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| What is Regional Anatomy? |
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Definition
| It considers all the superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body |
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| What is Systemic Anatomy? |
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Definition
| It considers the structure of the major organ systems. |
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| What is Microscopic Anatomy? |
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Definition
| Concerns structures that cannot be seen without magnification. |
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Definition
| It is the study of cells, which are composed of chemical substances and our lives depend on the chemical processes that occur in those cells. |
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| It takes a broader perspective and examines tissues, which are group of specialized cells that work together to perfor specific functions. |
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| "Cardium" refers to what? |
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| "-logy" means/refers to what? |
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| Metabolism refers to what? |
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Definition
| The chemical opertations that take place in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek word meaning "a cutting open", it refers to the study of the PHYSICAL internal and external structures and the PHYSICAL relationships between body part. |
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Definition
| The study of HOW living organisms pergorm their vital functions. |
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Definition
| What is seen with the naked eye |
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| What is considered the cornerstone of human physiology? |
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Definition
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| The study of the funcitons of living cells including what takes place and chemical and molecular levels- both within and between the cells. |
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Definition
| The study of specific organs |
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| What is Systemic physiology? |
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Definition
| It considers all aspects of the function of specific organ systems. |
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| Pathological physiology or Pathology is? |
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Definition
| The study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions |
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| The greek word "pathos" means what? |
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Definition
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| Why do organisms need Metabolic operations? |
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Definition
| Organisms rely on complex chemical reactions to provide the energy required for responsiveness, growth, reproduction and movement. They must also synthesize complex chemicals, ie proteins. And your Metabolism creates these complex chemical reactions. |
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Term
| A tissue is composed of what? |
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Definition
| Similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. |
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Term
| How many levels of Organization are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the levels or Organization? |
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Definition
| Chemical or Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism (ie: human being) |
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Term
| How many organ systems are in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 11 organ systems in the human body are? |
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Definition
| (1) the integumentary system, (2) the skeletal system, (3) the muscular system, (4) the nervous system, (5) the endocrine system, (6) the cardiovascular system, (7) the lymphatic system, (8) the respiratory system, (9) the digestive system, (10) the urinary system, (11) the reproductive system |
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Term
| The term homeostatic regulation refers to? |
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Definition
| The adjustments in physiological systems that perserve homeostatsis. |
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Term
| Homeostatic regulation usually involves three key factors to help control homeostasis, what are they? |
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Definition
| (1) a receptor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus, (2) a control center, or integration center, which receives and processes information from the receptor: and (3) an effector, which responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity opposes or reinforces the stimulus. |
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Term
| What are the most imprtant generators of body heat? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Regardless of whether the stimulus rises or falls at the receptor, a variation outside normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation |
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| Most homeostatic mechanisms in the body involve what feedback? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thermoregulation is what? |
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Definition
| The control of body temperature |
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Term
| What does thermoregulation involve? |
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Definition
| Altering the relationship between heat loss and heat production. |
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Term
| How does your body regulate temperature if it rises? |
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Definition
| The thermoregulatory control center in located in the brain. Temperature receptors are located in the skin and in cells in the control center. Normal temp is 98.6. If it rises, the control center tragets two effectors: (1) smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels that supply the skin and (2) sweat glands. The muscle tissue relaxes and blood vessels widen that inturn increases blood flow and the sweat glands accelerate their secretion. Skin acts like radiator and loses heat to environment and evaporation of sweat speeds process. Temp returns to normal, thermoregulator center becomes inactive till needed again. |
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Term
| How does the body regulate temp. if it drops? |
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Definition
| The control center targets the same two effectors but this time the blood flow declines and sweat activity decreases. This combo reduces the rate of heat loss to the environment. Due to heat production still continuing in the body the temp. balance with level and everything goes back to normal resting levels. |
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Term
| What is positive feedback? |
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Definition
| It is the initial stimulus produced from a response that reinforces that stimulus. |
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| What is an example of positive feedback? |
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Definition
| Blood clotting. When you get injured and your recieve a cut, the damaged blood vessel wall releases chemicals that begin the multistep process of blood clotting. As clotting gets underway, each step releases chemicals taht accelerate the process. That accelerated process is a positive feedback. |
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Term
| What does that Latin word Brachium mean and what does it refer to? |
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Definition
| "to embrace" , Brachium refers to the arm |
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Term
| What are the four Abdominopelvic quadrants? |
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Definition
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Term
| RLQ pain is indicative of? |
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Definition
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Term
| RUQ pain is indicative of? |
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Definition
| gallbladder or liver problems |
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Term
| The Abdominopelvic regions are how many and what? |
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Definition
| 9 regions. From pt right to left, top to bottom(1)right hypochondriac region (2) Epigastric region (3) left hypochondriac region (4) Right lumbar region (5) umbilical region (6) left lumbar region (7) right inguinal region (8) hypogastric(pubic) region (9) left inguinal region |
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| The sagital plane divides the body into what portions and how does it run? |
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Definition
| Left and right, runs across the body's midline vertically |
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Term
| The Frontal plane divides the body how and where is it located? |
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Definition
| It extends laterally side to side and divides body into anterior and posterior protions. Runs vertical thru body |
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Term
| What is the transverse plane? |
