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| Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) (1944) |
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| Supported transition of 15 million veterans to a peacetime economy; half the GI's continued their education at the Government's expense, 2 million attended college; $16 billion in loans were given for housing, farming, and businesses |
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| An explosion in births and marriages, resulting in 50 million babies born between 1945 and 1960; One third of all married women worked outside the home |
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| Caused by William J. Levitt and his mass produced low-priced homes; low interest rate mortgages (government insured and tax deductible); the majority of Americans moved to the suburbs; by the 1960s, older cities from Boston to Los Angeles were increasingly poor and racially divided |
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| States from Florida to California that had a warmer climate, lower taxes, and economic opportunities in defense related insudtries |
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| A moderate Democratic senator from Missouri; FDR's vice-president in 1944 election; president after FDR's death in 1945 |
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| A watered down version of proposed bills to increase minimum wage, and commit funding to maintain full employment |
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| Council of Economic Advisors |
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| Designed to counsel the president and Congress on means of promoting economic welfare |
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| Southern Democrats joined with Republicans to relax controls of Office of Price Administration, causing an inflation rate of 25% in the first year and a half of peace |
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| Over 4.5 million workers went on strike in 1946, strikes by railroad and mine workers threatened national safety, Truman seized mines and railroads until United Mine Workers called off the strike |
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| Committee on Civil Rights |
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| Established by Truman in 1946; strengthened the civil rights division of the Justice Department |
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| 1951; Constitutional amendment to limit a president to two full terms in office |
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| Outlawed contracts requiring workers to join a union before being hired; permitted states to pass laws preventing workers from having to join a union after being hired; outlawed secondary boycotts; gave the president the power to invoke an 80 day period before a strike threatening national safety |
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| Party that formed during the election of 1948, who nominated Henry Wallace, and supported Truman's progressive policies |
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| Former vice president under FDR, nominated for president by Progressive Party in 1948 |
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| States-Rights Party (Dixiecrats) |
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| Southern Democrats who rejected Truman's support for Civil Rights |
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| Selected as the Dixiecrat candidate in the election of 1948 |
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| Selected as the Republican candidate in the election of 1948; he had an overly cautious and unexciting campaign |
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| A series of bills proposed by Truman in 1949; all bills but one to increase wages from 40 cents to 75 cents an hour; mainly defeated by Truman's political conflicts with congress and the Cold War |
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| An ideological conflict between the United States (Democracy / Capitalism) and the Soviet Union (Dictatorship / Communism) |
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| The coalition of states in Eastern Europe, that formed from Russian conquests in World War II |
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| Founded in the fall of 1945; to provide representation for all member nations; Security Council consisted of 15 nations, responsible for maintaining international security, and authorizing peacekeeping missions; the United States , Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union were given were given permanent seats and |
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| AKA International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Created at Bretton Woods Conference in 1944; funded rebuilding of Europe |
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| Communist leaders were placed in control of Soviet occupied states, such as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia; designed to protect Russia from invasion |
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| A term used by Churchill to describe the wall of Soviet Satellite States |
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| The prime minister of Britain during World War II |
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| An expert in Soviet Affairs who advised Truman during the Cold War |
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| The Undersecretary of State during Truman's regime |
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| The United States policy proposed by Kennan stating that the nation was against the spread of Communism |
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| The first implementation of the Containment policy was the sending of $400 million to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of Communism |
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| A plan by George Marshall to revive European economies; Marshall submitted a $17 billion European Recovery Program, and only $12 billion was approved and distributed to European Countries; the Soviet Union refused aid |
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| In June 1948, the Soviets cut off all access by land to Berlin; Truman used planes to fly in supplies to West Berlin, and sent 60 atomic bombers to England, and by May 1949, Stalin ended the blockade |
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| A soviet satellite created from the Eastern Half of Germany after the Berlin Airlift |
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| A U.S. Ally that was formed from the Western part of Germany after the Berlin Airlift |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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| An alliance formed by ten European nations and the United States to defend members from attack |
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| National Security Act (1947) |
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| Provided for a centralized Department of Defense to coordinate the operations of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; Created the National Security Council (NSC) to coordinate foreign policy; created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to gather information on foreign governments |
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| The race between the Soviet Union and the United States over which nation has the greatest ability to respond to aggression, through more advanced weapons systems |
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| A secret report that stated that the US defense spending had to be quadrupled to 20% of GDP, alliances should be formed with non-Communist countries around the world; convince the american public that an arms buildup was necessary for the nation's defense |
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| U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty |
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Definition
| The treaty signed in 1951 that ended the formal occupation of Japan but also provided for US troops to remain in military bases in Japan to protect against external enemies |
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| A general in the US Army, who took control of the reconstruction of Japan; created a parliamentary democracy |
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| A power struggle in the late 1920s between the Nationalist or Kuomintang party and the Chinese Communists to control China's central government |
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| The head of China's Nationalist party; driven out of China by the Communist Forces |
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| A country located near China; previously known as Formosa; the location of the Chinese Nationalist retreat |
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| The leader of the Communist forces in China; became head of China after civil war |
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| People's Republic of China |
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| The state formed after Mao Zedong drove out the nationalists from China |
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| The leader of Soviet Russia, and a communist dictator |
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| The Communist leader of North Korea |
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| The US supported conservative nationalist in South Korea |
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| An action by the US government to stop the spread of Communism to South Korea which turned into a push to reclaim North Korea, and unite the two nations |
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| The initial force sent to Korea to prevent the taking of South Korea by North Korea |
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| The location of the dividing line agreed upon by North Korea and South Korea at the armistice at the end of the Korean war |
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| Dennis et al. v. United States |
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| The Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court supported the Smith Act of 1940 |
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| Made it illegal to teach or advocate the overthrow of the government |
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| McCarran Internal Security Act (1950) |
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Definition
| Made it unlawful to advocate or support the establishment of a totalitarian government; restricted employment and travel of those joining Communist-front companies; authorized the creation of detention camps for subversives |
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| House Un-American Activities Committee |
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| (HUAC); established in 1939 to seek out Nazies, reactivated to find Communists; investigated government activities and youth organizations |
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| A prominent official in the state department who was convicted of perjury for denying he was a communist, and was sent to prison |
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| A confessed Communist who became a star witness in the Alger Hiss trial |
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| The trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in New York who were found guilty of treason and executed in 1953, but who's trial may have been the product of anti-communist hysteria |
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| A Republican Senator from Wisconsin who used the growing concern over communism ; he charged that over 205 communists were working in the state department; he was discredited in 1954, and died three years later |
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