Term
|
Definition
| An ion bearing a positive charge ( i.e. chloride, bicarbonate, biphosphate and sulfate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ion bearing a negative charge (i.e. sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference in Active and Passive transport? |
|
Definition
Passive transport requires no energy.
Active transport requires energy, usually in the form of ATP |
|
|
Term
| What are the differences between hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic in relation to a cell? |
|
Definition
Hypertonic causes fluid in the cell to rush out and the cell shrivels and becomes dehydrated.
Hypotonic causes the cell to draw in fluid and the cell swells.
Isotonic causes no reaction |
|
|
Term
| Define the fluids crystalloid and colloid |
|
Definition
Crystalloid - most common IV solution used in emergency medicine. Contains water and electrolytes.
Colloid - a solution that contains large proteins that cannot pass through the capillary membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Different types of reactions- exchange decomposition, and synthesis |
|
Definition
Exchange decomposition - breaks a molecule into smaller fragments. ( "AB" becomes "A" and '"B")
Synthesis - forms small molecules into larger molecules ("A" and "B" form "AB") |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion? |
|
Definition
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane.
Diffusion is when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essental elaments and molecules obtained thru diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
| Potential energy versus kenitic energy |
|
Definition
Potential energy is stored energy (ADP)
Kenitic energy is energy of motion (ATP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compounds that stabilize pH by the addition or remove |
|
|
Term
| Arteriosclerosis vs Atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
Arteriosclerosis - thickening and toughening of arterial walls
Atherosclerosis - the formation of lipid deposits in the tunica media (the middle layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
veins - takes blood from capillaries to the heart
arteries - takes blood from the heart to the capillaries |
|
|
Term
| Types of receptors in parsympethics system |
|
Definition
Preganglionic - in the brain and in sacral segments of the spinal chord.
Ganglionic - in the peripheral ganglia within or adjacent to the target organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CO2 exits blood and O2 enters in the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| O2 exits the blood into the body and CO2 enters the body. |
|
|
Term
| Areas of the diencephalon |
|
Definition
| epithalamus, the thalamus, and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Synapesis of epineferine release vs ach release |
|
Definition
Epinephrine - Skeletal muscle fibers, liver cells and cardiac muscle fibers
ACh - parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| What is you limbic system responsible for? |
|
Definition
| contorls emotions, memories and behavioral drives |
|
|
Term
| Different types of memories |
|
Definition
Short term and long term in terms of the duration of the memory.
Fact and skill in terms of type |
|
|
Term
| What is the Frank Starlings principle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte movement in terms of polarization and depolarization? |
|
Definition
Sodium in during depolarization
Potassium out during repolarization |
|
|
Term
| Differences in subdural, subarachnoid and epidural and what you find in there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a soft flexible, fibrous region between two flat bones in the developing skull |
|
|
Term
| Difference in tissues (skeletal, smooth, cardiac, nervoius) |
|
Definition
Skeletal- Long, cylindrical, striated, and multinucleate
Smooth- Short, spindle shaped, and non-striated with a single, central nucleus
Cardiac-Short, branched, and striated; usually has a single nucleus; interconnected by intercalated discs
Nervous- longest type of cell in body |
|
|
Term
| What does myelin do for neurons? |
|
Definition
| increases the speed in which a action potential travels along axon |
|
|
Term
| Ach – what type of neuron / areas |
|
Definition
| Located in brain and PNS. Dominate in PNS. |
|
|
Term
| 5 functions of skeletal muscles |
|
Definition
1) Produce movement
2) Maintain posture and body position
3) Support soft tissues
4) Guard entrances and exits
5) Maintain body temperature |
|
|
Term
| What are your pacemaker cells |
|
Definition
| cells in the SA node that set the pace of cardiac contraction |
|
|
Term
| What type of acid does midochonriria use to make ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Depolarization / repolarization process |
|
Definition
Depolorization - Sodium rushes into cell
Repolorization - Potassium exits cell |
|
|
Term
| The enzyme that breakes down ach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Different types of fractures |
|
Definition
Greenstick - Broke on one half and bent on other
Torus - swelling or buckling with little to no displacement
Transverse - A break perpendicular to the long axis of bone
Oblique - A break diagonally across bone
Spiral - break caused by a twisting force to the bone
Comminuted - a break with multiple fragments
Segmental - multiple breaks causing a floating segment of bone |
|
|
Term
| The parts of the heart in terms of blood flow |
|
Definition
| Left ventricle, left atrium, right atrium & right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Different devision of the nervrious system |
|
Definition
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS) |
|
|
Term
| Efarent vs afarent – in terms of info transmission |
|
Definition
Afferent - Caries information from receptors to the CNS (Cause)
Efferent -Carries information from the CNS to the Effectors (Response) |
|
|
Term
| Beta 1 receptors cause what – Dialate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a refractory period |
|
Definition
| the period between the initiation of an action potential and the restoration of the normal resting potential; during this period the membrane will not respond to more simulation |
|
|
Term
| Pulminory circuit vs systemic circuit (including heart side association) |
|
Definition
Pulmonary Circuit is the lungs and is receives blood from the right ventricle and into the lungs. From the lungs, the blood returns to the left atrium.
Systemic circuit receives blood from the left ventricle and flows into all areas of the body other then the lungs and the returns to the heart in the right atrium. |
|
|
Term
| Different types of joints based on type of motion |
|
Definition
Synarthrosis - No movement
Amphiarthosis - little movement
Diarthosis - Free movement |
|
|
Term
| Highest pressuere vs lowest pressure |
|
Definition
highest pressure is found in the aorta
lowest pressure is found in the venae cavea |
|
|
Term
| Right coronary artery supplies what part of heart |
|
Definition
| the right atrium and portions of both ventricles |
|
|
Term
| Heart attack is mostly cause by |
|
Definition
| severe coronary artery disease |
|
|
Term
| Irregularity is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the electolite that causes the allows the platue phase in cardiac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hyper/hypo in terms of potassium and calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bradycardia and Tachicardia |
|
Definition
Bradychardia is a slow heart beat
Tachicardia is a fast heart beat |
|
|
Term
| What is the fastest number contractions a heart can beat per minute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stroke volume vs cardiac output |
|
Definition
Stroke Volume - the amount of blood ejected by a single contraction of a ventricle
Cardiac Output - the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute |
|
|
Term
| Nerve that monitor baroreceptors |
|
Definition
| aortic sinuses, carotid sinuses, and right atrium |
|
|
