Term
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) |
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Definition
| Established judicial review. |
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Term
| Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) |
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Definition
| Declared that Congress has no power to block the spread of slavery because it denied right to property. |
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Definition
| Interpreted commerce clause very broadly. |
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Definition
| Interpreted commerce clause specifically to state regulation. |
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Term
| U.S. v. E. C. Knight (1895) |
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Definition
| Interpreted commerce clause so narrowly hardly any regulation was "constitutional." |
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Term
| Katzenbach v. McClung (1964) |
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Definition
| Included power to enact antidiscrimination laws in regulation of commerce. |
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Term
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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Definition
| "Separate but equal" Segregation does not violate "equal protection" law. |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
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Definition
| "Separate... inherently unequal" Segregation does violate "equal protection" law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legalized abortion under the ruling that right to abortion is implied in right to privacy. |
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Term
| John Winthrop's "Model of Christian Charity" |
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Definition
| Puritan colony would be a "city upon a hill." Set example of Christian values to new America. |
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Term
| John Winthrop's "Little Speech on Liberty" |
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Definition
| Natural liberty (the natural man) versus civil liberty (freedom to do good). |
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Term
| Michael Mullane "The Rule of Law" |
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Definition
| "Tinkerbell Effect." Rule of Law only exists so long as we believe in it. |
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Term
| Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" |
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Definition
| Argued in favor of American Revolution. Best-seller. Helped convince many fence-sitters. |
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Term
| George Washington's "Circular to the States" |
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Definition
| "[I]t is indispensable to the happiness of the individual States, that there should be lodged somewhere, a Supreme Power to regulate and govern the general concerns of the Confederated Republic..." Acceptance of Constitution and Federalism necessary for United States to succeed as a country. |
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Definition
| Large sized representative democracy will combat factions. |
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Definition
| Separation of powers between legislative, executive, and judicial branches by means and motives will solve the Republican Problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Argues against ratification of constitution. All 13 states should not become one republic. It's too large and encompasses too many interests to work efficiently. |
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Term
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Definition
| Argues against ratification of constitution because it does not include a Bill of Rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Argues against ratification of constitution because power held by one Executive chief is dangerous. |
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Term
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Definition
| The judicial system will be the least powerful of the three branches of government for reasons including: they will not be elected by the people and thus will not feel they need to answer to them, and they cannot begin any changes; they must wait for a case to rule on rather than passing legislature. |
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Term
| "Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments" |
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Definition
| Declaration of Rights of Women modeled after Declaration of Independence and sparked by abolitionist movement. |
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Term
| Frederick Douglass's "What to a Slave Is the Fourth of July?" |
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Definition
| Argues that the Fourth of July reminds a slave of the hypocrisy of American liberty. |
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Term
| Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" |
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Definition
| The survivors of the Civil War must dedicate themselves to the cause of those who died: freeing the slaves and saving the union. |
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Term
| Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address |
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Definition
| Trust in God's purposes and carry on in the cause of the war. |
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Term
| Lincoln's "House Divided" speech |
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Definition
| "A house divided against itself cannot stand." The union cannot survive half slave and half free. |
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Term
| Bartels' "Homer Gets a Tax Cut" |
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Definition
| Many Americans are not informed or ignorant to public policy. The majority of American's polled were believed the growing difference in incomes between rich and poor was a bad thing, but still passed 2 of Bush's tax cuts primarily for the rich. |
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Term
| Wilson's "Fourth of July Address on the Declaration of Independence" |
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Definition
| America has received independence. It is the duty of America to protect the human rights of all people. |
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Term
| Franklin D. Roosevelt's First Inaugural speech |
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Definition
| "[T]he only thing we have to fear is fear itself..." Addresses problems of Great Depression and introduces New Deal. |
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Term
| Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech |
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Definition
| Four Essential Human Freedoms are freedom of expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. |
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Term
| Washington's Farewell Address |
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Definition
| Washington pushes isolationism as America's approach to foreign policy. |
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Term
| Elie Wiesel's "Speech at the White House on the Perils of Indifference" |
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Definition
| Indifference is both a sin and a punishment. America should get involved in human rights issues. |
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Term
| Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream Speech" |
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Definition
| Civil Rights Speech. Inspired by Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, the American Dream, and the Bible. Draws from Declaration of Independence and Constitution. Describes dream of equal rights regardless of race. |
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Term
| Martin Luther King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" |
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Definition
| Justifies breaking unjust laws by non-violent means. A law is unjust if it breaks moral laws. Asserts his position is the middle ground between violent reform and doing nothing. |
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Term
| Malcom X's "The Ballot or the Bullet" |
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Definition
| Supports Black Nationalism - a violent movement in support of political and economic interests specifically for blacks. Disconnects movement from religion. |
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Term
| Betty Friedan's "Our Revolution is Unique" |
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Definition
| Women have right "to become all she is capable of becoming..." Suggests government responsible for "right to become." |
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Term
| Students for a Democratic Society's "Port Huron Statement" |
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Definition
| Explores social norms and the right of the students to control the institutions which will come to shape their lives. Establishes idea of right of men to realize their potential - right to be all men can become, not what they are. |
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Term
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Definition
| Establishes that the right of citizens of United States to a speedy and public trial can only be withheld when best interest (ex. safety) of country is extensively contingent on so withholding. Puts into question balance between individual rights and best interest of the whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| Establishes privacy in marriage as a human right. Dissent by Justice Rehnquist. Example of differences between originalist and non-originalist views of judges in Supreme Court. |
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Term
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Definition
| Overturns law prohibiting member of the same sex "to engage in certain intimate sexual conduct..." Dissent by Justice Scalia. Example of differences between originalist and non-originalist views of judges in Supreme Court. |
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