Term
True or False
Movement of a limb away from the body's midline is called Adduction |
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Definition
False
It is called Abduction. |
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Term
| A natural or acquired (learned) skill is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Allowing the leg muscles to relax and joints to flex in response to forces applied to the skis, creating a momentary reduction in force is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The rate at which an object's velocity changes over time, including both magnitude and direction is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| *The basic recipe for teaching a specific topic is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Working to cause movement or change; or movements generated to change the ski-to-snow interaction is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| *Programs or lessons tailored to the individual needs of people who require specialized equipment or teaching techniques is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Movement of a limb toward the body's midline is called Abduction |
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Definition
False
It is called Adduction. |
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Term
| A component of the "skier zones" used to categorize general ability level. Skiers in this range from those who can handle the easiest groomed black runs to experts who can apply a variety of turn shapes to control speed on any type of terrain, in any snow condition is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for physical activity that uses oxygen to help meet energy demands, as opposed to the opposite exercise? Examples are running, riding (a Pinarello), etc.? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What does the "A" in the CAP model called and what does it represent? |
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Definition
Affective
It represents a person's affective development, which involves emotions, motivations, and how s/he feels |
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Term
| Leaning toward the tails of the skis is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The capability to move quickly and easily is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general name for a maneuver performed off the ground while on skis or a snowboard; or to jump over or off of something? |
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Definition
| Air. As in "Bro! Did you see Jenny get that massive air off of that twig?" |
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Term
| What's the positioning of the body so that forces derived from the interaction of the skis on the snow pass through the body's COM to produce the intended movement? It is optimized when the skis and boots are selected and/or modified to either complement or correct body movement to enhance strength and predictability of movement. |
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Definition
Alignment
Also refers to the process of adjusting boots (footbed, cuff and/or sole) to modify a person's stance. |
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Term
| What the term used to differentiate downhill skiing from nordic? |
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Definition
Alpine Skiing
It derived from nordic skiing with the invention fo ski lifts an fixed-heel bindings. |
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Term
| What the student-centered system of methods, models and and philosophy of teaching snowsports, and what was its original name? |
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Definition
American Teach System (ATS)
Used to be called American Teaching Method |
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Term
| *What's the type of exercise called in which energy is released with the use of oxygen? Examples include skiing in bumps or steeps vs. groomers. |
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Definition
Anaerobic Exercise
The body releases this type of energy via phosphate energy-delivery system that is later replenished via oxygen. |
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Term
| What's the science of bodily structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What is the phrase used for rotational analog or linear momentum; defined as the product of an object's rotational inertia and its angular velocity around a particular axis? |
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Definition
Angular Momentum
The direction a skier goes if the skis suddenly break loose is the result of this. |
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Term
| Laterally tipping the body relative to the slope by creating angels between various body parts is called what? Give some examples. |
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Definition
Angulation
It allows a skier to adjust edge angle and maintain balance toward the outside ski. Example are hip angulation and knee angulation. |
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Term
| A psychological and/or physical preparation. In skiing, this refers to a movement in preparation for turning, in which the upper body actively turns to face downhill or remains facing downhill as the skis continue to turn across the hill. |
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Definition
Anticipation
Strong rotational input is transferred to the the skis when the edges are released. |
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Term
| What is the highest point a skier can attain based on speed, line and trajectory, either in the pipe or off a jump; or the farthest point of a turn and the skis point straight down the fall line? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The in-run and line to a feature; the movements and tactics a skier uses before reaching the takeoff zone of a feature is called a runway |
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Definition
False
It is called Approach |
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Term
True or False
An "Arc" is the curved path of the skis during a turn. |
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Definition
True
It is also the flight path off a jump, which, ideally, aligns the skis to land flat on the pitch of the landing zone. |
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Term
| What term refers to the collection of important clues and evaluation of student characteristics, such as emotional makeup, expectations, sensory and learning preferences, physical ability and snowsports experience? What do they indicate about the student? |
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Definition
Assess
These clues indicate how the student may receive information and respond to learning. |
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Term
| What's the process of evaluating student characteristics to determine how to structure individualized, effective lessons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe the body position in which the skier is in balance without excessive leaning (laterally, fore or aft) and is aligned over their feet? |
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Definition
Athletic Stance
It is defined by the ability of the person to move in any direction at any time. |
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Term
| *In freestyle skiing, what are the four phases of ATML? |
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Definition
| Approach, Takeoff, Maneuver and Landing |
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Term
| What type of students process information verbally and cognitively? |
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Definition
Auditory Learners
These students enjoy descriptions and talking about their experiences? |
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Term
True or False
The line about which something rotates is called a pivot. |
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Definition
False
It is called an Axis
It is a reference line for human movement |
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Term
| *What is the area called outside area boundaries? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Balance is the state of equilibrium that provides both a source for and an outcome of effective movement. |
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Definition
True
Balance is when a skier's COM and BOS are aligned to counteract the forces generate from the snow. |
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Term
