Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Basis is Electron Miostopy (EM) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| study tissues (histology) in histolab under pathologist |
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Term
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Definition
Can be seen with naked eye.
3 categories: Surface, Regional, and Systemic. |
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Term
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Definition
Art of palpation... relies on LANDMARKS... study of exterior human body
needed when drawing blood to hit needle in the right spot. |
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Term
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Definition
Goes hand in hand with DISSECTION...
Requires knowledge of everything from SURFACE TO BONES |
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Term
| Head, Neck, Thoracic, Extremities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Approaches anatomy from systems. |
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Term
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Definition
Focuses on the growth of a fetus into a zygote
Emphasizes Morphology |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Angiographic vascular sonographer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| soft tissue and cross sections visible |
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Term
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Definition
| white and brain matter visible |
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Term
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Definition
| claustrophobia during scan |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Function of Kidneys....urinary |
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Term
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Definition
| Functions of Nervous System (Includes Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System) |
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Term
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Definition
| Network that never sleeps |
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Term
| Cardiovascular Physiology |
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Definition
| Function of heart, blood, and blood vessels |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
CCTOSO- simplest to complex
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, ,system, organism |
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Term
| Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism |
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Definition
| Levels of organization from simplest to complex |
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Term
| Chemical Level of Organization |
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Definition
| building blocks for cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 parts: Axial and Appendicular |
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Term
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Definition
| Thorax (sternum and ribs), Vertebrates (vertebral column), and skull |
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Term
| Thorax, vertebrates, and skull |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(arms & Legs)
Pectoral/ shoulder, scapula, and upper limb bones AND Pelvic/hip girdles, pelvic bones and lower limbs |
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Term
| Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| wiring of the body: cranial and spinal NERVES |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains: hormones, Ovaries/Testes, hypothalamus, hypoheseal/ pituitary glands, Thyroids, heart, Thymus, PORTION OF pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, pineal body |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| command center/ secrete hormones |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| master, anterior, and posterior glands |
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Definition
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Definition
| considered to be HORMONAL |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood, Blood vessels, and Heart |
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Definition
| composes CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid/ makes or breaks career decision |
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Term
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Definition
| drained of blood. Cadavers are embalmed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| includes: tonsils, spleen, thymus, bone marrow and lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| cervical, artillery, lingual, and popileal lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Basis is filtration/ treatment system of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| goes through kidney, filtered, then emptied out through urethra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Membranes separate ICF and ECG |
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Term
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Definition
Soma= body
Body Movement: VOLUNTARY |
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Term
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Definition
| Visceral movement is INVOLUNTARY |
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Term
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Definition
purpose is to feel cells; food is broken down to ATP
EQUILIBRIUM is necessary btwn anabolism and catabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of biochemical processes |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesize simple molecules into complex ones; metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units
anabolism > catabolism = too large, fat |
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Term
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Definition
set of pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy
canabolism > anabolism = too skinny, small |
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Term
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Definition
waste products including:
feces, CO2, water, and sweat |
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Term
|
Definition
cellular: mitosis (replication of cells)
organismal: gametes, ova, sperm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
center... skull, vertebral column, thorax (ribs and sternum)
contains:cephalus, vertebral column, thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Extremities
contains: pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle and humerus) pelvic girdles (femur, tibia, oscoxae) |
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Term
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Definition
right and left separation
mid sagittal: equal R& L
para sagittal: off center, unequal r & l |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior separated from posterior
(belly -anterior- and back -posterior-) |
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Term
| Transverse/ Horizontal/ Axial Plane |
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Definition
perpendicular to frontal/ coronal plane
separates inferior from superior.... upper body, lower body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| away from median (towards sides of body) |
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Term
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Definition
| towards median, towards belly button |
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Term
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Definition
| closest to point of attachment (shoulders) |
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Term
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Definition
| furthest away from point of attachment (fingers) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cranial (brain) and vertebral (spinal cord) |
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Term
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Definition
front side of the body, contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity.
