Term
|
Definition
O: S3/Cd1
I: ischiatic tuberosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: patella
I: tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: sacrotuberous ligament/sacrum
I: third trochanter
N: caudal gluteal n.
A: hip extension / limb abduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: wing of ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal n.
A: hip extension / limb abduction / medial thigh rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: body of ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal n.
A: hip extension / limb abduction / medial thigh rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: lateral S3/Cd1
I: greater trichanter
N: caudal gluteal n.
A: hip extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: tuber coxae / aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.
I: lateral femoral fascia
N: cranial gluteal n.
A: hip flexion / stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: ischiatic tuberosity / sacrotuberous ligament
I: tuber calcanei / tibial crest / patella
N: sciatic n.
A: hip, hock, and stifle extension / stifle flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: pelvic pubis and ischium
I: trochantric fossa
N: sciatic n.
A: lateral hip rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: lateral ischium
I: trochantric fossa
N: sciatic n.
A: lateral hip rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: caudoventral ischium
I: distal to trochantric fossa
N: sciatic n.
A: hip extension / lateral hip rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: iliac crest
I: patella
N: femoral n.
A: hip flexion / stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: iliac spine
I: cranial border of tibia
N: saphenous n.
A: hip flexion / stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: iliopubic eminence
I: tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
N: femoral n.
A: hip flexion / stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: craniolateral proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
N: femoral n.
A: stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: craniolateral proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
N: femoral n.
A: stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: craniolateral proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
N: femoral n.
A: stifle extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I: tuber calcanei / medial body of tibia
N: sciatic n.
A: hip and hock extension / stifle flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I: caudomedial distal femur / proximal tibia
N: sciatic n.
A: hip extension / stifle flexion and extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: pelvic symphasis
I: tuber calcanei / cranial border of tibia
N: obturator n.
A: hip and hock extension / stifle flexion / limb adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: iliopubic eminence
I: distal end of medial lip of caudal femur
N: obturator n.
A: limb adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: pelvic symphasis / ventral pubis and ischium
I: lateral lip od caudal femur
N: obturator n.
A: hip extension / limb adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: obturator foramen / ventral pelvis
I: lateral lip of caudal femur
N: obturator n.
A: lateral hip rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: lumbar / ventral ilium
I: lesser trochanter
N: femoral n. / lumbar nn.
A: hip and lumbar flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: extensor groove of tibia
I: proximal plantar MT I and II
N: fibular n.
A: tarsal flesion / lateral pes rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: femoral extensor fossa
I: extensor process of distal phalanges 2-4
N: fibular n.
A: hock flexion / digit extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: lateral tibial condyle / fibular head / lateral collateral ligament
I: plantar tarsal 4 / plantar MT 2-4
N: fibular n.
A: tarsal flexion / pes pronation |
|
|
Term
| lateral digital extensor m. |
|
Definition
O: proximal fibula
I: long digital extensor m. tendon / m. interosseus V
N: fibular n.
A: 5th digit extension and abduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: proximal fibula / proximal tibia
I: distal plantar phalanges 2-5
N: tibial n.
A: tarsal extension / phalangeal joint flexion |
|
|
Term
| superficial digital flexor m. |
|
Definition
O: lateral m. gastrocnemius sesamoid / lateral supracondylar disto-caudal femur
I: proximo-plantar middle phalanges 2-5
N: tibial n.
A: digit flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: medial/lateral femoral supracondylar tuberosities
I: tuber calcanei
N: tibial n.
A: tarsal extension / stifle flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: disto-caudal lateral femoral condyle
I: medial proximo-caudal tibia
N: tibial n.
