |
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the right branch of the azygos system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the left superior left branch of the azygous system |
|
Definition
| accessory hemiazygos vein |
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the inferior left branch of the azygos system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the azygos vein |
|
Definition
| joining of the ascending lumbar and subcostal veins |
|
|
Term
| what structure does the azygos vein run along |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which azygos system branch is longer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the left azygos veins drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the azygos vein before it dumps into the superior vena cava |
|
Definition
| it ascends to T4, goes over right lung root, and terminates at svc |
|
|
Term
| what forms the hemiazygos vein |
|
Definition
| ascending lumbar and subcostal veins |
|
|
Term
| what drains into the thorasic duct |
|
Definition
| all but the right upper corner of the body's lymphatic system |
|
|
Term
| where does the thorasic duct begin |
|
Definition
| in the abdomen at the cisterna chyli, L1/L2 |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the thorasic duct |
|
Definition
| abdomen, follows aorta through hiatus, runs behind the esophagus, makes a hook, drains |
|
|
Term
| what areas does the thorasic duct drain |
|
Definition
| all but the upper right quadrent of the body |
|
|
Term
| where does the thorasic duct dump into |
|
Definition
| left subclavian and left internal juggular junction |
|
|
Term
| what dumps into the thorasic duct just before it terminates |
|
Definition
| left juggular, left subclavian, and left bronchomedialstinal trunks (they may als drain into near by veins) |
|
|
Term
| what joins to make the right lymphatic duct |
|
Definition
| right juggular, right subclavian, right bronchomediastinal lymph trunks |
|
|
Term
| where does the right lymphatic duct terminate |
|
Definition
| junction of right subclavian and right internal juggular |
|
|
Term
| what does the right lymphatic duct drain |
|
Definition
| the right upper quarter of the body |
|
|
Term
| how many ganglia does the sympathetic trunk have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is there a variation in the number of ganglia the sympathetic trunk has |
|
Definition
| the first cervical ganglia often fuses with the inferior cervical ganglia |
|
|
Term
| describe the location and shape of ganglia |
|
Definition
| connected in a chain and running down heads of ribs in the upper thorasic and the sides of the vertebral bodies in the lower thorasic, posterior to parietal pleura |
|
|
Term
| what connects the ganglia together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where doe the intercostal nerves that connect ganglia together come from |
|
Definition
| the white and gray communicating rami |
|
|
Term
| what is special about the upper 4 ganglia |
|
Definition
| they give off postganglionic fivers to the thoracic viscera of the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus |
|
|
Term
| where do the splanchnic nerves originate |
|
Definition
| lower thoracc sympathetic trunk (5th ganglia and below) |
|
|
Term
| what do the splachnic nerves pierce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the splanchnic nerves end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do splanchnic nerve preganglionic sympathetic fibers terminate |
|
Definition
| prevetrebal ganglia in abdomen |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the visceral sensory fibers of the splanchnic nerves |
|
Definition
| carry pain sensaion from abdominal organs |
|
|
Term
| where does the greater splanchnic nerve originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lesser splanchnic nerve originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the least splanchnic nerve originate |
|
Definition
| lowest thoracic ganglion, sometimes absent |
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