Term
| Define Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
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Definition
| Proliferating neoplastic myeloid cells in BM that suppresses normal hematopoietic cells by physical replacement |
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Term
| What is the clinical picture of Acute Myeloid Leukemia? |
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Definition
| Anemia, Neutropenia, and Thrombocytopenia leading to the symptoms: fatigue, bleeding, etc |
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Term
| What all can cause Acute Myeloid Leukemia? |
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Definition
| Ionizing radiation, Drugs/Chemical agents (known as therapy relayed meyloid neoplasms), Viruses (EBV), trisomy 21 |
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Term
| What is the Diagnostic criteria for Acute Myeloid Leukemia? |
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Definition
| Myeloid lineage blasts comprised of at least 20% of bone marrow/peripheral blood -OR- any of these genetic abnormalities: t(15;17), t(8;21), inv(16) |
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Term
| How do you determine Myeloblast vs Lymphocyte in peripheral blood since they look so similar? |
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Definition
| Auer rods (Myeloid cells only, so sort of neoplasm causes it) |
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Term
| What is the WHO classification for Acute Myeloid Leukemia? |
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Definition
| Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, prior drug exposure and a history of myelodysplastic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| AML without maturation or differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
| AML with differentiation or maturation |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia |
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Term
| What are the 3 different classifications of Acute Myeloid Leukemia based on WHO classificaiton? |
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Definition
| 1) AML with t(8;21), 2) AML with inv(16), 3) APL with t(15;17) |
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Term
| How does WHO classify the non-recurrent genetic Acute Myeloid Leukemias? |
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Definition
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia, not otherwise specified |
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Term
| Which 3 Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AMLs) have the most favorable prognosis? |
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Definition
| t(8;21)/M2, inv(16)/M4, t(15;17)/M3 |
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Term
| Describe Acute Promyelocyte Leukemia (APL) with t(15;17) (similar to AML-M3) |
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Definition
| t(15;17) results in PML-RARA fusion that arrests maturation in promyelocytes resulting in proliferation of abnormal promyelocytes |
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Term
| APL with t(15;17) does not express what biomarkers uring immunophenotyping? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prognosis of APL with t(15;17)? |
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Definition
| Initially horrible due to possibility of DIC, but excellent if the initial phase is taken care of |
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Term
| What is APL with t(15;17) treated with effectively? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does AML with t(8;21) correspond with in FAB class? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the blasts in bone marrow look like in AML with t(8;21)? |
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Definition
| Cytoplasmic hofs, Auer rods, Salmon-colored granules |
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Term
| Immunophenotyping of AML with t(8;21) shows what? |
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Definition
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Term
| AML with inv(16) corresponds to what FAB classification? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the blasts look like in bone marrow of AML with inv(16)? |
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Definition
| Monocytic differentiation of the blasts with Eosinophils that have Dense Blue Granules (atypical) |
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Term
| AML with FLT3 mutations have what prognosis? |
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Definition
| Horrible prognosis require transplant |
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Term
| Define Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
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Definition
| Group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by maturation defects resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis |
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Term
| The abnormal stem cell clone takes up space in the bone marrow and eventually will transform to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Myelodysplastic Syndromes usually manifest? |
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Definition
| Peripheral blood cytopenias due to early cell death in BM |
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Term
| What lineages do Myelodysplastic Syndromes show abnormalities in? |
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Definition
| Can be just one (WBCs, RBCs, Megakaryocytes) OR all 3 or 2... doesn't matter |
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Term
| *What defines Myelodysplastic Syndrome associated with isolated del(5q)? |
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Definition
| Anemia, Normal/Increased Megakaryocytes with hypolobated nuclei (elderly lady q-stem) |
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