Term
| How did the US grow during the period 1837-1861? |
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Definition
Territory more than doubled by 1848
Population 31.5 million by 1860 |
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Term
| Size of State Department in 1850s |
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Definition
| Staff of 43, 27 diplomats and 88 consuls, who were mostly politicians and merchants. |
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Term
| What was "Manifest Destiny?" |
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Definition
| Phrase coined by a Democratic journalist in 1845. Referred to our sense of destiny in taking over the continent all the way to the Pacific, excluding Mexico and Canada. Implied a sense of mission to "remake the world in our image." Idea had strong support in the Northeast and Northwest but not the South. |
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Term
| How did US political parties evolve by the period 1837-1861? |
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Definition
Jefferson's Republicans b/c Democrats led by Andrew Jackson, favored rapid expansion.
National Republicans b/c Whigs led by Henry Clay, favored industrialization and slow expansion. |
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Term
| What US General managed the skirmishes on the US-Canadian border? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the US handle the slave trade in 1808? |
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Definition
| US outlawed international slave trade but did not enforce. |
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Term
| What was the "Creole" incident in 1841? |
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Definition
| Slaves aboard the Creole seized the ship, killed the trader, and sailed to the Bahamas. British granted those slaves freedom when they landed. US unable to reclaim b/c there was no extradition treaty. |
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Term
| What was the 1842 Webster Ashburton treaty? |
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Definition
| Settled dispute b/w Maine and New Brunswick. |
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Term
| What did "54/40 or fight" refer to? |
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Definition
| Attempts to settle US and British claims to Oregon territory. Almost ignited war while US was preparing for war with Mexico. |
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Term
| How did foreign countries respond to Tx independence? |
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Definition
| Britain and France favored an independent Tx and urged Mexico to recognize Tx. Southern states saw every political action as pro/con slavery. |
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Term
| What happened when John Tyler started process of admission for Tx? |
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Definition
| Mexico severed diplomatic relations |
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Term
| What was unique about the Mexican American war? |
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Definition
| War garnered more public support than the Revolution or the War of 1812. |
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848? |
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Definition
| Ended Mexican American War. Mexico ceded northern CA and New Mexico, and recognized US boundary of Rio Grande. |
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Term
| Results of Mexican American War |
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Definition
13,000 lives
US paid $15 million plus US citizen claims against Mexico
$97 million in war expenses
war almost destroyed Mexico |
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Term
| What was the Wilmot Proviso of 1846? |
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Definition
| Banned slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico |
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Term
| What was 1842 Tyler Doctrine? |
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Definition
| Established US interests in Hawaii and promised some form of support against foreign invasion. |
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Term
| What was the 1842 Treaty of Nanking? |
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Definition
| British forced China to open 5 ports to trade. |
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Term
| How does text describe the Opium Wars? |
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Definition
| China wanted to stop British and American sales of opium to Chinese |
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Wang-hsin? |
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Definition
| China granted same terms to US as they did to the British. |
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Term
| How did US and China relations progress in the 1850s? |
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Definition
More ports opened
Forced toleration of missionaries
Exploration of interior country
Legalized opium trade
Fixed maximum tariff at 5%
Conditions not good for Chinese economy |
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Term
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Definition
| Commander who forced a very reluctant Japan to consider trade in 1854. |
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Term
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Definition
| US official who spent years in Japan trying and finally succeeding in establishing a working trade relationship. |
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Term
| What did "filibuster" originally mean? |
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Definition
| An illegal, privately organized and funded expedition into foreign territory. Text mentions Ms Gov. John Quitman here. |
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Term
| Sites of filibuster attacks: |
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Definition
| Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Cuba. Text also mentions but does make clear attacks on Canada. |
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Term
| Annexations during Pierce administration 1850s: |
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Definition
39 million more acres from Mexico, to be used for southern route of transcontinental railway
Parker Island in S. Pacific - for guano (fertilizer) |
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Term
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Definition
| CA admitted to union as free state |
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Term
| Position of US and Cuba in 1850s (3 items): |
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Definition
Southern states mostly favored annexing Cuba, both for Congressional balance and to keep Britain out of Cuba
Those who opposed did so on racial grounds
Polk and Buchanan tried to purchase Cuba
Narciso Lopez led 4 expeditions to try to seize Cuba |
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Term
| Position of US and Central America in 1850s: (5 items) |
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Definition
Central America made up of 5 separate insecure and contentious nations
US acquired rights to build canal
US built railroad across Panama - 1855
US diplomat Solon Borland almost provoked war b/w US and Britain in Nicaragua
William Walker temporarily took over Nicaragua in 1855, wanted to create a union of states tied to southern states. Captured and executed in 1860 |
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