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| Who was the most important British? |
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| He wrote a number of pamphlets or articles that provided motivations or reasons of explanations as to why Great Britain should establish colonies in the New World. |
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| What were the reasons Richard Hakluyt proved for colonization? |
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Definition
1. To promote Protestant Christianity
2. They are going to expand trade (The colonies would become trading partners)
3. They are going to establish military bases (for possible war with Spain)
4. They are going to discover gold, silver, and other valuable resources
5. A shorter western route to the orient
6. To find an outlet for the growing number of unemployed or underemployed people in Great Britain |
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| The 1st English explorer of note was whom. |
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| He was a "Seadog" that went to Queen Elizabeth to receive permission to establish a British colony. |
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| Besides telling Queen Elizabeth that he wanted to establish British colonies, what else did Sir Humphrey Gilbert want to establish? |
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| Sir Humphrey Gilbert wanted to establish a series of pirate bases to attack Spanish treasure ships. |
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| In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert sailed to what he hoped would be present day Rhode Island, but instead he landed where? |
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| After Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed in New Finland, what did he decide to do? |
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| He decided to return to England and he was never seen again. |
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| In 1584 he approached Queen Elizabeth about establishing a permanent colony expanding on Sir Humphrey Gilberts mission. |
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| Sir Walter Raleigh used what was called the _____ to help generate support for his efforts. |
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| A British term used to criticize Spanish colonization. |
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| True or False. Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to cast the Spanish colonization in a negative light. |
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| What did the Black Legend say about Spanish colonization in the New World? |
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| It said that it was brutal and to look at all the deaths that they have caused against the Indian tribes |
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| A Raleigh sponsored expedition by John White. |
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| How many members did John White take with him on his expidition to Roanoke Island? |
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| After one month, John White left Roanoke Island and returned to England to get more supplies, but he was delayed because of what? |
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| When John White returned to Roanoke Island from Great Britain with supplies what did he find? |
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| He found nothing in Roanoke Island. Rumor was that they were possible killed by the Indians. Another rumor suggested they were killed by the Spanish. Another rumor was that they venutured into the interior and were either killed by Indians or joined the Indians. Ultimatley noone knows what happened to them. |
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| A company where you could buy stock or shares to sponsor colonization. There is a the potential that you could make a profit. |
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| In April 1607, 105 settlers arrived in ________. This was the beginning of 10 disastrous years. |
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| By the Spring of 1610, over 900 people had entered the colony of Jamestown, but only _____ had remained. |
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| 0nly 60 remained. Most had died. some returned to England. Some had been killed by Indians. Some had run away and joined the Indians |
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| What was there so much difficulty in why the British struggled in Virginia? |
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Definition
1. Miscalculation about Virginia's resoures(British thought it could duplicate the Spanish Silver and Gold mining but didnt)
2.The social composition of the settlers that came to Virginia. 30% were wealthy gentlemen.
