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| A fort at Charleston, South Carolina owned by the Federal Government; first battle of civil war; supplies sent to reinforce it, giving South choice to open fire or hold back; South opened fire; April 12, 1861 |
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| The powers provided to the president by congress and the constitution; Lincoln called for 75,000 troops, war spending, and te suspension of habeaus corpus |
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| The write to be unable to he jailed without having charges against the accused declared |
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| A rebellion from within a nation against a ruling authority; rebellion against authority |
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| The states on the border between the North and the South; Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky; would have weakened Northern position, and provided a 50% population boost to the South |
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| Confederate States of America |
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| Composed of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kansas, Georgia, Alabama, Luisiana, and Florida; modeled after United States; six year presidential term; Congress couldn't tax or make internal improvements |
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| Head of the Confederacy; tried to increase powers during war but prevented by southern governors |
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| Confederate Vice President; pushed for Georgia to seceed from Confederacy; defended states rights |
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| First Battle of Civil War; at Manassas Junction, Virginia; 30,000 federal troops fought, but were defeated and routed by Confederate reinforcements; ended illusion of short war |
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| Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson |
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| Confederate general who was nearly impossible to defeat defensively |
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| General-in-chief of the Union Army; veteran of 1812 and Mexican wars |
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| A plan to use the navy to blocde southern ports to cut off essential supplies; control the Mississippi to divide the Confederacy; create an army of 500,000 |
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| Commander of the Union army in the East; spent a long time training, then was defeated by Confederate General Robert E. Lee in Virginia in March March 1862; he was replaced by General John Pope |
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| A brilliant Confederate General, who became the commanedr of the South's Eastern forces |
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| Bloodiest battle of the war; 22,000 men killed; Union forces knew Confederate battle plan, and Lee was unable to break Union lines at Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland; prevented Confederate recognition |
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| General Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan, and he attacked Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virginia, suffering 12,000 casualties, with 5,000 Confederate casualties |
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| Two ironclad ships, with the Monitor owned by the Union, and the Merrimax owned by the Confederates; fought to determine control of Mississippi, ended in a draw |
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| General in northern attack on Mississippi River; used gunboats and maneuvers to capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River; held back an attack at Shiloh, Tennessee |
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| General Albert Johnson vs. General Ulysses S. Grant; Union forced Confederate retreat; 23,000 dead or wounded |
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| Captured New Orleans with Union navy in April 1862 |
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| North attacked a British ship, Trent, and took James Mason and John Slidell, Confederate Diplomats who were trying to get recognition; they were returned when Britain threatened war |
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| A Confederate Commerce-raider that captured over 60 vessels |
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| Ships with iron rams used to destroy wooden ships |
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| Acts stating that slaves captured due to war were free, and that any slaves owned by Confederates were free |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Freed slaves in Confederate States; proclamed in 1863 by President Abraham Lincoln |
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| General Lee attacked Union troops at Gettysburg, and lost most of his army, causing a retreat; 50,000 casualties overall; July 1, 1863 |
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| Union artillery bombarded Vicksburg for weeks before it surrenderd on July 4, along with 29,000 soldiers, giving the US control of the entire Mississippi |
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| General William Tecumseh Sherman led a force of 100,000 men, and destroyed anything that they came across in Confederate territory; ended in February 1865 at Columbia, South Carolina |
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| Democrat's candidate: George McClellan; Republicans became Unionists, chose Lincoln with Senator Andrew Johnson as VP; Lincoln won |
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| The site of the Confederate surrender, where Lee was cut off by Grant |
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| an embittered actor and southern sympathizer who shot Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington |
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| A smaller party that developed after after the civil war, similiar to the Peace Democrats |
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| 1866; Supreme Court ruled that military trials can only be used when civilian trials are impossible |
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| Riots against the draft that was needed to procure the forces for the Civil War; located in New York City amonst the Irish Americans; 117 people were killed |
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| Currency released by the Union during the war to fund the war; $430 million printed |
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| Raised Tariff rates to increase revenue and protect manufacturers |
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| promoted settlement of the Great Plains through parcels of 160 acres of land free to those who would farm there for 5 years |
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| Morill Land Grant Act (1862) |
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| encouraged states to use sale of land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges |
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| Pacific Railway Act (1862) |
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| Building of transocntinental railroad over northern route in order to link California and western territories to eastern states |
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| Second American Revolution |
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| The social and economic change brought about by the Civil War |
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