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| Comprised of Woodrow Wilson-Democrat, William Taft-Republican, and Eugene Debs-Socialist |
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| Democrate, Critical of Big Business, organized labor, socialism, and agrarian radicalism. Won the Election of 1912 |
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| Founder of Industrial Workers of the World, Ran as a socialist during the election of 1912 and took away 6% of the votes. |
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| Won the election of 1908 was very successful. Ran as a Republican. |
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| President from 1901 til 1909. Tried to run as leader of the progressive party in the election of 1912 because of his anger towards Taft. Shot in Milwaukee while on his way to a speech, he still went to the speech and was quoted with his bloody shirt exposed " It takes more than this to kill a bull moose." Hence Bull Moose Party |
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| New Nationalism - Roosevelt |
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| Focused on giving vogernment the ability to achieve democratic ends in the public interest. Social Justice by reforms as graduated income and inheritance taxes, workers compensation, regulation of child and woman labor, and a stronger bureau of corporations. |
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| Wanted to Restore competition instead of Regulate Monopolies. This required eliminating all trusts, lowering tarrifs, and breaking the concentration of financial power on Wall Street |
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During the Wilson Administration, the congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without appropriation among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.
Lowered Tarif rates but raised revenue with the first federal income tax! |
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| The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 |
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| Created a new national banking system with 12 reginoal Federal reserve banks, each owned by member banks in its district, each bank had to subscribe 6% of its capital to the Federal reserve, which made it possible to expand both money supply and bank credit. |
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Assasination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked the european war.
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Allied Powers - France, Great Britain, and Russia
Woodrow got the US involved when Germany sank 5 merchant vessels near the British isles - March 1917, war by April 1917 |
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| Achieve global structures within the international system that promotes a liberal world order. IE Global Free Trade - Democracy Globally |
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| Theory that Democrats rarely or even never go to war, because Democratic Leaders must answer to the voters for War and therefore have incentive to seek alternatives. |
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| Spoke of the Democratic Peace Theory in his essay Perpetual Peace, never go to war unless its in self defense. |
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President Wilson 1918 plan for Peace. 5 points called for open 1. Diplomacy, 2. Freedom of the seas, 3.Removal of Trade Barriers, 4. Armament Reduction, and 5. impartial adjustment of colonial claims. The other points called upon the Central powers(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) to evacuate occupied land.
Wilson also insighted the formation of The League of Nations! |
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| Organization of nations to mediate disputes and avaoid war, established after World War 1 |
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| Peace treaty at the end of World War 1 that ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers - signed in 1919 (With the help of LON) |
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| Large amounts of reform from 1880's - 1920s, changed after the election of 1920 because Americans had over-dosed on reform. |
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| Americans frustrated with America's large spending of money on WW1, along with the income tax of 17% on 10k and hirer up to 64% on 100k or more. |
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| Major strikes, 30 race riots, terrorist attacks. Americans wanted Limited governmen, no more imperialism/war, wanted a more stable society |
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| Republican National Convention |
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| No front runner going into the national convention, and so many candidates. Republican leaders met in a Chicago hotel and spent hours in a room smoking cigars discussing the front-runners. This room was known as the "smoke-filled room" - Warren G. Harding was chosen because republicans believed he would bend to special interests. |
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Front-Porch Campaign, campagined on the fact that the United States would return to a state of narmalcy: "Return to Normalcy"
Worked Successfully! |
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| Hardings Administration Summary |
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| low taxes, use of tariffs, Albert Fall, Teapot Dome Scandal, Oil Reserves, The Fordney McCumber Tariff Act. |
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| low taxes, supported big business and Tariffs, less government interference. |
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| Rep. senator from New Mexico, appointed to Harding's board because he was one of the men in the "Smoke Filled Room." Responsible for the Teapot Dome Scandal. |
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| Harding gave Albert Fall the responsibility of looking the Naval petroleum/oil reserves, sold the rights to two of his buddies for $400,000 later went to jail for this illegal act, tainted the Harding administration. |
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| The Fordney McCumber Tariff Act |
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| Tariff that raised American tariffs to about 40% which alienated American allies and made it impossible for the countries to pay back their debt from the war. This tariff created a snowball effect that slowed down the economy because other countries raised their tariffs against America as well. |
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| Coolidges Economic Policy |
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1. Pay off the US federal debt from WW1
a. Cut federal spending
b. Cut taxes: taxes should be lowered and fewer people should pay taxes.
