Term
| What 4 amino acids are produced from glucose through components of the glycositic pathway? |
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Definition
| serine(S), glycine(G), cysteine(C), and alanine(A) |
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Term
| Alpha-ketoglutarate (from the TCA cycle) is a prescursor for what amino acids? |
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Definition
| glutamate(E), glutamine(Q), proline(P), and arginine(R) |
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Term
| Oxaloacetate (from the TCA cycle) is a precursor for what amino acids? |
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Definition
| Aspartate(E) and Asparigine(N) |
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Term
| What is the quintessential coenzyme of amino acid metabolism. In degradation, it is involved in the removal of amino groups, principally through transamination reactions and in donation of amino groups for various amino acid biosynthetic pathways? It is also required for certain reactions that involve the carbon skeleton of amino acids. |
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Definition
| Pyridoxal phosphate (derived fromvB6) |
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Term
| What is a coenzyme that is used to transfer one-carbon groups at various oxidation states? It is used in both amino acid degradation (e.g.,serine and histidine) and biosynthesis(e.g.,glycine). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cofactor that is required for ring hydroxylation reactions (e.g.,phenylalanine to tyrosine)? |
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Definition
| BH4 (Tetrahydrobiopterin) |
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Term
| Tyrosine(W) is synthesized from which essential amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Cysteine(C) get its S(sulfur)? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an amino acid's carbon skeleton can be converted to a precursor of glucose, it can be considered to be? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an amino acid's carbon skeleton can be converted directly to acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate, it can be considered to be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which amino acids produce pyruvate when degraded? |
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Definition
serine(S), alanine(A), cysteine(C), threonine(T), glycine(G), and Tryptophan(W)
SACTGW |
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Term
| What two essential amino acids are strictly ketogenic and only produce acetoacetate and acetyl-CoA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two amino acids are derived from OAA and go back to that when degraded? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three amino acids are derived from Fumarate and go back to that when degraded? |
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Definition
| Aspartate(D), Tyrosine(Y), and Phenylalanine(W) |
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Term
| What four enzymes go through several conversions to eventually enter the TCA cycle as succinyl-CoA? |
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Definition
| Valine(V), Threonine(T), Isoleucine(I), and Methionine(M) |
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Term
| What amino acid enters the TCA cycle as a-ketoglutarate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 amino acids convert to glutamate before entering the TCA cycle as a-ketglutarate? |
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Definition
| Arginine(R), Glutamine(Q), Histidine(H), and Proline(P) |
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Term
| What 4 amino acids are degraded into acetyl-CoA? |
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Definition
| Threonine(T), Isoleucine(I), Lysine(K), and Tryptophan(W) |
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Term
| What produced from Glycine can precipitate with calcium and from a kidney stone? |
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Definition
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Term
| A lack of the transaminase that can convert glyoxylate to glycine leads to the disease that has a consequence of renal failure attributable to excessive accumulation of oxalate in the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Individuals with a genetically normal cystathionase can also develop cystathionuria from a dietary deficiency of... |
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Definition
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Term
| What produces alanine from pyruvate? |
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Definition
| alanine aminotransaminase (ALT)- if this is seen in the blood, probable liver leakage from damage to the liver |
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Term
| Certain types of tumor cells, particularly leukemic cells, require _______ for their growth. Therefore this can be used as a treatment. |
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Definition
| asparagine- treat with asparaginase- converts asparagine in the blood to aspartate reducing the amount of free asparagine |
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Term
| What deficiency will lead to an accumulation of a-keto acids in the blood because of an inability of pyruvate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and branched-chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase to catalyze their reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease of the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase that oxidatively decarboxylates the branched-chain amino acids is defective? As a result, the branched-chain amino acids and their a-keto analogs (produced by transamination) accumulate. They appear in the urine, giving it the odor of maple syrup or burnt sugar. The accumulation of a-keto analogs leads to neurologic complications.This condition is difficult to treat by dietary restriction, because abnormalities in the metabolism of three essential amino acids contribute to the disease. |
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Definition
| Maple syrup urine disease (degradation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine can't occur, ie they are the branched chain a.a.) |
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Term
| What occurs when homogentisate, an intermediate in tyrosine metabolism, cannot be further oxidized because the next enzyme in the pathway, homogentisate oxidase, is defective? Homogentisate accumulates and auto-oxidizes, forming a dark pigment, which discolors the urine and stains the diapers of affected infants. Later in life, the chronic accumulation of this pigment in cartilage may cause arthritic joint pain. |
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Definition
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Term
| The symptoms of pellagra are dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and, finally, death, this results from deficiencies in? |
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Definition
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