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| led the committee, which drafted the Articles of Confederation and proposed them to the congress in 1776 |
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| a former military officer who led a rebellion of farmers an debtors in western Massachusetts in 1786 |
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| a delegate of New York who attended the Annapolis Convention and the Constitutional Convention |
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| a delegate of Virginia who attended the Annapolis Convention and the Constitutional Convention; remembered as the Father of the Constitution |
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| former commander of the colonial army; presided over the Constitutional Convention; first President of the United States |
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| great American statesman who attended the Constitutional Convention |
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| the youngest delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
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| proposed the Virginia Plan to the Convention |
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| presented the New Jersey Plan to the Convention |
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| the great American educator who wrote History of the United States |
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| a Baptist leader who became the most influential figure in the long battle for religious freedom in Massachusetts |
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| the most influential leader of the Virginia Baptists |
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| Frenchman who came to America in 1831; one of the greatest political thinkers of the Modern Age; published Democracy in America in 1833 |
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| a legislature composed of two houses |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| a plan for union adopted by Congress in November of 1777; had several weaknesses, but did accomplish a successful land policy for the Northwest Territory |
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| a voluntary union in which the central government is subordinate to the local governments and has only the powers they grant it |
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| the area bound by the Ohio River, the Mississippi River, and the Great Lakes |
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| (1785) provided for the entire Northwest Territory to be surveyed and divided into townships |
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| (1787) provided for the gradual development of self- government in the Northwest Territory |
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| incident in which Daniel Shays and an army of farmers and debtors forced several courts to close down in western Massachusetts in 1786 to prevent any further foreclosures |
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| seizure of property for nonpayment of debts |
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| the years (1781-1789) during which the Articles of Confederation served as the basis for America's national government |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| a convention held in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 to revise the Articles; produced the Constitution of the United State |
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| name for the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia; where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed |
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| the decision of the Convention delegates to draft a new Constitution. |
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| established a bicameral legislature to satisfy both the large and small states; often called the Connecticut Compromise. |
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| called for a bicameral legislature with representation based on state population and for the creation of executive and judicial departments; gave a number of specific powers to the national government |
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| called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for all states and for the creation of executive and judicial branches; in essence, the governmental system would continue as it did under the Articles of Confederation, but the national government would have power to tax and regulate commerce |
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| the Great Compromise; so-called because Connecticut delegates played an important role in the compromise |
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| determined that 3/5 of a state's slave population would be counted for both taxation and representation |
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| Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise |
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| granted Congress power to regulate commerce with certain limitations; it could not levy export tariffs; and it could not regulate the slave trade, at least until 1808 |
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| those who wanted the new Constitution adopted |
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| those who opposed the Constitution |
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| a series of 85 essays, which gave sound arguments in favor of the Constitution; helped bring victory to the Federalists in New York |
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| rule by the people with a written constitution to protect the basic rights of the minority from being infringed upon by the majority |
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| necessary and proper clause; added to ensure that Congress should not be bound in any important matters by mere oversights or omissions in the Constitution |
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| the first 10 amendments to the Constitution |
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| a system devised to check the power of the various branches of the national government; protects citizens against tyranny |
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| powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but implied therein |
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