Term
| What were the reasons for the rapid growth of the colonial population? (3) |
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Definition
1.Immigration-ppl were looking for land
2.High birth rate
3.Low death rate |
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Term
| Why did New England have a larger population than the southern colonies? |
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Definition
| Colonists of New England had been migrating as families from the beginning |
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Term
| How did the population explosion affect the economy of the colonies? |
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Definition
The demand for goods was increasing.
Very youthful population contributed to economic growth |
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Term
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Definition
| people who would go to docks and sell themselves to the captain of a ship and then the ship captain would auction the people off at the destination to work as servants for a number of years |
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Term
| Who were the Scots-Irish? Why were they significant? |
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Definition
| ppl origanally living in Scottland; They were Calvanists/Puritans who were moved to Ireland...? |
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Term
| What group first came to Virginia in 1619? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the lifestyle of the gentry of tidewater Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. |
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Definition
| gentry-Land owners; they did not put much of an emphasis on education; lived extravagantly; enjoyed parties, hunting, horse riding; grew and sold tobacco |
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Term
| Describe life in tidewater South Carolina. |
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Definition
| Blacks outnumbered whites; most whites here were poor and uneducated; income was stable |
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Term
| Why did the South Carolina planters have less trouble wiht debt than the planters of the Chesapeake area? |
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Definition
| South Carolina planters grew rice and indigo which produced a steady and stable income, while the Chesapeake area planters grew tobacco which was produced a very unstable income. |
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Term
| What important port was established in Carolina? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were there more absentee plantation owners in Carolina than in the other southern colonies? |
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Definition
| Because the weather was not pleasant |
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Term
| How did the economy of the southern backcountry differ from the tidewater area? |
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Definition
| southern backcountry- Small farmers who grew many different things (mixed subsistence); they grew only for their family and were isolated. |
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Term
| Describe relations between the southern backcountry and the tidewater. |
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Definition
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Term
| What group dominated Pennsylvania? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did New York, with its fine harbor, develop slowly? |
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Definition
| b/c the Dutch had established large estates, making the land unavailable. |
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Term
| Describe the triangular trade. |
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Definition
| New England sent rum to Africa in exchange for slaves, which were taken to the West Indies and traded for molasses that was taken back to New England to make more rum and continue the cycle |
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Term
| How did the Puritan lifestyle change in the 18th century? |
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Definition
| Puritans began focussing more on money than religion; they enjoyed more money and extravagant lifestyles |
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Term
| Where was the most democratic society found in the colonies? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did life in the cities compare with life elsewhere in the colonies? |
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Definition
| ppl who lived in the cities were more educated, better informed, held a higher standard of living, and had newspapers |
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Term
| Who was John Peter Zenger? |
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Definition
He published articles critizing the royal governor for corruption.
charged with linel but the verdict was not guilty.
*Beginning of the Freedom of the Press |
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Term
| What factors contributed to unity among the colonies? |
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Definition
-Newspapers
-Trade
-English background (common political tradition)
-Spoke same language |
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Term
| Describe the structure of colonial government? |
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Definition
Royal Governor
2 house legislature
governor council
elected assembly |
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Term
| What conflict faced colonial governors? |
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Definition
| The king gave him orders and he had to obey the king but he was living with the settlers so he wanted to keep them happy also. |
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Term
| Which branch of colonial government gradually became most powerful? Why? |
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Definition
| the elected assembly because the people elected who they wanted |
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Term
| What class usually controlled the assemblies? How did they sustain their power? |
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Definition
| wealthy people, lawyers, planters, ect.; They controlled their power by sitting property qualifications for voting. |
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Term
| What sectional political conflicts existed in the colonies, between the western and eastern areas? |
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Definition
Western- poor farmers who were in debt and wanted cheap money; they were under represented and felt like they were paying tases and not getting anything in return such as: protection and/or roads; they also had to ay tithes but there were no churches in the west
eastern- wanted sound money |
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Term
| What was the condition of religion in the colonies in the early 18th century? |
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Definition
| Religion was on a decline |
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Term
| What is an established church? What were the established churches in the colonies? Where? |
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Definition
-An established church is a church that is supported by the government.
