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| to pour liquid off a solid or perhaps a denser liquid. In which the denser phase is left behind |
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| the substance being measured |
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| suspension of a solid in a solvent |
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| liquid remaining above the solid after precipitation |
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| solution whose composition is known by virtue of the way that it was made from reagent of a known purity or by virtue of its reaction with a known quantity of a standard reagent |
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| a graph showing the value of some property verse concentration of the analyte. when the corresponding property of an unknown is mesured it concentration can be determined on a graph |
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| a phenomenon in which the presence of one substance changes the response in the analyis of another |
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| a representative sample prepared from heterogeneous materia. If the material consist of distinct regionsthe composite is made of portions of each region with rellarive amounts proportionalto the size of each region |
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| a substance that dissociates into ions in solution |
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| mostly dissociates into ions in solution |
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| partically dissociates into ions in solution |
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| chemical analysis based on weighing a final product |
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| a techniquein which the volume of material needed to react with the analyte is measured |
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| the substance added to the anaylye in a titration |
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| a procedure in which one substance is carefully added to another until complete reaction has occured. The quantitky of titrant required for complete reaction tells us how much analyte is present. |
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| a graph showing how the concentration of a reactant or a physical property of the solution varies as one reactant is added to another |
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| a reagent that is pure enough and stable enough to be used directly after weighing. the entire mass is considered to be pure reagent |
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| point in a titration at which there is a sudden change in a physical propertysuch as indicator color, pH or absorbance used to measure equivalence point |
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| point in titration at which the quantity of the titrant is exactl sufficient for stoichiometric reaction with the analyte |
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| one in which the analyte is treated with titrant and the volume of the titrant required for complete reaction is measured |
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| one in which a solution containing all reagents except analyte is titrated. the volume of the titrant neeed in the blank titration should be subtracted from the volume needed to titrate the unknown |
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| one in which excess standard reagent is added to react with the analyte.then the excess reagent is titrated with a second reagent or with a standard solution of analyte |
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| a high purity chemical generally suitable for use in quantitive analysis and meeting purity requirements set by organizations such as the american chemical society |
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| chemical analysis of very low levels of analyte typically ppm and lower |
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| expresses the margin of uncertainty associated with a measurement |
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| compares the size of the absolute uncertianty with the size of its associated measurement |
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| how close a measurement is to the true value |
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| random error/ indeterminate error |
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| uncontrollable errors that can not be eliminated but can be reduced |
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| systimatic/determinate error |
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Definition
| arises from flaw in equipement or design in experiment |
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| theoretical bell shaped distribution of measurements when all error is random the center of the curve is the mean and the width is characterized by standard deviation |
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| the square of the standard deviation |
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| a statistic measuring of how closely data are clustered about the mean value. |
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| standard deviation of the mean |
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Definition
| the standard deviation of a set of measurements divided by the square root of the number of measurements in the set |
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