Term
| After the War of 1812, European imperialism shifted to... |
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Definition
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Term
| When did two periods of Depression occur after the War of 1812? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Missouri Compromise? |
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Definition
| Missouri admitted to union as a slave state but slavery was prohibited past 36/30 parallel. Maine was admitted as a free state. |
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Term
| What was the "firebell in the night?" |
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Definition
| How Thomas Jefferson described the slavery issue. |
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Term
| Name 4 innovations that fed the American economy after War of 1812? |
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Definition
| Roads, canals, steamboats and the cotton gin. |
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Term
| What were the 7 features of Henry Clay's "American System" for economics? |
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Definition
national self-sufficiency
domestic manufacturing
expansion of home markets
protective tariffs
a national bank
federal financing of improvement projects
Federalism |
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Term
| What was the main difference b/w Federalism and Republicanism? |
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Definition
| Federalism favored a stronger central government, Republicanism favored stronger state governments. |
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Term
| What was one major difference b/t the Federalists and National Republicans? |
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Definition
| Federalists favored concentration on domestic manufacturing for domestic markets, Republicans favored rapid commercial and territorial expansion. |
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Term
| What was the difference b/t Jefferson's vision for America and John Q Adams vision? |
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Definition
| Jefferson predicted a series of independent republics. John Q Adams worked toward a single nation covering much of N. America. |
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Term
| What President was described as the "last of the Virginia dynasty?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What was one way that Monroe differered from his predecessors (especially Jefferson?) |
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Definition
| Diplomatic functions b/c much more formal |
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Term
| What was John Q Adams during the Monroe administration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to US political parties after War of 1812? |
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Definition
| Federalism died out around 1815, to be replaced by the Whig party. Whigs also favored a national bank and strong central government. |
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Term
| Monroe made diplomatic functions more formal. Name two more differences he made in US foreign relations? |
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Definition
Doubled the number of consuls, with many in Latin America
increased size of the Navy |
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Term
| Who negotiated trade treaties with Tahiti and Hawaii? |
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Definition
| Thomas Jones of USS Peacock |
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Term
| What does "most favored nation" mean in trade? |
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Definition
commercial treaty binding the signatories to extend trading benefits equal to those accorded any third state.
Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/most-favored-nation#ixzz1ZX3JdL00 |
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Term
| Describe "reciprocity treaty policy" |
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Definition
1. We abolish discriminatory duties/shipping charges in exchange for shipping concessions from the other state.
2. We will also retailiate in event of discriminatory policies.
3. We make agreements with the other country without consideration of that country's relalationship with its enemies. |
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Term
| When did reciprocity treaties start to develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What actions did US take after War of 1812 regarding foreign debts? |
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Definition
U S pursued repayment of debts owed by France. France responded with demand that we repay loans they had made during the Revolutionary War.
We were able to collect debts on a small scale from Russia. |
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Term
| What kind of commercial agreements occured during Monroe and Adams administration? |
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Definition
12 commercial treaties
reciprocity with Britain and several smaller European countries
Russia granted most favored nation status
short-lived trade agreements with Latin America
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Term
| What was the triangular trade as described in this period? |
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Definition
Sugar or molasses shipped from Caribbean to US or Europe
Sugar used to make rum
Profits from sugar used for manufactured goods
Goods used to barter for slaves in W. Africa
Slaves sold to planters in Caribbean and US |
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Term
| How did Spain first respond to US attempts to gain Florida? |
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Definition
Spain tried to limit US to lands east of Ms River and require that we not recognize new Latin American governments.
We insisted on extending to the Colorado River and the ability to recognize LA governments after a "gentlemanly delay." |
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Term
| Why was the US so eager to acquire Florida? |
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Definition
Spain had allowed Florida to degenerate into a haven for pirates, British agitators, and escaped slaves.
Florida would also serve a vital role for ports and defense. |
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Term
| Who did Monroe send to Florida to "clean house?" |
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Definition
Andrew Jackson with 3,000 regulars and state militia and several thousand Creeks.
Jackson's campaign successful but served to expand slavery and Indian removal. |
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Term
| How did Monroe and Adams differ over Jackson's mission? |
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Definition
Monroe maintained "plausible deniability" in case Jackson went wild.
Adams defended Jackson in terms of morality, national mission and destiny. |
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Term
| What was the Transcontinental Treaty and when did it occur? |
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Definition
| 1819 - Spain kept TX but ceded all of Florida and the Spanish Northwest. U.S. also assumed $5 million worth of debt owed by Spain to US citizens. |
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Term
| What was the Anglo American Convention and when did it occur? |
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Definition
| 1818 - US and Britain agreed to share Oregon Territory for 10 years, with US expected to assume control after that. |
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Term
| What was British foreign secretary Canning's response to Spanish actions? |
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Definition
1823 - Canning proposed that Britain and US make a joint statement opposing Spanish recolonization and denying British and US designs on Latin America.