-Puritan churches (Congregational) in New England
-Church of England in the South |
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Term
| Who was Jonathan Edwards? |
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Definition
| Massachusetts minister who wrote "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God" which was a sermon that was very "hell, fire, and brimestone", and says that God is just dangling sinners over the pit of hell |
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Term
| What was the Great Awakeining? Who initiated it? |
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Definition
| the Great Awakeining was a widespread revival in the 1740's that was started by George Whitefield; he preached outside and attracted many large crowds |
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Term
| What were the Old Lights and New Lights? |
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Definition
Old Lights- traditional; thought preachers should be dignified and educated. They left churches and formed the Baptist Church.
New Lights- more modern; led by emotions |
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Term
| What were the general results of the Great Awakening? |
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Definition
-People started forming Baptist Churches
-number of new deneminations
-number of new colleges formed by the new lights |
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Term
| How did the Great Awakening affect blacks in the colonies? |
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Definition
| Slaves began attending white churches and establishing there own Church groups |
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Term
| What group was instrumental in the anti-slavery movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
| Movement that stresses learning and logical thought and a turning away from superstitions. Ppl believed that the world could be explained by natural laws through observation and reason |
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Term
| What happened in Salem, MA. in 1692? |
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Definition
| The Salem Witch trials; over 100 people arrested for accussed of being witches and many people were executed. |
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Term
| Summarize Newton's contribution to science. |
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Definition
| He saw the world as a governed machine controlled by fixed laws. He discovered the laws of gravitationand the laws of motion. |
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Term
| What was John Locke's theory about human reason and learning? |
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Definition
| People are born with a "blank slate", and that people learn through their senses |
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Term
| What were Locke's ideas about human reason and learning? |
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Definition
Contract theory of gov't meant people lived in a state of nature with no laws and then they would sign a contract with a ruler or king and obey him in exchange for protection, basic rights- life, liberty, and property.
If the ruler or king violates these rights, he can be overthrown. |
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Term
| Whate American became an example of the ideals of the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did education differ among the colonies? |
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Definition
New England- required education and had the highest literacy rates in the colonies
Middle colonies- lower literacy rates
South- lowest literacy rates |
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Term
| Who was James Oglethorpe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the reasons for the founding of the Georgia colony? (2) |
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Definition
1)To protect South Carolina (military outpost fo rdefense against Spain)
2)To be a colony where ppl in debtors prisons could get a new start but it didn't go as planned. |
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Term
| What were the original rules for the Georgia colony? How did these work out? |
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Definition
-size of landholding was limited
-rum and hard liqour were prohibited
-slavery was banned
-ALL RULES FAILED |
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Term
| Where were the French settlements in North America? |
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Definition
| Along the St. Lawrence River, the southern Great Lakes, the Mississippi River all the way to New Orleans. |
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Term
| How did the French population compare to with the British population in the colonies by 1760? |
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Definition
-60,000 French all being fighting age men & they had more Indian allies
-1 1/2 million British |
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Term
| In which colony did much of the fighting between the French and English colonists take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the fighting in the colonies during King William's War and Queen Anne's War. What peace treaty ended these wars? What did the British gain? |
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Definition
-No troops sent from the "mother country"
-Colonists themselves had to fight along with their Indian allies
-Most fights were won by the English
-Fighting ended in 1713 with the Peace of Utrecht
-British gained Nova Scotia |
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Term
| What did the New England colonists accomplish during King George's War? What was the peace treaty that ended this war, and how did it affect this accomplishment? |
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Definition
-Group of New England colonists took over Fort Louisbourg.