Coolage was able to lower taxes |
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Stated that you could increase federal revenue by cutting taxes. Set up by Andrew Mellon.
Cut top tax rate from 73% to 24%
Cut taxes on low income from 4% to .5% |
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| Americans transformed from producers to consumers, more Americans bought food and other goods that they had once made themselves. Owed to the fact that more people living in cities than in rural areas. |
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| Most important break through in Mass Production |
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| Main factors of the Assembly Line |
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| Interchangeable parts(identical parts) and Division of Labor(specialized) |
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| First mass produced automobile that was built on an assembly line. Dropped in price from $825 in 1908 to $250 in the mid 1920's. Low price enabled Americans to purchase it, regular cars were around $3000! WTF |
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| Allowed easier travel and started a snowball effect that helped to grow new types of business's and stores |
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| First self-service grocery store, revolutionized the grocery industry. By the end of the 1920's most grocery stores embraced this model. |
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| Took off in 1880's get people familiar with national companies through magazine ads |
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| A single culture(values,ideas, etc.) that is driven and promoted by mass media, advertising, and modern forms of communication. Makes it so different people from different areas and backgrounds can identify with each other. |
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| ONe of the first country music radio programs, The Grand Ole Opry was an offshoot of the Barn Dance. |
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| Famous film that portrayed the experience of 2 families after the civil war, glamorized the kkk in the post-war South, Woodrow Wilson thought it was such a great film he organized a viewing at the White House. |
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| F.Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald |
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| Zelda was known as a flapper girl, she engaged in unacceptable behavior for young women. |
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| Period of intense fear of anarchism, socialism, and communism. Americans feared the immigrants coming into America had these beliefs and were going to unleash violence and terrorism in the U.S. |
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| Series of raids creaetd by Mitchell Palmer on groups associated with anarchy, socialism, or communism. Illegal search and seizures of suspected terrorists, deportation of hunderes of suspected radicals without trials. |
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| The American Civil Liberties Union |
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| Group for the protection of foreigners who were being persecuted and prosecuted for their beliefs. Favorite tactic was to advocate for people through legal means by hiring lawyers. Assisted labor unions, immigrants and people who were targeted during the palmer raids. |
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| Restricted immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans into the United States, also restricted some asian groups. |
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| Second kkk founded by William J. Simmons. Burnt a cross to signify rebirth of the clan, new ritual. Now the clan targeted any group that was not white protestant anglo American. Played a large role in the democratic national convention in 1924, 15% of America's voting population |
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| African Americans out of the South over a 15 year period starting in 1915. Factors that inspired this movement was Racial climate and widespread violence in the south, boll weevil infestation, mississippi flood of 1927, shortage of labor in cidites during and after ww1. |
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| Political activity as a cultural expression of protest was seen through a literary and artistic movement known as ______________ |
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| Black poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and colunist. Jazz Poetry, wrote the poem "My People" which expressed a need to reeducate people on racial stereotypes, social conditions, and expand African American's image of itself |
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| Black female that wrote the famous book "Their Eyes Were Watching God." Brought attention to African American issues and problems seen with women's rights |
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| Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) |
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| Early temperance movement that used images of motherhood and feminity to advocate for their cause, branched their parties views to broad, and became weak. Quoted with the picture "Lips that touch liquor will not touch mine" |
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| Founded in 1893, 20 years after WCTU, known for being an anti-pressure group where it stands for its one cause and doesn't pick up new ones. Also known for being the innovator of the single-issue pressure where they stood behind their issue of baning alcohol and thats it! |