We thought he was crazy. |
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Term
| What were the US main objections to Canning's proposal? |
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Definition
It would make us look like a "little dog" tagging along after a "big dog" in foreign affairs.
British could use it against us to keep us out of Cuba. |
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Term
| What was the Monroe Doctrine and when did it occur? |
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Definition
"HANDS OFF OUR HEMISPHERE!"
1823 - Monroe stated before Congress that any European effort at colonization or re-colonization in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile act against the US. |
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Term
| Name two ways that the Monroe Doctrine was "fuzzy." |
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Definition
It was not a law, just a statement made to Congress.
Did not make clear how we would prioritize colonization efforts in northern hemisphere vs southern hemisphere.
Did not make clear exactly how we would respond to European agression in Latin America.
Statement probably fuzzy on purpose, to allow us room to take different actions depending on circumstances. |
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Term
| What were some of the responses to the Monroe Doctrine? |
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Definition
| European countries angered, but they did turn their attentions to Africa and Asia. |
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Term
| What was unique about Thomas Jefferson and John Adams? |
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Definition
| They both died on July 4, 1826, 50 years after the Declaration of Independence. |
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Term
| What was the "First Great Awakening" in US history? |
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Definition
Period of active religious revival, led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.
1720-1750
Meetings encouraged emotional responses as evidence of working of Holy Spirit |
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Term
| What was the "Second Great Awakening" in US history? |
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Definition
period of active religious revival
1820-1870
featured much anticipation of the return of Christ, and many new religious denominations
movement also sent many missionaries to foreign countries |
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Term
| How did the US view Latin America during this period? |
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Definition
U S feared the new countries would fall back under Spanish rule, or form trading blocs that would compete with US interests.
Adams, Clay and many others saw Latin American countries as fledglings in need of American ideas and guidance. |
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Term
| Give 4 examples of US interference in Latin America? |
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Definition
Raguet's public contempt of Brazilian monarchy
Poinsett and Freemason attempt to instigate rebellion against Mexican government
US charge intrudes into Chilean debate over principles of government
US publicly backed Simon Bolivar in Bolivia and Columbia but plotted with his enemies |
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Term
| Describe the overall position of the US toward Latin American governments |
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Definition
US pursued conditional recognition without making concrete promises of assistance
US preferred Cuba ruled by Spain rather than an independent Cuba or Cuba ruled by Mexico or Columbia |
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Term
| What was the "Panama Congress?" |
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Definition
Simon Bolivar's summit meeting to unite South American in case they needed to defend themselves against Spain.
Adams and Clay supported the idea with some reservations, Crawford, VP Calhoun, and Andrew Jackson opposed.
The Congress assembled in 1826 but US did not send a representative. |
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Term
| What was unusual about the Presidential election of 1826? |
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Definition
Jackson won the electoral vote but lost to Monroe when the election was referred to the House of Representatives.
Jackson then built organizations that vigourously opposed Monroe's policies, leading to deeper divisions b/w political parties. |
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Term
| When did Jackson serve as President? |
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Definition
| 1830 and 1834 (served until 1837) |
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Term
| Describe 3 features of Jackson's administration |
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Definition
Had 4 secretaries of state in 8 years, did a lot of policy making himself
"Spoils system"
Used diplomatic service for political ends |
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Term
| What were 2 major issues during Jackson administration? |
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Definition
Nullification controversy - South Carolina declared Federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional
Bank wars - Jackson opposed and finally ended the Second Bank of the United States, in favor of holding federal funds in state banks
No major foreign policy issues |
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Term
| Major accomplishments of Jackson administration? |
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Definition
Pursued new trade markets
Almost doubled our exports
New treaties with Middle East and East Asia
Settled US debt with France |
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Term
| Describe 1831 incident b/w USS Lexington and the Falkland Islands |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the "Pepper Coast incident" in 1831? |
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Definition
| US Merchant ship "Friendship" attacked by Malayan pirates. Jackson responded with warship Potomac. Set a precedent that came to be known as "gunboat diplomacy." |
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Term
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Definition
| "Our views of their interest, and not their own, ought to govern them." |
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Term
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Definition
| "Their disappearance from the human family will be no great loss to the world." |
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Term
| Terms of 1830 Indian Removal Act |
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Definition
| Indians were supposed to have the chance to submit to state law and stay in place, but state officials proceeded with forceful removal. |
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Term
| Results of Indian Removal Act |
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Definition
U S acquired over 100 million acres of land and 30 million acres in the West, all for $70 million.
46,000 Indians removed
Cherokees resisted the longest, finally removed by Van Buren on the "Trail of Tears." |
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Term
| Who were the two US officials posted in Mexico who did much to damage relations b/w the two countries? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Tx win independence from Mexico? |
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Definition
| 1836 Battle of San Jacinto |
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Term
| What was another name for the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819? |
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Definition
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