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| Name of the French and Indian War in Europe. |
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| Ben Franklin's attempt to unify the colonies during the French and Indian War. It failed since the colonies did not want to give up power to a central organization. |
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| Became Prime Minister of England and changed the focus of the war. |
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| General Wolfe's plan to take over New France by going to the "roots" of the tree. New France was the tree, the forts were its branches and Quebec was the roots. |
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| England ordered colonists not to cross the Appalachian Mountains due to Indian troubles. |
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| Indian Chief who led a rebellion in the Ohio Valley that promted England to issue the Proclamation of 1763. |
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| England's policy of NOT enforcing laws in the colonies as long as England was making money from the colonies. |
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| England ended salutary neglect because the treasury was bankrupt as a result of the French and Indian War. England needed to raise money through taxes and it needed the colonies to pay. |
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| Why did England change its policy toward the colonies? |
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| Lowered the tax on sugar and molasses, but it allowed smugglers to be tried by military courts. |
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| Put a tax on most printed material, including newspapers, pamphlets, etc. A government stamp would be attached to these documents to show that the tax had been paid. |
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| It was passed for raising money inside the colonies for the purpose of sending it to England. |
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| Why did the colonists not like the Stamp Act? |
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| Meeting of delegates from 9 colonies to protest the Stamp Act. They sent petitions to England and called for boycotts. |
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| Non-importation Agreements |
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| Boycotts by the colonists of English goods. |
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Sons of Liberty
Daughters of Liberty |
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| Organizations of men and women designed to protest the acts passed by Parliament. They used many methods to protest, some of which were violent and destructive of property. |
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| Passed by Parliament - placed taxes on luxury goods like lead, glass, paint, etc. Colonists resented them because of not having any representation in Parliament. |
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| British troops were sent to the colonies to collect the Townshend duties. In Boston, colonists and "redcoats" got into a shoving match. The British fired and FIVE American colonists were killed. |
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| Black man killed during the Boston Massacre. |
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| Sons of Liberty dumped over 300 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. |
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| Passed to force (coerce means force) Boston to pay for the tea that was destroyed in the Boston Tea Party. Colonists called them the Intolerable Acts. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| Met in Philadelphia - delegates sent the Olive Branch Petition to England, appointed George Washington to be Commander of the Continental Army and in the next year wrote the Declaration of Independence. |
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| "Shot Heard 'Round the World" |
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| First shot fired at Lexington and Concord. This was the first battle of the American Revolution and as such influenced other parts of the world. |
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| Even though the colonists lost, it proved that they could stand up against the British. |
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| Rode to warn the colonists that the British troops were marching to Lexington and Concord. |
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| Sent to England by colonists - proclaimed colonial loyalty to England and asked for peace. King George III declared the colonists to be in open rebellion and rejected the petition. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Written by Thomas Jefferson, it explained to the world why the colonists felt they HAD to rebel against England. |
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| Wrote pamphlet called "Common Sense" which tried to convince Americans that rebellion was the only answer to their problems with England. |
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| Developed idea of natural rights. That all people have a right to life, liberty and property. |
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| Soldiers who are hired to fight in a war. In the American Revolution the British hired German Hessians. |
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| German mercenaries hired by the British during the American Revolution. |
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| George Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians on Christmas night 1776. The victory gave the Americans a morale boost that kept Washington's army intact. |
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| Americans under Gates and Benedict Arnold capture an entire British army. After this battle the French agree to help the Americans. |
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| Americans who remained loyal to England. |
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| Americans who wanted independence and supported the War for Independence. |
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| Paper money printed by the colonial government that was almost worthless. |
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| Location of Washington's winter quarters for the winter of 77-78. It was a very harsh winter and the Americans suffered severe problems. |
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| French commander who helped train the Aemrican troops. |
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| Last battle of the American Revolution. The British were caught between Washington on land and the French fleet in the harbor. |
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| Most famous American traitor. He tried to turn over West Point to the British. Eventually he joined the British army. |
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| British general who surrendered at Yorktown. |
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| Colonists who were ready to become soldiers at at moment's notice. |
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| John Adams estimated that 1/3 of the Americans were Patriots (supported the War for Independence), 1/3 were Loyalists (remained loyal to England) and 1/3 really didn't care one way or the other. |
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| How much support was there in the colonies for the American Revolution? |
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| Commander of the Continental Army. |
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| Elder statesman (he was 73 in 1776) who went on to negotiate the alliance agreement with France after the Battle of Saratoga. |
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| What did Spain get as a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1783? |
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| From the consent of the governed (which is the people) |
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| According to Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence, where do governments get their powers? |
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| Only when that government no longer protects their rights and has continued over and over again to abuse its power. |
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| According to Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence, when should people overthrow their government? |
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| To whom was the Declaration of Independence written? |
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| legal documents that were blanket search warrants and allowed the British to search for smugglers. |
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| Enlightenment thinker who called for government to be divided into three branches |
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| Style of fighting used by Americans that they had learned from Native Americans - involved hiding behind trees and walls to ambush the enemy. |
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