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| Territory purchased from France by Jefferson for 3-4 cents an acre; doubled the size of the US, at 828,000 square miles. Was purchased becuase Napoleon needed money. |
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| Author of the Constitution |
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| Passed under John Adams; sent people to jail for saying anything against the government or the president |
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| passed under John Adams; allowed the president to export any alien (non-citizen); raised naturalization time from 5 years to 14 years |
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| the power of the courts to declare a law or act of government unconstitutional; founded in Marbury v. Madison |
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| gave the Supreme Court the authority to interpret the Constitution, or established judicial review |
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| tradition; Washington established numerous of these, including the Cabinet, social norms for the presidency, 2 terms, and the title "Mr. President" |
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| the president's advisors and heads of departments |
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| Washington's Farewell Address |
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| avoid entagling alliances with nations; avoid parties; use morality as a guide for the nation |
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| Foreign ships stopped American ships and forced crews into their navy; one of the potential causes for war for the early nation and a cause for the War of 1812 |
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| Jefferson is elected; power is passed from party to party without violence |
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| Under John Adams in 1798, war with France nearly happens but Adams manages to keep it from completely erupting |
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| Sent by Jefferson to explore the plants, animals, and natives of the Louisiana Purchase |
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| President during War of 1812 |
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| Wanted to fight the British in War of 1812; Henry Clay and John Calhoun; from South and West |
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| Capitol and White House are burned |
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| Jackson's decisive, famous victory 2 weeks after the war ends; helps him win the presidency later |
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| Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
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| Allowed Missouri to be admitted as slave state and Maine as a free state; banned slavery in the north |
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| bought from the Spanish for $5 million with the Adams-Onis Treaty |
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| stated the U.S. would oppose any intervention by Europe in the Western Hemisphere |
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| occurs under Jackson; means more people can vote |
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| allowed the government to move Native Americans from their lands and to Oklahoma |
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| forced journey of the Cherokee Native Americans by the US government west and away from their lands, during which thousands died |
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| The Cherokee sued the government for their land; Cheif Justice John Marshall determined they were protected by the Constitution. The Cherokee were moved anyway, as Jackson ignored the ruling. |
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| "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enfroce it." |
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| Jackson's response after Worcester v. Georgia, where the Cherokee sued for their land and the Supreme Court determined their cause legal. Jackson moved the Cherokee anyway. |
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| the belief that it was the nation's special purpose to extend to the Pacific Ocean |
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| 1836, when American settlers in Texas created their own nation; they would join the US in 1845 |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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| ended war with Mexico; gave the United States California and New Mexico for $15 million |
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| ceded, or gave, New Mexico and California to the US for $15 million as part of the end of the Mexican-American War |
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| Fifty-four forty or fight |
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| James K Polk's campaign slogan; meant that the US would get all of the Oregon territory from the British. In the end they compromised and the US stopped at 49. |
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