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| Often regarded as the most unethical of the robber barrons. Went on to contol 15% of of the country's tracks. Recognized as a skilled business man. |
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| Fortune from shipping and then railroads. Personally did little in the way of philanthopy, his second wifes nephew eventully convinced him to fund Vanderbilt University. |
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| One of the BIg Four, was involved in railroads. Founded Newport News Shipping. |
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| Steel fortune. At the end of his life he donated TONS of money to establish schools, libraries and such. |
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| Muckraker term used for the leaders of large corporations and trusts to reflect their power and unscrupulous natures. |
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| Journalists that portrayed the leaders of corporations and the actions of their companies in unfavorable circumstances, writing "yellow journalism" |
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| Founder of Standard Oil company. Known for buying out his competitors. Target of muckrakers. Very generous. |
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| banker and financeer, founded the most powerful bank in the world. The world's first Billion Dollar corporation. Benefactor of the Met and other museums. |
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| written by Frank Norris. Recounted the depredations of California railroads. |
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| written by Upton Sinclair. Muckraker exposed the practices of Chicago meat-packing industry |
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| written by Upton Sinclair. Muckraker exposed the practices of Chicago meat-packing industry |
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| Ran for president 5 times as a socialist. Once he ran while he was in jail for obstructing the draft of WWI. |
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| "Boss Tweed" leader of the Tammany Hall political machine which rigged elections and stole massive amounts of money from N.Y.C. |
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| 1880's political movement favorizing nationalization of banks and railroads to protect farms and rural towns from private power and corruption of big corporations. |
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| lawyer and popular speaker. Famous for being the lawyer in the scopes trial attempting to teach evolution in schools. |
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| Post-populist, urban based political movement against private power and corporate corruption that looked hopefully towards the future, emphasisizing the benefits of science and technology. |
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| considered to be the father of social darwinism. coined "survival of the fittest" |
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| society is in the state of constant change and we are developing into higher more complex forms. |
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| a quasi-government organization formed to regulate the money supply and help keep the economy stable. |
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| citizen could put propositions directly on the ballot through petition and have them become laws by garnering a majority vote. |
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| Progressive reform in which laws passed by legislatures can be directly submitted to the people for a vote, a majority vote against it removes it from the books. |
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| Citizens can call a special election to recall an elected official |
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| extended recession of the 1930's that led to widespread unemployment, bank failure and general downturn in the economy until WWII. |
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| When most depostitors try to withdraw their funds simultaneously from a bank. |
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| Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
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| helped nation struggle through depression and WWII. |
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| plan of FDR involving the creation of various gov. agencies and programs designed to stimulate the economy and help the U.S. overcome the great depression. |
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| 31st president. ran unsuccessfully in 1932. lost terribly. |
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| british economist. influenced FDR's new deal for the U.S. economy. |
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| economy regulates itself, but in deep recession government would be needed to artificially stimulate demand by increasing spending or cutting taxes. |
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| gives congress the power to regulate certain types of trade, also a justification for the Civil Rights Acts of 1964. |
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| leader of the "progressive school" of historiography. attacked the founders as being motivated by economic self-interest. Originally supported "new deal" then later opposed WWII. |
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| 28th president. He felt the Constitution was to rigid and outdated. |
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| Supporters of an economic theory emphasizing the role of money supply in an economy. |
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