-Aix la Chapelle
-Fort Louisbourg was handed back to the French. |
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Term
| What fort did the French build at the Forks of the Ohio after King George's War? What were the results of George Washington's expedition against this fort? |
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Definition
Fort Duguesne; Washington built Ft. Necessity but was ambushed and forced to surrender
-Beginning of the French and Indian War |
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Term
| What was the Albany Congress? What were the results? |
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Definition
Conference held for colonists to meet with Iroquois Confederacy to make sure they were on the same side, but the Indians walked out & left the conference.
The colonists stayed and came up w/ the Albany Plan of Union saying the colonists should come together as one. Colonists rejected the idea. |
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Term
| How was the French and Indian War different from earlier French and English colonial wars? |
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Definition
| For the first time the English and French gov'ts send troops to the North America. |
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Term
| What was Braddock's defeat? |
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Definition
| Braddock and troops head toward Ft. Duguesne but they were ambushed and defeated. Braddock later dies from wounds recieved during battle. |
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Term
| What was William Pitts war strategy? Was it successful? |
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Definition
allow German allies to do the fighting on the European continent which would leave British to fight at sea and in North America.
Yes it was successful because for one we speak English and two Ft. Duquesne became Ft. Pitt, and then Ft. Pittsburg |
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Term
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris(1763)? |
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Definition
-French are out of N. America
-British get Canada and all land east of Mississippi River
-land west of Miss. River is transfered to Spain
-British gets Florida |
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Term
| What were the major areas of colonial complaints about British policies in the 18th century? (4) |
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Definition
1. Taxes(Taxation w/o representation)
2. Quartering troops
3. Restrict western settlement
4. Enforce trade laws |
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Term
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Definition
Up until 1763, Salutary Neglect or Benign Neglect was going on in the colonies, meaning British gov't did not enforce laws or taxes strictly on the colonies. Britain was leaving the colonies alone. After 1763,Britain decided they should make the colonies help pay for the war and enforce policies, taxes, and laws.
- |
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Term
| What were Writs of Assistance? How did Americans react to them? |
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Definition
Search warrant which called on local police to help in searches for smuggling.
Americans said this was violating their property rights. |
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Term
| What was Pontiac's Rebellion? |
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Definition
| Group of Indians led by Pontiac who attact the British forts in western New York and western Pennsylvannia and destroyed 7 of the 9 forts. |
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Term
| What was the cause of the Proclamation of 1763? What was its purpose? How did the colonists react? |
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Definition
| Drew a line roughly on the Appalachian mnts and said no settlement west of that line. The only ppl who were supposed to west of that line were the Indians and the fur traders. The purpose of this was to prevent more fights with Indians. Colonists were angry and ignored the Proclamation of 1763. |
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Term
| What were Britain's motives in stationing regular troops in America? How did the colonists feel about this? |
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Definition
| The British saw it as a way to get the colonists to share in the cost of protection, but the colonists felt that it was a violation of the British constitution which said no standing army in peace time, and seen as a threat to individual liberty. |
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Term
| What was the Sugar Act of 1764? What new principle did it introduce? |
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Definition
Lowered the tarriff on molasses with hopes to stop smuggling; also seen as a way to raise money for the British gov't;
Taxation with no representation |
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Term
| What was the Quartering Act? |
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Definition
| Law that required any colony to which troops were at to pay for living quarters and supplies for the troops. |
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Term
| What did the Stamp Act call for? What was the response of the colonial assemblies? |
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Definition
required a tax be paid on everything printed;
Colonists seen it as a direct tax on colonies which lead to protests and riots. |
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Term
| What did the Stamp Act Congress do? |
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Definition
| passed resolutions saying parliament had no right to tax the colonies. |
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Term
| How did the colonial view of taxation and representation differ from that of the British? |
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Definition
Colonists believed the only people who could represent them were members of the colonies themselves.
British believed in virtual representation meaning members of parliament represented ALL Englishmen everywhere, therefore they could tax them. |
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Term
| Who were the Sons of Liberty? What did they do? |
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Definition
| secret organization found maily in the port cities of New England who were against the sale of the taxed stamps. |
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Term
| What forced the repeal of the Stamp Act? |
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Definition
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