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| Italian explorer who returned from “China” in 1295 reporting the vast riches he came upon on his twenty year expedition. He is thought to be the first European to stumble upon the Americas (after the Norse explorers in the 1000’s). |
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| Destroyed the Incan civilization of Peru in 1532. He gained many riches for his home country, Spain. |
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| Spanish explorer who came upon the “island” of Florida in 1513 and again in 1521 seeking gold. Died after being shot with an Indian arrow in 1521. |
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| took 600 men on a gold-seeking expedition to Florida & westward. Crossed the Mississippi. Died of injuries acquired in a brutal battle with local Indians. Disposed of in the Mississippi so the Indians could not mistreat his remains. |
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| was the leader of the Aztecs at the time of Cortés’ invasion. Believed that Cortés was the god, Quetzalcoatl, returning from the Eastern seas. |
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| “discovered” the New World in 1492. He set sail with 3 ships. He arrived in the Bahamas after six weeks of travel. Thinking that he had landed in India, he called the residents “Indians.” Arrived in Hispaniola in 1493 with 17 ships and 1200 men. |
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| set sail from Cuba in 1519 with horses and hundreds of men. Gathered interpreters before landing in present-day Peru in the Aztec Empire. He was looking for gold and attained a large sum of it from the hospitable Aztecs. He was thought to be an Aztec god, Quetzalcoatl, returning from a journey in the Eastern Sea. On June 30, 1520, the Aztecs drove the gold-hungry Spaniards out in a remarkable bloody manner |
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| explored Arizona and New Mexico from 1540-1542. Stumbled upon the Grand Canyon and a herd a buffalo, two never before seen sights for the Spanish conquistador and his men. |
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| led missionaries in 1769 to found missions such as San Diego and twenty others. Christianized and “civilized” many Indians. |
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| period of European history where countries flourished and changed in the first half of the second millennia. |
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| offspring with both Indian and European lineage. Created when Cortés intermarried with Indians. |
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| divided the New World into parcels, most of which went to Spain, although Portugal also received a decent spread of land. |
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| manner of farming where beans grow on trellises and corn and squash grow in the soil below. |
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| Period of time, approximately 2 million years ago where ice covered most of the land on Earth. |
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| native inhabitants of the Ohio River Valley in the first millennia A.D. but mysteriously disappeared in about 1300. |
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| fleet of Spanish ships that sailed into the English Channel in 1588 but were destroyed by small, agile English ships and the “Protestant Wind.” |
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| idea that Spanish conquistadors decimated the Americas with no overall gain. |
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| Spanish explorers who set out on expeditions to further the knowledge about the New World and to bring back valuables, such as gold. |
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| large native population in present-day Peru. Known for their abundant gold and silver. |
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| Indian uprising in 1680 where every Catholic church in New Mexico was destroyed and many priests and hundreds of settlers were massacred. |
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| people who inhabited the Rio Grande Valley in approximately 1200 B.C.- A.D. 1500. Very advanced culture. |
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| first part of North America to emerge from the sea. |
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| islands in the south Pacific known for their spices. |
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| allowed government to allocated Indians to colonists for Christianization. |
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| group of Indian tribes with a written language located primarily in the Northeast. |
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