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Definition
| It is a sectional plane that divides the body into superior and inferior protions also called cross section. It runs horizontally thru body |
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Term
| Superficial in relation to anatomy region means? |
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Definition
| At, near, or relatively close to body surface |
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Term
| Deep in relation to anatomy region means? |
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Definition
| Farther from the body surface |
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Term
| Caudal in relation to anatomy region means? |
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Definition
| The tail (coccyx in humans) |
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Term
| What are the two vital functions of Body Cavities? |
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Definition
| (1) they protect delicate organs, (2) the permit significant changes in the size and shape of internal organs |
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Term
| The Ventral body cavity or coelom contains what organs? |
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Definition
| All but is divided by diaphragm and divided into two cavities |
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Term
| What are the cavities called that the diaphragm seperates? |
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Definition
| (1)The thorasic cavity and (2) the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Term
| Describe Thorasic cavity. |
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Definition
| it is bounded by chest wall and holds the pair of pleural cavities and pericardial cavity. |
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Term
| Describe the Abdominopelvic cavity. |
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Definition
| It is enclosed by the abdominal wall and by the bones and muscles of the pelvis |
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Term
| The organs in the thorasic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined by what moist internal spaces? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A delicate layer that lines the walls of the thorasic and abdominopelvic cavities and cover the surfaces of the enclosed viscera |
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Term
| What is the difference between the visceral layer and parietal layer? |
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Definition
| The portion of a serous membrane that covers a visceral organ is called the visceral layer; the opposing layer that lines the inner surface of the body wall or chamber is called the parietal layer |
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Term
| Each cavity in the Thorasic cavity is covered with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in the pericardial cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Serous membrane that surroundes the heart is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The internal organs in the thorasic and abdominopelvic cavity are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pericardium lies where inside thorasic cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The visceral pleura covers what? |
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Definition
| The outer layer of the lung |
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Term
| The parietal pleura covers? |
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Definition
| The opposing surface of the mediastinum and the inner body wall |
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Term
| Describe the abdominopelvic cavity. |
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Definition
| It extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis. Its subdivided a superior abdominal cavity and inferior pelvic cavity. |
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Term
| The abdominopelvic cavity hold what three cavities? |
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Definition
| (1) The peritoneal cavity, (2) Abdominal cavity, (3) Pelvic cavity |
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Term
| The peritoneal cavity is lined by a serous membrane known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
| It extends from the inferior surface of the diaphragm to the level of the superior margins of the plvis. It contains the liver, stromach, spleen, small intestine and most of the large intestine. |
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Term
| Describe the Pelvic cavity. |
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Definition
| It is the protion of the ventral vody cavity inferior to the abdominal cavity. It contains the distal protion of the large intestine, urinary bladder and various reporductive organs |
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Term
| The Integumentary system is composed of what? |
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Definition
| Skin-epidermis and dermis |
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Term
| The Integumentary system's primary functions are? |
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Definition
| Protect against environment hazards; help control body temp. |
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Term
| The Skeletal system's primary function is? |
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Definition
| Provides support; protect tissues; store minerals; forms blood |
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Term
| What does the Skeletal system consist of? |
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Definition
| Bones, cartilages, joints, and bone marrow |
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Term
| The muscular system primary functions is to? |
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Definition
| Allow locomotion; support and produces heat |
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Term
| The muscular system consist of what? |
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Definition
| 700 skeletal muscles, axial muscles, appendicular muscles, and tendons |
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Term
| The nervous system primary functions are? |
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Definition
| To direct immediate response to stimuli |
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Term
| The nervous system consist of what? |
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Definition
| central nervous system, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| The endocrine system primary functions are? |
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Definition
| directing long term changes in activities of other organ systems |
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Term
| The endocrine system consist of what? |
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Definition
| pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, gonads-testes or ovaries |
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Term
| The cardiovascular system consist of what? |
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Definition
| heart, blood vessels-arteries, capillaries and veins, and blood |
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Term
| The cardiovascular system primary functions are? |
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Definition
| transport cells and dissolve materials, including nutrients, waste, and gases. |
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Term
| The lymphatic system consist of what? |
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Definition
| lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus |
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Term
| What is the lymphatic system primary functions? |
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Definition
| Defend against infection and disease; return tissue fluids to the bloodstream |
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Term
| The respiratory system primary functions is to? |
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Definition
| Deliver air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and curculation blood |
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Term
| The respiratory system consist of? |
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Definition
| Nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli |
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Term
| The digestive system primary functions are? |
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Definition
| process food and absorb nutrients |
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Term
| The digestive system consist of? |
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Definition
| salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and large intenstine |
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Term
| The urinary system consist of and what are its primary functions? |
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Definition
| Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
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Term
| The reproductive system functions are and consists of what? |
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Definition
| Male- testes, accessory organs-epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and urethra, external genitalia |
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Term
| What is Regional Anatomy? |
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Definition
It considers all the superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body
ie: head, neck, trunk, abdomen |
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