Term
| What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World? Why did the colony have such a hard time first? |
|
Definition
| The first permanent English settlement was named Jamestown, located in Virginia. They were having such a hard time because they were dying from starvation and disease. Also the crops were unfamiliar. |
|
|
Term
| What were the objectives of the first English colonization in Virginia? |
|
Definition
| They were focused on making a profit rather than providing for their own survival needs. They had three objectives. The first objective was looking for gold and silver. The second objective was to look for a northwest passage. Third objective was cash crops. |
|
|
Term
| What factors contributed to the improvement of conditions in the Virginia colony by the 1620s? |
|
Definition
| A charter of the Virginia Colony, the discovery of tobacco, the headright system, women coming over in 1619, the Gov’t liberated by the house of Burgess. |
|
|
Term
| What were the social and political effects of the success of tobacco production in Virginia? |
|
Definition
| Pushed small farmers westward, small ruling elite (planters) , slavery |
|
|
Term
| What was Bacon’s Rebellion? |
|
Definition
| Rebellion by western farmers against their eastern gov’t, they defeated the Indians, and then they turned on Jamestown and that showed a need for a more manageable labor force |
|
|
Term
| How did Puritan settlement of New England differ from settlement in Virginia? |
|
Definition
| The puritans came for religious reasons and at first came as families. The Virginia settlers came in search of wealth and first came as just as men. |
|
|
Term
| How did Puritan ideology of a life in New England? |
|
Definition
| They believe that if a person was doing well materially, God had favor on them. They believed all could be punished for the sins of one person, so they kept a watchful eye on others. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Mayflower compact? |
|
Definition
| 41 men signed the mayflower compact which was an agreement to establish some type of Gov’t based on consent of the governed |
|
|
Term
| What type of relationship did the Pilgrims have with the Indians? |
|
Definition
| Not entirely well in the beginning, but the ones they encountered after the first winter were friendly. Squanto spoke English, and was one of the first Indians they encountered. The Indians showed the Pilgrims how to grow corn, trap animals, and how to farm. So, the initial relations were good. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Great Migration? |
|
Definition
| This was a great influx of people, most of them were Puritains, to Massachusetts |
|
|
Term
| How did the economy of Massachusetts differ from that of Virginia? |
|
Definition
| Massachusetts depended on overseas trade. Virginia depended on cash crops. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the political struggle in Massachusetts in the first half of the 17th century. |
|
Definition
| A struggle between political leaders and other men lower in the church. A compromise finally allowed all male members of the Puritains to vote and a Gen. legislator was produced: a general court consisting of wealthy in upper and the rest in the lower. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Roger Williams? Who was Anne Hutchinson? |
|
Definition
| Roger Williams was a respected separatist and minister who had ideas that were alarming. He said that colonist could not claim land unless they bought it from the Indians. He was banished from the colony, he then lay a tribe and he established the town of Providence. He is a founder of Rhode Island Colony. Gov’t was similar to Massachusetts except for that the gov’t had no say in how Christians worshipped. Anne Hutchinson said that no outward behavior is a sign of salvation. Also she said if you were saved you did not have to obey outward law. She went to trial, the trial was in her favor until she said she was speaking directly to God, she was banished. |
|
|
Term
| How did the religious and political policy of Rhode Island differ from that of Massachusetts? |
|
Definition
| All Christians could worship as they please and men who were not church members could vote. |
|
|
Term
| Name the five New England Colonies. |
|
Definition
| Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Plymouth |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between the Puritans in Massachusetts and the Indians in the 17th century. |
|
Definition
| The Indians rebelled after years of Puritans taking their land. Of the major wars of this time was King Phillips War. The settlers counter-attacked and overtook the Indians(even the friendly ones) |
|
|
Term
| How did the economy of New England differ from that of Virginia? |
|
Definition
| Virginia: economy dependent on cash crops, large plantations, lived on plantations, and to indentured servants, later slaves worked on farms, imports important. New England: economy dependent on trade, small farms, lived in villages, few servants or slaves worked on the farms, self sufficient |
|
|
Term
