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| The quality of being supreme in power or authority |
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| The division of power between a central government and regional government |
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| a view holding that the Constitution is a compact among sovereign states, so that the powers of the national government and the states are clearly differentiated |
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| the idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the US constitution are reserved to the states |
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| those powers that Congress needs to execute its enumerated powers |
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| a view holding that the Constitution is an agreement among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there is so much overlap between state powers and national powers |
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| the last clause in article I section 8 of the constitution, which gives congress the means to execute its enumerated powers. This clause is the basis for congress' implied powers. Also called the Necessary and Proper Clause. |
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| The Third Clause of Article I Section 8 of the constitution which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states. |
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| Money provided by one level of government to another to be spent for a given purpose |
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| grants-in-aid targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project |
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| categorical grants distributed according to a particular set of rules called a formula, that specify who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive (lunch) |
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| Categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applicants submitted by prospective recipients to perform a specific task or function |
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| grants-in-aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the recipient great discretion in spending the grant money |
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| Citizens, members of interest groups, or public officials who champion particular policy ideas |
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| the power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function |
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| a requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service, in keeping with minimum national standards |
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| a requirement laid down by act of congress, prohibiting a state or local government from exercising a certain power |
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| a view holding that the national government may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulations in the form of mandates and restraints |
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| the process of redrawing political boundaries to reflect changes in population |
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| the government units that administer a city or town |
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| the government units that administer a county |
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| the government unit that administers elementary and secondary school programs |
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| Government Units created to perform particular functions, especially when those functions are best performed across jurisdictional boundaries |
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| the right to enact and enforce legislation locally |
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