3.The colonists did not have a reliable source or system of making food. They spent too much time searching for gold and silver when they should have been learning how to grow food. They relied on the Indians. |
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| Assisted the British colonists and allowed them to survive the first years of colonization. |
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| Why did Powhatan help the British colonists? |
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1. The British colonies were not viewed as a threat
2. The British colonies could serve as allies in wars against other Indian groups |
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| Virginians finally figure out that they can grow _____ and make a profit. |
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| A British politician that was a treasure of the colonization effort introduced a program in 1619. What was this program called? |
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| Sandy's Program puts forward incentives for the colonization in Virginia. What were the 3 incentives? |
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| 1. Land Reform - Not many people in Europe owned land and land was viewed as a standard of wealth. 2. Headright System - It creates an expectation to settlers that they will have access to land. That land is a right. 3. House of Burgesses - Is often referred to as the first representative legislature in colonies. Its about self government |
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| The 2nd trend of discovery was what product that was grown for a profit? |
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| What years were viewed as the tobacco boom? |
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| True or False. All of the colonists were engaged in growing tobacco. Almost the entire focus on the colonists was growing tobacco. |
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| His thesis is most accepted as colonial identity. People were adventurers, materialist, and out for themselves. Virginia during the 1620s and 1630s looked like a frontier; there's lawlessness, there's fighting, there's lots of prostitution, there's lots of drinking |
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| In the beginning of the 1620s, it is a critical development of the British colonies. The relationship between the _____ and the British colonies changes. |
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| After Ponhatan dies, he is replaced by his brother _________. |
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| After Opechancanough takes over after his brother Ponhatan dies, what does he notice about the population of the Europeans coming to Virginia? |
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| He notices that more Europeans are coming to Virginia. More people means they need more land. |
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| Opechancanough called for this to reclaim Indian land and spiritual/religious beliefs. |
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| After Opechancanough's chief advisor is murdered by the Virginians in March of 1622, he launches an atttack on the Virginians. How many Virginians did Opechancanough and his army of Indians kill? |
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| After the king abolishes the Virginia Company after an investigation of mismanaged land, who does the King give the power to? |
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| The king gives power to himself |
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| This system utilized large amounts of acreage in order to produce the tobacco. |
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| What was the first comprehensive labor system that was used in the Plantation System/ |
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| Were indentured servants usually white or black? |
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| Indentured Servants usually signed a contract that lasted how many years? |
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| Typically from 4 to 5 years |
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| Who paid the indentured servants passage or way to the new world. |
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Definition
| The holder of the contract where the indentured servant would work off his debt through his contract he signed. |
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| After an indentured servants contract ended, what did they receive? |
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Definition
| They received freedom dues. They were given things like food, tools, weapons, clothing, cash and some cases they received land but not in Virginia |
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| Did indentured servants have any type of legal status? |
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| Yes and they could take their contract holder to court |
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| There are a couple of reasons why people are living longer in Virginia. What are they? |
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1. They have a better diet
2. There are less major conflicts with the Indians
3. The trip over from Great Britain to Virginia is a lot easier
4. More women are coming over to Virginia from Great Britain. |
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| From 1658-1666, the indentured servitude contract period was increased. If you were 19 years old, how long was the contract for? |
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| From 1658-1666, the indentured servitude contract period was increased. If you were 18 years old or younger, you served until you were how old? |
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| The average age indentured servitude began at what age? |
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| One of the punishments for indentured servants was for running away. If you ran away, then a formula was used to figure the repayment. If someone ran away for a month then they would have to serve an additional what as repayment? |
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| When it came to indentured servants a woman could be punished for having a child out of wedlock. What was the punishment? |
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| 2 years was added on for having a baby out of wedlock |
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| The 3rd thing that happend in the Virginia colonization between 1650 and 1675 where 2.3 million acres of land was claimed. |
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| In the 1660s, there was a social order of the British colonies. What was the social order from top to bottom? |
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| Top - Planters Next - Middleclass Men (Merchants, etc) Next - Servants/ Ex-Servants Next - Slaves (roughly 1000 slaves) Bottom - Indians |
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| The governor of Virginia. |
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| What was Bacon's Rebellion about? |
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| Nathaniel Bacon was a planter that wanted to wage war with the Indians so he went to the governor William Berkley to get permission. Berkley said no but Bacon waged war with the Indians anyway. Bacon wants to wage war again with the Indians and he is told yes but behind his back he is told no. Bacon has his war with the Indians, then comes back, attacked Jamestown, running the governor out fleeing for his life. Bacon dies and the rebellion comes to an end |
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| What happens to the labor after Bacon's Rebellion? |
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Definition
| Labor shifts from Indentured Servants to African slaves |
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| If Bacon's Rebellion is used as an impact on the transition of labor shifting from indentured servitude to African slavery then...... |
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Definition
1. This will create a new labor system that has no limits (where the term of service is life)
2. Slavery originated in Virginia because of the concerns of the elite and powers of the lower class (So this decision was made as a preemptive strike against any potential civil unrest) |
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| If economics were used as an impact on the transition of labor shifting from indentured servitude to African slavery........then... |
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| The transition happened when it became economically possible (In this slaves are viewed as property) |
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| Mature Virginia is a ________ economy whos labor system comprises of _______ |
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