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| A change in or addition to a constitution or law |
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| A blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators |
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| Those persons who opposed the ratification of the Constitution |
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| Numbered sections of a document |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Plan of government adopted by the Continental Congress after the American Revolution; established "a firm league of friendship" among the States, but allowed few important powers to the central government |
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| To gather with one another in order to express views on public matters |
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| When a presidential candidate chooses a running mate who can strengthen his chance of being elected by virture of certain ideological, geographical, racial, ethnic, gender, or other characteristics |
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| An adjective describing a legislative body composed of two chambers |
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| The first ten amendments to the Constitution |
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| Refusal to buy or sell certain products or services |
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| A city's basic law, its constitution; a written grant of authority from the king |
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| Connecticut and Rhode Island, based on charters and self governing |
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| System of overlapping the powers of legislative, executive, and judicial branches to permit each branch to check the actions of the others |
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| Term for the President as head of the administration of the Federal Government |
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| Term for the President as the representative of the people, working for public interest |
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| Term for the President as the main architect of foreign policy and spokesperson to other countries |
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| Term for the President as vested with the executive powere of the United States |
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| Term for the President as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for Congress |
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| Term for the President as the ceremonial head of the US, the symbol of all the people of the nation |
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| The guarentees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and religion |
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| Term for the President as commander of the nation's armed forces |
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| An agreement during the Constitutional Convention protecting slave holders; denied Congress the power to tax the export of goods from any State, and, for 20 years, th epower to act on the slave trade |
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| An adjustment of opposing principles or systems by modifying some aspect of each |
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| Exclusive power of Congress to regulate interstate and foreign trade |
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| The power to reduce the length of a sentence or fine for a crime |
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| Agreement during teh Constitutional Convention that Congress should be composed of a Senate, in which States would be represented equally, and a House, in which representation would be based on a State's population |
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| The body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government |
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| Basic principle that government and those who govern must obey the law; the rule of law |
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| The government may not regulate assemblies on the basis of what might be said |
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| Practice of funding government by borrowing to make up the difference between government spending and revenue |
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| A tax that must be paid by the person on whom it is levied |
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| A procedure enabling members to force a bill that has been pigeonholed in committee onto th efloor for consideration |
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| Part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people |
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| Group of persons chosen in each State and DC every four years who make a formal selection of the President and Vice President |
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| Doc written by Parliament and agreed on by William and Mary of England in 1689, designed to prevent abuse of pwer by English monarchs; forms the basis for much in American government and politics today |
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| Seperates Church and State |
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| A pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state; a binding international agreement with the force of law but which does not require Senate consent |
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| Article two of the Constitution, establishes the presidency and gives the ex power of the Fed govnt to the President |
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| Directive, rule, or regulation issued by a chief executive or subordinates, based upon constitutional or statutory authority and having the force of law |
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| The power to execute, enforce, and administer law |
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| Those persons who supported the ratification of the Constitution |
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| Various tactics aimed at defeating a bill in th eleg body by preventing a final vote |
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| Change or addition that becomes part of the written language of the Constitution itself via one of four methods set fourth in the Constitution |
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| The second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom |
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| To bring formal charges against a public official; the House has the sole power to impeach civil officers of the US |
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| A tax levied on one party but passed on to another for payment |
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| The power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action |
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| Speech given at a party convention to set the tone for the convention and the campaign to come |
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| Any kind of money that a creditor must, by law, accept in payment for debts |
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| The power to make a law and to frame public policies |
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| False and malicious use of printed words |
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| One who argues a broad interpretation of th eprovisions of the Constitution, particularly those granting powers to the Federal government |
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| Great Charter forced upon King John of England by his barons in 1215; established that the power of the monarchy was not absolute and guaranteed trial by jury and due process of law to the nobility |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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| Constitutional clause that gives Congress the power to make laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers |
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| Release from the punishment or legal consequences of a crime, by the President in a federal case or a governor in a State case |
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| A form of govnt in which the ex branch is made up of the prime minister and that official's cabinet |
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| A closed meeting of a party's House or Senate members; also called a party conference |
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| An unwelcome person; used to describe recalled diplomatic officials |
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| Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land |
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| Patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike |
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| A political party's formal statement of basic principles |
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| A person elected by the voters to represent them in making a formal selection of the VP and President |
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| A form of the govnt in which th eex and leg branches are seperate, indepdent, and coequal |
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| An election in which a party's voters choose a State party org delegates to their party's nat convention and or express a perferance for their party's pres nomination |
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| Proportional Representation |
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| Rule applied in Dem primaries whereby any candidate who wins at least 15 percent of the votes gets the number of State Dem convention delegates based on his or her share of that primary vote |
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| Maryland, Penn, Delaware - organized by a proprietor, a person whom the king had made a grant of land |
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| Least number of members who must be present for a leg body to conduct business; majority |
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| The exclusive power of a Pres to recognize foreign states |
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| Representative Government |
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| System of govnt in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections |
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| An official postponement of the execution of a sentence |
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| A msre relating to the business of either house or expressing an opinion; does not have the force of law and does not require the Pres signature |
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| Unpopular provision added to an important bill certain to pass so that it will "ride" via the legislative process |
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| The right to associate with others to promote political, economic, and other social causes |
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| Concept that holds that govnt and its officers are always subject to the law |
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| The crime of attempting to overthrow the govnt by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts |
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| The advocating, or urging, of an attempt to overthrow the govnt by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence |
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| Basic principles 3 branches are coequal and separate |
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| A law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidentional info in legal proceedings |
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| False and malicious use of spoken words |
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| One who argues a narrow interpretation of the Constitution's provisions, in particular those granting powers to the Fed Govnt |
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| An order for a person to appear and to produce documents or other requested materials |
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| A person who inherits a title or office |
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| Expressions by conduct; communicating ideas via facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band |
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| The govnt cannot curb ideas before they are expressed |
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| A formal agreement between two or more sovereign states |
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| Contrary to constitutional provision and so illegal, null and void, of no force and effect |
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| An adjective describing a legislative body with one chamber |
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| A centralized govnt in which all govnt powers belong to a single, central agency |
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| Plan represented by delegates from Virginia at the Const Convention; called for three branch govnt with a bicameral leg in which each State's membership would be determined by its population or its financial support for the central govnt |
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| An almost obsolete system whereby a presidential aspirant who won the preference vote in a primary automatically won all the delegates chosen in the primary |
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| Foreign born resident, non citizen |
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| A term used for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people |
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