A: resist lateral tibial rotation during stifle flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connection between 2 blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single artery supplies region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin-walled, blind-ended valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of skin innervated by sensory nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region served by multiple cutaneous nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region served by 1 cutaneous nerve |
|
|
Term
| equine femoral n. autonomous zone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
equine sciatic n. autonomous zone
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
equine common fibular n. autonomous zone
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
equine tibial n. autonomous zone
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickenings of fibrous joint capsule; outside synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside fibrous capsule; outside synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyaline and fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mm. and aponeurosis meeting on midline seam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces characteristic movement at joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opposes movement at joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bending
torsion
distraction (tension)
compression (pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases angle; extensor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suture, gomphosis, and synostosis; united by dense CT; relatively immobile |
|
|
Term
| cartilaginous (syndchondrosis) |
|
Definition
| symphysis and intervertebral dick; cartilage; relatively immobile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articular surfaces; hyaline cartilage; synovoal membrane; fibrous capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stifle extension = tarsal extension; stifle flexion = tarsal flexion; fibularis tertius and SDF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limbs passively held in extension; SDF, DDF, suspensory ligament, tarsal check ligament, proximal sesamoids, and distal sesamoidean ligaments; fetlock and interphalangeal joints held via flexor tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synovial and cartilaginous; limited movement (ventral and dorsal); sacroiliac ligaments (dorsal and ventral in horse); interosseous ligament in horse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hip
spheroidal joint (head of femur and acetabulum); fibrocartilage collar (acetabular lip); round ligament (ligament of the head of the femur); transverse acetabular ligament; accessory ligament of the femur in horses |
|
|
Term
| what prevents horses from "cow kicking" |
|
Definition
| accessory ligament of the femur |
|
|
Term
| femorotibial, femoropatellar, and proximal tibiofibular joints |
|
Definition
stifle
1 capsule; 3 synovial sacs (all communicate in carnivores; 2 between condyles of femur and tibia, 1 femoropatellar); 4 sesamoids (1 patella, 2 fabellae, 1 of m. popliteus) |
|
|
Term
| unique characteristics of the equine stifle |
|
Definition
medial ridge of trochlea enlarged (patellar fibrocartilage)
3 patellar ligaments (medial, intermediate, and lateral) |
|
|
Term
| most common ligamentous injury in small animals |
|
Definition
| rupture or tear of cranial cruciate ligament |
|
|
Term
| what predisposes an animal to tear/rupture of CCL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tests for CCL tear/rupture |
|
Definition
cranial drawer test and tibial compression test
CCL normally prevents cranial displacement of the tibia, stifle hyperextension, and inward rotation of the tibia during flexion |
|
|
Term
| distal tibiofibular joint |
|
Definition
synovial in carnivores
synostosis in horses
fibrous in ruminents
involves the interosseous membrane of the crus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hock
tibiotarsal, tibiotalal, and talocrural
involves medial/lateral collateral ligaments, flexor/extensor retinacula, and long plantar ligament |
|
|
Term
| bursa of the equine tarsocrural joint |
|
Definition
| subtendinous calcaneal bursa, subcutaneous calcaneal bursa, and dorsomedial pouch of tibiotarsal joints |
|
|
Term
| 4 synovial sacs of the equine tarsocrural joint and their interaction |
|
Definition
tarsocrural (large dorsomedial pouch)
proximo intertarsal
distal intertarsal
tarsometatarsal
ANS:
ALWAYS INTERACT - tarsocrural and proximal intertarsal
NEVER INTERACT - proximal intertarsal and distal intertarsal
SOMETIMES INTERACT - distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal |
|
|
Term
| metatarsophalangeal joint |
|
Definition
fetlock
hinge joint; collateral ligaments; palmar annular ligament and ligament of ergot |
|
|
Term
| proximal interphalangeal joint |
|
Definition
pastern
hinge joint; collateral ligaments; proximal annular ligament |
|
|
Term
| distal interphalangeal joint |
|
Definition
coffin
hinge joint; collateral ligament; distal annular ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iliosacral
superficial inguinal
popliteal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
m. pectineus
m. sartoris
body wall
vascular lacuna |
|
|
Term
| common calcaneal tendon contributors |
|
Definition
m. semitendinosus
m. gastrocnemius
SDF
m. gracilis
m. biceps femoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upward fixation of patella |
|
Definition
| untimely locking of patella over medial ridge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue replacing muscle after trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of calcaneal bursa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long plantar ligament inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tibiotarsal joint synovitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DJD of distal tarsal joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prominent bovine tuber ischiadicum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prominent bovine tuber coxae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central and 4th fused (centroquartal bone); 2nd and 3rd fused; small 1st |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long digital extensor medial insertion - digit 3
long digital extensor lateral insertion - digits 3 and 4
lateral digital extensor insertion - digit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on opposite sides of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| away from body; used on limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| towards back; more cranial par tof limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| towards body; used on limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka dorsal; divides into dorsal and ventral segments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka median; divides into right and left halves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka paramedian; parallel to midsagittal plane/median |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perpendicular to long axis (cross sections) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| even numbere of hooved toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odd number of hooved toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nature of a sesamoid bone |