thoracic cavity:
contains:
pleural cavity- lungs and superior mediastinum pericardial cavity- heart (sandwiched btwn lungs)
abdominopelvic cavity:
contains:
abdominal cavity- digestive organs, abdominal viscera, intestines
pelvic cavity- reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum (urogenital) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Membranes in Ventral Body Cavity |
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Definition
| Visceral serosa, perietal serosa, serous fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane found in Ventral Body cavity; encapsulates actual organ (like seram wrap) |
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Term
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Definition
membrane found in Ventral Body Cavity;
line cavity wall |
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Term
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Definition
found in ventral body cavity;
in btwn. visceral and parietal serosa;
LUBRICATES and DECREASES friction; very thin |
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Term
| lubricates and reduces friction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
aka iliac region is a bilateral region
right & left |
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Term
| Inguinal, Lumbar, and Hypochondriac Regions |
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Definition
are bilateral regions and are on both right and left
Hypochondriac- upper
Lumbar- Middle
Inguinal/Illiac- lower |
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Term
| Umbilical, Epigastric, and Hypogastric Regions |
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Definition
are all mid-line regions
Epigastric-upper
umbilical- middle
HypoGAStric- lower |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of Tissue, works hand in hand with anatomy |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of cells w common and related functions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary, part of autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary, part of Autonomic Nervous System |
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Term
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Definition
| contains smooth and cardiac muscle tissue...which are all involuntary. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement: somatic and visceral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in the body as a covering. |
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Term
| Functions of Endothelial Tissue |
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Definition
| protection, absorption (GI tract), filtration (kidneys) and secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| like GPS, sends and receives info |
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Term
| Glandular Epithelial Tissue |
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Definition
| lining of secretory cells (exocytosis) |
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Term
| Composition of Epithelial Cells |
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Definition
| close, packed cells with no extra cellular space |
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Term
| Special Attribute of Endothelial Cells |
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Definition
| form continuous sheet, junction. There are 4 junctions on each side. |
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Term
| Endothelial Cell- JUNCTIONS |
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Definition
| 4 total junctions on each side... purpose is communication btwn neighboring cells. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue |
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Definition
| Apical (apex) surface, lateral, base (membrane/lamina) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| moves things across cell; hair like projection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shorter, stubbier... increases surface area... located in Apex of cell |
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Term
| Epithelial Classification- Layers |
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Definition
Simple: single cell... layer is for absorption filtration, and thin barrier
Stratified (two or more layers) layer... common in high abrasion areas >>causes friction |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by high abrasion areas |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear shape conforms to cell shape |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells laterally flattened; located in areas of filtration// rapid diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
| particles moving from high to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragile; provides frictionless lining; found in blood vessels and heart chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause a dent in endothelial lining... caused by high cholesterol.. can lead to stroke... prevented by eating oatmeal |
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Term
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Definition
| where we become aware of our endothelial lining |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelium found in lining organs |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos |
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Term
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Definition
| Spherical Nuclei; absorption and secretion; found in kidney tubules and secretory ducts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| single layer of tall cells aligned in rows; some have cilia; absorption and secretion... varies height... |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| line kidney tubules and secretory ducts |
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Term
| Pseudostratified Columnar |
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Definition
| cells vary in height, absorption and secretion, line trachea... pseudo bc still attached to base; appears to be stratified. |
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Term
|
Definition
| secretory cell that produces mucins, needed for lubrication |
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Term
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Definition
| most widespread in areas of wear and tear... superficial cells less viable than deep cells. Epidermis is keratinized (protein) other areas are not |
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Term
|
Definition
| where u apply lip liner... separates keratinized and non-keratinized area |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more keratinized and more GERMATIVE |
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Term
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Definition
| rare tissue; forms large glands ducts and male urethra |
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Term
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Definition
can change shape according to distension of organ.
