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| The elimination of social classes; equality for white males; opportunity in proportion to their ability |
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| Western states (Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), and Missouri (1821)) adopted constitutions allowing all white males to vote and hold offices; eastern states followed suit |
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| Party Nominating Conventions |
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| Large gatherings of party politicians and voters who nominated a party's candidates; replaced "King Caucus" |
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| A closed door meeting of a party's Congressional leaders where candidates were picked |
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| Popular Election of the President |
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| The new method of a voters choosing the members of the electoral college, instead of their being appointed by the legislature |
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| A party created around the idea that the secret societies of the Masons were a privileged anti-democratic elite |
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| A smaller party dedicated to reaching out to those who had little interest in politics |
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| The process of replacing officials of a previous administration with supporters who had actively campaigned for their election |
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| A candidate from Massachusetts who won the election of 1824, despite losing the popular vote |
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| Henry Clay's use of his political influence to convince his voting base to vote for John Quincy Adams, so that he could win the Electoral vote; evidenced by Henry Clay becoming the Secretary of State |
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| Candidate in the 1824 Presidential Election; Secretary of state under John Quincy Adams; participated in "corrupt bargain" |
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| Tariff of 1828 / "Tariff of Abominations" |
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| a new tariff law that satisfied northern manufacturers, but alienated southern planters, who called it the "Tariff of Abominations" |
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| Won the majority of the popular vote in 1824 election; slandered Adams (wife born out of wedlock); slandered by Adams (wife was adulterer); elected in 1828 |
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| Appeals to the public through advertising and images; visiting public; grassroots campaigns |
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| Jackson's victory in the election of 1828, where he took every state west of the Appalachians; three times the number of voters participated in the election, as in the last election |
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| Jackson interpreted the powers of the president narrowly, and vetoed more bills, and opposed federal spending and repayment of national debt |
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| Jackson limited officeholders to one term, and replaced them with other Democrats, to reinforce the idea that any American can hold and office |
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| Jackson tried to help the ostracized wife of his secretary of war (Peggy Eaton), but caused his cabinet to quit, when he forced them to allow her to attend parties, despite their claims that she was an adulterer |
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| Indian Removal Act (1830) |
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Definition
| Forced Indians to relocate to the west, and was overseen by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (1836); most tribes complied by 1835 |
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| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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Definition
| 1831; Cherokees objected to Georgian laws requiring them to move west; Supreme Court ruled they were not a foreign nation with the right to sue in federal court |
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| 1832; Supreme court ruled that Georgia had no force within the boundaries of the Cherokee land |
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| The forced relocation of 15,000 Cherokees from Georgia, where they faced hardships, and nearly 4,000 died |
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| The rights of states to hold some parts of their governments separate from the federal government |
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| Idea proposed by John C. Calhoun; any state could decide whether to obey a federal law, or ignore it; Federal government opposed; strong defense allowed military action to be unnecessary |
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| 1830; debate over whether any state could leave the Union |
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| Former vice-president under Jackson (resigned), South Carolinian Senator; believed in preservation of Union, and strong states rights |
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| Proclamation to the People of South Carolina |
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| A presidential statement warning that nullification and disunion were treason, and that military action could be taken to suppress a rebellion |
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| Bank of the United States |
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Definition
| Privately owned bank responsible for the finances of the United States; rechartering bill vetoed in 1830 |
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| The president of the Bank of the United States; arrogant |
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| System where two main parties sponsor candidates for presidential elections |
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| Supporters of Jackson who favored local rule, limited government, and equal opportunity (more info on page 191's chart) |
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| Supporters of Henry Clay; Favored American System, Opposed immorality (more info on page 191's chart) |
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| Secretary of Treasury under Jackson; transfered funds after removal of National Bank |
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| Various state banks, which were selected by the government to act as centers of commerce |
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| Required federal lands to be purchased with gold or silver |
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| Series of bank closures due to withdrawals of funds to purchase and speculate on land |
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| Jackson's vice president; President after Jackson; |
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| "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" Campaign |
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| Campaign that played on William Henry Harrison's humble origins in the election of 1840 |
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