|
Definition
| bone embedded within a tendon; protects tendon and increases mechanical effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loose CT; under skin; variable fat; loosely attached to body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loose CT; denser than superficial; wraps muscle (epimysium); penetrated by septa (carry vessels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skull, spine, ribs, sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone that supports larynx |
|
|
Term
| 3 serosa-lined body cavities |
|
Definition
| thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caudal border of abdomen to tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| straight, stiff topcoat; color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| curly, soft undercoat; insulating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sinus hair/vibrissae; whiskers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pigs and cats
mediopalmar aspect of crus
territorial claims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carnivores (dogs)
perianal skin
endocrine; sniff greeting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cats
outer lip
territorial claims
aka submental organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carnivores
walls of anal sac
marker during defication |
|
|
Term
| glands of infraorbital pouch |
|
Definition
sheep and other ungulates
rostral to eys, opening ventrolaterally
territorial claims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sheep
base of udder/scrotum
assist lamb to find udder |
|
|
Term
| glands of interdigital pouch |
|
Definition
sheep
tubular invaginations on forelimbs and hindlimbs
trail marker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
goats
caudomedial to horn base
breeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all species
sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands in prepuce; forms smegma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carnivores (dogs)
dorsal tail
breeding
aka suprecaudal organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 pairs (1 inguinal, 2 abcominal, 2 thoracic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7 pairs (2 inguinal, 2 thoracic, 3 abdominal) |
|
|
Term
| cow mammary glands (udder) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mare mammary glands (udder) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ewe and doe mammary glands (udder) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shortening potential of muscle |
|
Definition
| proportional to degree to which fibers are parallel to long axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proportional to cross-sectional area of muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parallel to long axis; good shortening potential; decreased strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spindle shaped; reduced shortening potential; increased strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibers at angle to long axis; very reduced shortening potential; good strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular muscle; reduction of diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more proximal; less mobile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| draws origin and insertion together |
|
|
Term
| support/extension phase of gait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swing/flexion phase of gait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moment of movement when foot passes supportive limb until it strikes the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moment of movement when foot leaves the ground until it passes contralateral supporting limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete loss of congruity between articulating bones of a joint (dislocation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete loss of congruity between bones in a joint |
|
|
Term
| muscle associated with gluteal surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with fovea capitis femoris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with greater trochanter |
|
Definition
| middle gluteal m. and deep gluteal m. |
|
|
Term
| associated with third trochanter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with extensor fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with tibial tuberosity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with popliteal notch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with extensor groove |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| draining region of superficial inguinal lymph node |
|
Definition
| mammae, prepuce, scrotum, and ventral abdominal wall to umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| draining region of popliteal lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connection between 2 blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| primary arterial blood supply to pelvic limb from abdominal aorta to pes |
|
Definition
| iliac a. --- femoral a. --- popliteal a. --- cranial tibial a. --- dorsal pedal a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory and motor neurons in a bundle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood pressure measurement |
|
|
Term
| tibial n. dysfunction manifestation |
|
Definition
| limits hock extension, digit flexion, foot sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| common peroneal n. dysfunction manifestation |
|
Definition
| limits hock flexion, digit extension, hock sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| tibial and common peroneal nn. dysfunction manifestations |
|
Definition
| non weight bearing; caudal stifle insensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outcome of teratogen exposure during preimplantation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outcome of teratogen exposure during embryonic period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outcome of teratogen exposure during fetal period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early developmental process |
|
Definition
| zygote (totipotent fertilized egg) --- clevage --- morula (8-16 cells) --- blastula (committed cells) --- inner cell mass begins division (becomes embryo) / trophoblast (becomes amniotic sac) --- bilaminar embryo --- trilaminar embryo (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm) --- primitive node and streak --- formation of notochord --- embryonic folding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rigid; fibrous/cartaliginous; dense CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mobile; fluid filled to allow gliding (diarthrosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous joint; 2 bones joined by CT ligaments; relatively immobile (eg. metacarpus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous joint; attachment of tooth to bone socket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous joint; union between bones is bone (eg. equine mandible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilaginous joint; temporary during growth; relatively immobile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilaginous joint; articulating bones divided by succession of tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bony landmarks of equine pelvis |
|
Definition
| tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, tuber ischiadicum |
|
|