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| Lawyer and leader of the Anti-Saloon League, innovator of single issue pressure politics, Wheeler was successful in banning alcohol |
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| The 18th Amendment Got Repealed by the 21st |
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| Outlaweed the sale and transportation of liquor, Wayne Wheeler influential in the writing of the __________ and was repealed by the ____________ |
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| Believe in bible and ignore its flaws, reaction to Evolutionary Science and to Modern Social Life. |
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| World Christian Fundamentals Association(WCFA) |
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| Founded by William Bell Riley, promoted the inerrancy of the bible. Got Tennessee to ban teaching of any concept of Evolution in local schools. |
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| Taught science in high school and was not happy with the Tennessee law that banned the teaching of evolution. ACLU and Scopes put goether a plan where Scopes taught from a book that included a chapter on evolution. Scopes was arrested for this. |
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| Important because it illustrates the cultural crises within the US between rural America and urban America. Scopes lost the trial and went to jail and William Jennings Bryan won the trial. |
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| Social critic, journalist, elitist, and one of the most unique voices in America during the early 20th century. Quoted with "the common man is a fool" |
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| Said that the stock market was going to crash and it did! |
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| Involved the Stock Market crashing, Bank failures 5k banks fail, Unemployment rose to 25%, and Homelessness was a new trend because people couldn't pay their mortages. |
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| Millions of acres of farmland was affected, and made worse by farmers ripping up the grass to plant their own goods. Perfect scenario for dust storms and black blizzards. Caused the Dustbowl migration |
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| Because of the dust storms farmers could not harvest crops which led to whole families packing all their stuff to find a better place. Refered to as Okies as a derogatory term. |
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| Written by John Steinbeck and provided a glimps of an Oklahoma Family moving to California after they had lost their farm |
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| Famous Folk Singer who was a dustbowl refugee. Wrote the famous song "This land is your land." |
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| Photojournalist best known for documenting the great depression. Most famous picture was called "migrant mother" and depicted a mother of 7 children. Migrant family who lost their farm and possession and was traveling in search for work. |
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| Stance on social justice was based on volunteerism, government shouldn't have to bail people out of hardship charities should do that. All about Limited government Hoover was. He lost the election of 1932 because he was fucking ignorant with this policy, what a fuck. |
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| Believed the Gov. should assist the people. The election resulted in The New Deal coalition. Gov. needed to player a larger role in the economy and help the people who are struggling. |
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| made up of Labor unions, White ethnics-Catholics,Irish, and German immigrants. Most all of these were fairly poor. African Americans joined the democrats because of FDR's policies, |
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| Promoting Economic Recovery |
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| Relief, Recovery, Reform. Watned to make sure that this depression never happened again. |
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| Informal group of advisors to FDR. Rexford Tugwell came up with the National Recovery Administration to help the urban poor by moving them to to rural areas. |
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| The National Recovery Administration |
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Planned the economy and coordinate different industries to work together so as to avoid another depression. Created Fair Codes - Aimed at setting work hours, pay rates and fixing prices of goods and services. Goal was to balance needs of workers, consumers and industry.
In the end the NRA actually increased the cost of doing business so it was dissolved in less than 2 years, found unconstitutional. |
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| The Civilian Conservation Corps |
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| Popular program inteded as a work program for unemployed men. Typical CCC employee was male 18-25 lived in work camps and received money, lodging, clothing, and medical care. |
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| The Workers Progress Administration |
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| Provided jobs for over 8 million people, built a lot of shit and hired everybody even artists to produce music, murals, and other forms of art to keep people busy and employed. People were critical of the WPA because they believed it wasted millions of federal dollars on meaningless shit. As well it was a home to radicals. |
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