Term
|
Definition
| Protection of historically disadvantaged groups from infringement of their equality rights by discriminatory action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Civil War amendment that specifically prohibited slavery in the US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Civil War amendment that provided all persons w/ privileges & immunities of national citizenship; guarantee of = protection of the laws by any state; and safeguard of due process to protect one's life, liberty, and property from state gov't interference. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Civil War amendment that extended suffrage to former male slaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Legislation in the South that mandated racial segregation in public facilities such as restaurants and restrooms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Segregation mandated by law or decreed by gov't officials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Segregation that occurs b/c of past economic and social conditions such as residential racial patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Historic legislation that prohibited racial segregation in public accommodations and racial discrimination in employment, education, and voting. |
|
|
Term
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
|
Definition
| Federal legislation that outlawed literacy tests and empowered federal officials to enter southern states to register African American voters; the act dismantled the most significant barriers to African Americans' suffrage rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Equal protection test used by Supreme Court that requires a complaint to prove that the use of a classification such as age, gender, or race is not a reasonable means of achieving a legitimate gov't objective. |
|
|
Term
| intermediate scrutiny test |
|
Definition
| Equal protection test used by Supreme Court that requires the gov't to prove that the use of classifications (age, gender, race) is substantially related to an important gov't objective. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Equal protection test used by Supreme Court that places the greatest burden of proof on gov't to prove that classifications (age, gender, race) are the least restrictive means to achieve a compelling gov't goal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programs that attempt to provide members of disadvantaged groups w/ enhanced opportunities to secure jobs, promotions, and admission to education institutions. |
|
|
Term
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke |
|
Definition
| 1978 Supreme Court case that declared unconstitutional the use of racial quotas to achieve a diverse student body but allowed the use of race as one of many factors in admissions decisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Argument that the use of race as a factor in affirmative action programs constitutes unconstitutional discrimination against the majority population. |
|
|
Term
| Korematsu v. United States |
|
Definition
| 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the US govt's internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent during WWII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irrational fear and hatred directed towards homosexuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Legal recognition by a state of a gay/lesbian relationship; allows gay & lesbian couples to receive same state benefits as heterosexual married couples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The proposed constitutional amendment that would have prohibited national and state govts from denying equal rights on the basis of sex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Notion that individuals performing different jobs that require the same amount of knowledge, effort, skill, responsibility, and working conditions should receive = compensation; proposal would elevate pay structure of many jobs traditionally performed by women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practice of awarding jobs or job benefits in exchange for sexual favors, or the creation of a hostile work or education environment by unwarranted sexual advances or sexual conversation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Litigation and mobilization activities of African Americans in the second half of 20th century that led to a greater realization of equality for all disadvantaged groups |
|
|