| What trade dominated the New England economy after 1638? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a result of war between the Netherlands and England in the 17th century? |
|
Definition
| They settled in New York. |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of war between the Netherlands and England in the mid 17th century? |
|
Definition
| The Netherlands Lost, England won, and the colony of New Netherlands was renamed New York |
|
|
Term
| What was a proprietary colony? |
|
Definition
| Large lands given by the king to friends, and also to pay off debt. The owners of these lands were called proprietors. |
|
|
Term
| Why was Maryland established? What religious policy was established there in 1649? |
|
Definition
| Maryland was established to provide a refuge for Catholics. The policy was the Toleration Act, which meant freedom of worship for all Christians |
|
|
Term
| What was the significance of the large number of settlers from Barbados coming to Carolina? |
|
Definition
| They brought slaves with them and also the harsh laws that came with slavery. These laws served as a model for laws passed in the Carolinas concerning slavery |
|
|
Term
| What was Carolina’s export crop? What did this lead to? |
|
Definition
| Rice. A need for slave labor |
|
|
Term
| How did the northern part of Carolina differ from the southern part? |
|
Definition
| N. Carolina was an area of small farms and fewer slaves |
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe Quaker beliefs. |
|
Definition
| They did not believe in predestination, they felt that anyone could be saved. They believed everyone had an internal light. They were pacifists, believed in simplicity, they had no ministers. |
|
|
Term
| What were the political and religious policies of Pennsylvania? |
|
Definition
| All adult male landowners and tax payers could vote. One House legislature (unicameral legislature), all Christians had complete freedom to worship |
|
|
Term
| What was the mercantile system? How did it affect the colonies? What was the problem of enforcement? |
|
Definition
| The mercantile system is an economic philosophy that was based on the idea that there was a limited amount of wealth in the world. Economic activity regulated by gov’t to benefit the nation as a whole, by building a favorable balance of trade increasing in gold and silver. Colonies had to send crops to England and buy manufactured goods from England and initially helped them and later they saw it as restrictive. |
|
|
Term
| Where did the mercantile system work best? Worst? |
|
Definition
| Work best in the south which had cash export crops, and needed to the report manufactured items and worst in New England which was starting their own manufacturing and also wanted to be able to trade with other countries. |
|
|
Term
| What principles were embodied in the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663? |
|
Definition
| All trade with Colonies had to be with English or Colonial ships and the crews of these ships had to be either 75% English or Colonial, and if the colonists imported something from another country it had to go to England first and then be shipped on a British ship |
|
|
Term
| What did the New England merchants do when a high tax was placed on molasses from other countries? |
|
Definition
| The merchants started to smuggle molasses into England |
|
|
Term
| How did James II try to solve the Massachusetts problem? |
|
Definition
| He combined all of the New England Colonies and New York and New Jersey into one large colony: The Dominion of New England |
|
|
Term
| Who was Edmund Andros? What happened to him? |
|
Definition
| P was the roiled governor sent to New England to administer The Dominion of New England, he tried to impose a tax and Naval Acts which was not welcomed, he also antagonized the colonists telling them they had no rights, he was banished |
|
|
Term
| What new imperial policies were instituted by William III? Were Americans adversely affected? |
|
Definition
| Customs offices were set up in each colony, anyone who disobeyed the navigation law would be tried by a judge and not a jury of peers. No, Americans were not adversely affected, smuggling continued and overall Americans benefited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cause: Edmund Andros came to New England and imposed taxes and naval acts Effect: heat was run out of the colony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cause: Tax on molasses Effect: Smuggling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cause: Growing of rice in North Carolina Effect: More slavery |
|
|
Term
| 1. When did people first come to the New World? From where? How? |
|
Definition
| 10 to 40,000 years ago, Asia, on foot in small groups on land bridges, the Bering straight connecting Asia and North America |
|
|
Term
| 2. When did the second wave of immigration occur? What did it consist of? |
|
Definition
| They were from Europe and Africa, Europeans forced African slaves to move; about 500 years ago |
|
|
Term
| 3. Around 1500, what changes were taking place in western Europe? |
|
Definition
| Economic change, mainly a change to capitalism; religious change, protestant reformation; nation states, monarchy/Kings |
|
|
Term