i.e. urinary bladder: empty: dome shaped, full:squamous |
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Term
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Definition
| found throughout body and only exposed when there is an open wound |
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Term
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Definition
| connective proper, cartilage, bone, blood |
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Term
| Functions of Connective Tissue |
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Definition
| binding/ support (ligament), protection (bones), insulation (adipose), transportation (blood) |
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Term
| Which is more resilient: endothelial cells or connective tissue? |
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Definition
| Connective tissue is more resilient |
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Term
|
Definition
| all have common origin: mesenchyme (stem cells>>embryonic) |
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Term
| Varying degrees of vascularity are found in... |
|
Definition
Connective Tissue... cartilage (very little), dense connective bone, bone
vascularity= blood supply |
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Term
|
Definition
| separates living from nonliving material things....CT.. bears weight, withstands tension and endures physical trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen (most abundant), elastic, reticular |
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Term
|
Definition
| most abundant protein; thick, strong, high tensile strength |
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Term
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Definition
| long, thin, found where elasticity is needed (skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls). Skin becomes flacid after time because of loss of elasticity/elastin. |
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Term
| Skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls need... |
|
Definition
| elastic/elastin/ elasticity |
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Term
|
Definition
| fine, collagenous fibers; support soft tissues....found in lymphnode, thymus, bone marrow and spleen |
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Term
| What type of CT fiber is found in spleen and lymphnodes? |
|
Definition
| reticular... support soft tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| osteocytes will develop, necessary for bone building and repair |
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Term
|
Definition
| chrondocytes will develop |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hallmark of Connective Tissue |
|
Definition
| extracellular space (endothelial cells are tight) |
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Term
|
Definition
| most widely distributed; supports and binds other tissues; reinforces organs; stores nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| found in newborns (also in bears bc they hybernate) |
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Term
|
Definition
| adipocytes predominate; oil droplets displaces nuclei (flattens it); tissue vascularized; insulation and shock absorber |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What color is most adipose? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which protein is most abundant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| parallel collagen fibers, regular arrangement, found in tendons |
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Term
|
Definition
| irregularly arranged collagen fibers...found in DERMIS,... covers: kidneys (renal capsule), bones, cartilages, muscles, and nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| dense CT that covers are bones... pericranium covers skull/head |
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Term
|
Definition
| dense CT that covers and bundles muscle fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| dense CT that covers nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| dense ct that covers cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical constituent of cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| withstands tension and compresion |
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Term
| Whats is flexible, avascular, and lacks nerve fibers |
|
Definition
| cartilage...predominant in chondroblasts and chondrocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| reside in lacunae (spaces) |
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Term
|
Definition
| most abundant cartilage, found in: nose/septum, costal cartilage, tracheal rings, larynx, embryonic skeleton, and epiphyseal plates |
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Term
|
Definition
| can erode hyaline cartilage found in septum |
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Term
|
Definition
| type of elastic cartilage that diverts food away from esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| type of elastic cartilage that diverts food away from esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| causes cauliflower in ear |
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Term
|
Definition
| area btwn femur and tibia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| produces formed elements: RBC, WBC, platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| transports nutrients, oxygen, gases, waste products, microbes, biomolecules, and hormones |
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Term
|
Definition
| highly cellular, vacularized, contains myofilaments (actin/myosin), 3 types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| striated, attached to bones, somatic (voluntary) movements, large multinucleated myocites, and satellite cells with regenerative properties |
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Term
|
Definition
| exclusive to contractile walls of heart, contrations needed to propel bloos, uninucleate, intercalated discs |
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Term
|
Definition
| establish regular rate of contractions (involuntary-part of ANS) |
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Term
|
Definition
| no striations; spindle shaped/central nucleus, found in GI and urinary tracts, uterus, and blood vessels, contract via pacesetter cells |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| found in dermis... when erected: pili erection which are gosebumps |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease diameter of lumen |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase diameter of lumin |
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Term
|
Definition
| longest cell in body; specialized for conduction; poor regenerative properties; found in CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
| projections>> propagate motor info (efferent neurons) |
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Term
|
Definition
| project sensory... AFFERENT |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| supportive framework for neural tissue; regulate interstitial composition and nutrient supply... maintains viability |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| has 3 regions: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (in order from most superficial to deepest) |
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Term
|
Definition
| most superficial region of skin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| deepest, contains subcutaneal adipose tissue (fat) |
|
|
Term
| What is the only fix to aging? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keratinized, stratifies squamous, contains 4-5 layers, |
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Term
|
Definition
| keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans cells |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| receptors; how we perceive temperature change; detects pain, touch, pressure temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| germative layer of white blood cells.. found in epidermis |
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|
Term
| Epidermal layers from deepest to most superficial |
|
Definition
| stratum basale, stratum spinosum, statum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and statum corneum |
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Term
|
Definition
| is a variable; only found in thick layer of skin (4+ layers) |
|
|
Term
| Stratum Corneum aka horny layer |
|
Definition
| can be 20-30 layers (callous); composed of dead cells; |
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Term
|
Definition
| composed of dense irregular CT |
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Term
|
Definition
| removing epidermis exposing dermis i.e. getting a nick while shaving and exposing change in color |
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|
Term
| Where do tattoos take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce histamine, neporin, and proteases |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| fibroblasts, macrophage, mast cells, and wbcs |
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|
Term
| Papillary layer of dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reticular layer of dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creates ridges causes dermatoglyphics aka fingerprints |
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Term
|
Definition
| overactivity causes hives |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| stretchmarks.. caused by microscopic tears (superficial) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
change as u go from deepest to most superficial:
cuboidal (stratum basale)> polygonal>squamouos (corneoum) |
|
|
Term
| What happens in cold temperature? |
|
Definition
| blood vessels in papillary layer CONSTRICT to retain heat |
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Term
|
Definition
| occur when epidermis is removed and dermis has fluid build up.... caused by friction i.e. new shoes |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute area of quick stretching caused by rapid weight loss or gain |
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Term
|
Definition
| spider veins/vessels! can be in papillary layer of eye, legs |
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Term
|
Definition
rosey appearance to babies skin... aka post wine stain
can worsen from strawberry (temporary) to cavenous (severe)
laser treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rosey appearance to babies skin... aka post wine stain
can worsen from strawberry (temporary) to cavenous (severe)
laser treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rosey appearance to babies skin... aka post wine stain
can worsen from strawberry (temporary) to cavenous (severe)
laser treatment |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| removing epidermis and dermis; can be surgically transplanted back aka skin graft |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| aka merocrine. most numerous; clear translucent sweat; sweat from forehead, palms, and soles |
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Term
|
Definition
| more viscious type; link to odoriferous emanation (BO); found in area near hair follicles like axilla, groin, and perineal |
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Term
|
Definition
| produces ear wax...ear plugs=compacted cerumen |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces oil, determines skin type (oily, normal, or dry). Oily skin wont allow premature wrinkles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| scalelike modification of dermis |
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Term
|
Definition
| cuticles; act as barriers to prevent tinea linguilum; dermatophytes can cause infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| free area under nail.... prisoners of war would be tortured by putting flame under hyponchyum bc of high sensitivity |
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Term
|
Definition
| filamentrous strands of dead keratinized cells; produced by follicles; shaft projects from skin; root embedded in skin; pigmented by melanocytes; arrector pili is the smooth muscle attached to hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle attached to hair.... pili erection=goosebumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation caused by ingrown hair...autoimmune response... on beard: pseudofolliculitis barbae
solution:depillatory cream
treatment:topical aid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entire body except for palms, soles, nipples, and genitalia regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peach fuzz hair; varies in thickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in extremities and upper back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coarse hair; found in scalp, eye brows, eye lashes, axilla, facial, and pubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| newborn hair that eventually falls out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when people say they are balding.... hair is actually being replaced by vellus (fine hair; peach fuzz) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grows to specific length- ie eyebrows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nose hair; when cut, we're messing with filter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hair that keeps growing.. scalp/beard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too much androgen causes more hair than expected...can be a genetic or hormonal problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| affects dermis; nerves exposed so blisters occur |
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Definition
| epidermis and dermis are burned off completely; % of coverage determines if person survives. |
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Definition
| can be treated if caught early; can be malignant |
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Definition
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| How to check for skin cancer? |
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Definition
| a-assymetry, b-border, c-color, d-diameter, e-elevation |
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Definition
| lines minimize scarring; incision perpendicular to cleavage line can delay healing; protects skin |
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Term
| What is descriptive embryology? |
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Definition
| Embarks on the study of organogenesis... studies changes that occur in cells, tissues, and organs during the progressive stages of prenatal development. |
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Term
| what is developmental biology? |
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Definition
| looks at anatomy from a molecular point of view |
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Term
| what is comparative anatomy? |
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Definition
| focuses on comparison of vertebrates |
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Definition
| smallest functional unit of kidney |
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Definition
| made up of several tissue types; stomach has all 4 |
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Definition
| collection of related organs; body has 11 |
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Definition
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Definition
| supportive framework for neural tissue |
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| What regulates interstitial composition and nutrient supply? |
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