| 4. Where do we get out information about the first Americans? |
|
Definition
| Artifacts, archaeological findings, records and journals |
|
|
Term
| 5. How did the original Americans vary? |
|
Definition
| Spoke many languages, clothing and art varied, constructed highways, appearance, technology |
|
|
Term
| 6. Name the three groups of Eastern Woodland Indians. |
|
Definition
| Aldonquian, Muscogeans, Iroquoian |
|
|
Term
| 7. What was their source of food? What three major technological advances did they lack? |
|
Definition
| They grew crops such as corn, pumpkin, squash, and beans; plow, draft animals, and the wheel |
|
|
Term
| 8. How did the Indian attachment to their land differ from that of the Europeans? |
|
Definition
| To the Indians, the land was theirs because of use and tradition and also because of tribal ownership. To the Europeans, they thought that there was exclusive individual ownership of the land. |
|
|
Term
| 9. How did the roles of men and women differ in Indian society? |
|
Definition
| The women cleaned and processed animals, they were in charge of food preparation, building, as well as taking care of the children. The men hunted and they were warriors |
|
|
Term
| 10. Were the Indians peaceful? |
|
Definition
| No, they fought with their neighbor and they looked at it as board, like rite of passage for the males. But their casualties were fewer than that of the Europeans |
|
|
Term
| 11. Who were the first Europeans to come to America? When? Who was their leader? |
|
Definition
| The Norse; around year 1000; Lief Ericson |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Northern Canada along New Findland |
|
|
Term
| 13. Why don’t we celebrate Leif Ericson Day? |
|
Definition
| Because his discovery was not as well known as Columbus’ |
|
|
Term
| 14. What reasons can you give for the sudden European expansion in the 15th century? (6) |
|
Definition
| religion, alternate trade route, nation states, new technology, population increase, and Brenda solves |
|
|
Term
| 15. What European nation pioneered in geographic and maritime research? What name do we associate with this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16. What did Dias accomplish? Da Gama? What was the significance of Da Gama’s voyage? |
|
Definition
| He sailed that southern tip of Africa; He sailed the southern tip of Africa, and then he sailed across the Indian Ocean, reached India, and came back with ships full of spices, gold, and jewels. This was the beginning of the trade route. |
|
|
Term
| 17. Why did Ferdinand and Isabella agree to finance Columbus’ expedition? |
|
Definition
| They conquered all the people of Spain and converted them to Christianity, they won more people to convert to Christianity |
|
|
Term
| 18. What did Columbus think he had found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
|
Definition
| A treaty that the Pope made to divide the “NewLand,” dividing it as though west belonged to Portugal and the east belonged to Spain. |
|
|
Term
| 20. Who was Amerigo Vespucci? |
|
Definition
| He was another explorer that sailed to Spain who explored along the coast of Mexico, and down to Brazil, he was good at publicizing his voyages so that when the mapmaker some years later was drawing a map of the new world he needed a name and was familiar with Amerigo and he named it America |
|
|
Term
| 22. What was the major cause of death among the Indians as a result of European expansion? |
|
Definition
| Diseases of the Europeans |
|
|
Term
| 23. What nation successfully challenged the Spanish for control of North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. How did the French avoid conflict with the Indians? |
|
Definition
| By traveling on the river, also because they were not stealing land, they were marrying the Indians, and they were adopting the Indians ways |
|
|
Term
| 25. Who were the Calvinists and what did the want? |
|
Definition
| They believe in predestination; they are also known as puritans because they want to purify the Church of England |
|
|
Term
| 26. Who was the first English ruler to support voyages of exploration on a large scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 27. What did Sir Francis Drake accomplish? |
|
Definition
| First English man to sail around the world |
|
|
Term
| 28. What happened in 1588? Significance? |
|
Definition
| Spain tried to invade England with what was known as the Spanish Armada, England defeated Spain and from here on, Spain would be in decline, and England is becoming a world power |
|
|
Term
| 29. Who was Sir Walter Raleigh? What happened to his attempt to establish a colony at Roanoke Island? |
|
Definition
| He got a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth to establish a colony at Roanoke Island; Who knows? |
|
|
Term
| 30. How would changes in England be important for future colonization (3)? |
|
Definition
| English merchants were accumulating capital; enclosure movement; puritans facing persecution |
|
|
Term
| 31. What was the league of the Iroquois? |
|
Definition
| Five tribes who’ve lived in what is now New York, they formed a political alliance with a central council, each tribe sending members to the council |
|
|