| As referenced in the PSIA early Skills Concept, what term is considered the underlying prerequisite for any action taken on skis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe muscular actions to maintain equilibrium, or the desire alignment, on skis or a snowboard? The movements are usually divided into two categories: 1) actions that affect fore/aft balance and 2) actions that affect lateral balance. |
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Definition
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Term
| A joint in which a knob-like part of one bone fits into a socket of another, allowing rotation as well as flexion and extension is called what? Give an example of this joint. |
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Definition
Ball-And_Socket Joint
The hip and shoulder joints are ball-and-socket joints. |
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Term
| What term is used to describe a form of inclination that describes a relatively straight body leaning toward the inside of a turn? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is used for the bottom surface of skis or snowboards? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe the location of a skier's weight on the snow? |
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Definition
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Term
| A component of the "skier zones" used to categorize general ability level. Skiers in this zone range from "never-ever" to those able to effectively control speed and turn shape on most beginner terrain is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What is the term used to describe the measurement, in degrees, of the amount of material removed from the base and/or edges of the skis to achieve a certain edging characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What is the general name for a trick or maneuver in which the skier gets significant air; or a competition featuring judged aerial maneuvers? |
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Definition
| Big Air. As in "Bra! Did you see Jenny get that big air off that gnarly mole hill?" |
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Term
| What term is used to describe the study of mechanical principles affecting movement of the living body? |
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Definition
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Term
| *Any movement or action that reduces or eliminates movement in a given direction. Skiers typically limit rotation of the upper body using this term with their internal muscles or with an external device, such as a ski pole in the snow. |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe an abrupt pole plan used to stop or control upper body rotation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe an element of movement analysis in which the instructor observes how a student's body movement influences performance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is used to describe the lightweight-yet-strong structure forming the body's skeletal frame, which supports the body, protects vital organs, and provides attachment points for muscles and connective tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe adjustments made to a skier's footbed, cuff and/or boot sole to sieve better body alignment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe the platform on which the foot rests in the boot, the angle of which is higher in the heel than in the forefoot (which aids fore/aft balance and hip position over the foot)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The degree of resistance that a boot provides to movements of the ankle and lower leg is called what? |
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Definition
Boot Flex
Because ski boots are designed to transfer energy to and form the skis, they should support certain movements of the ankle and lower leg but resist others. Proper flex is determine by the skier's weight, ability level and typical skiing speed. |
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Term
| The phrase used to skid or fall as a result of the boot(s) and/or binding(s) dragging in the snow when the skis are tilted on their edges. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the outer casing of the boot, without the liner, which represents the overall size and shape characteristics of the boot called? |
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Definition
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Term
| *A non-snow sliding feature on the mountain, generally with a wide plastic sliding surface and coping on either side; the name comes from the fact that the support for this sliding feature are an enclosed box. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the terms used to describe the slowing down by interrupting the flow of a turn; also the claw-like device of a ski binding that drags in the snow to stop a ski that's been separated from the boot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phrase used to describe a tactical means of speed control, in which the skier increases the size of the wedge and degree of edge angle in order to slow down or stop? |
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Definition
| Braking Wedge, which is better than breaking wind! :) |
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Term
| *What is the term used to lose the mechanical advantage of proportional flexion by our-flexing a join or joints; to over-flex a particular joint, often the hips, as compared to other joins involved in a movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another term used to describe moguls |
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Definition
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Term
| *What is the shape of an unweighted ski when viewed from the side? |
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Definition
Camber Profile
They consist of four broad camber profiles:
Traditional
Rocker (reverse camber)
Hybrid (rocker/flat combinations)
Flat Camber |
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Term
| *What is the wedge-shaped item called that can be placed under a boot or binding to align the boot from side to side? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of making lateral adjustments to skis, snowboard, binding or boots for optimal alignment and effective edging? |
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Definition
Canting
It is typically an exterior addition or subtraction to the equipment. The cuff adjustments that exist on a ski boot are primarily intended for lower leg alignment, not designed for canting purposes. |
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Term
| *What is the design term used whereby the top sheet and sidewall of a ski are formed form the same sheet of material? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What's the teaching model called, the name of which is derived from a three letter acronym by which instructors identify developmental issues related to different age groups? |
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Definition
CAP Model
Cognitive
Affective
Physical |
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Term
| *What are the imaginary boundaries called that divide the body into anatomical sections, representing dynamic planes of motion? |
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Definition
Cardinal Planes
also see Planes of Motion |
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Term
| What are the turns called that have minimal skidding by tipping the skis on edge and allowing the shape of the ski to create a turn with final lateral slipping or skidding. |
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Definition
Carved Turns
They display clean, long arcs in the snow as the entire edge of the ski passes through the same point in the snow. A skidded turn, by contrast, utilizes more muscular rotary movements to cause the ski to turn. |
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Term
| What type of relationships are an element of movement analysis in which the instructor evaluates the origin or an action and the result? |
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Definition
| Case and Effect Relationships |
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Term
| What is the phrase used to describe the point at which the entire mass of the body may be considered to be concentrated? |
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Definition
Center of Mass (COM)
If the body is viewed as made up of many small elements of mass, the average location of these elemental masses is the COM, and the located changes as the body position changes and may even be located outside of the body. |
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Term
| What type of force is outward-pushing force felt by riders while moving in a circular motion (i.e., the arc of a turn)? |
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Definition
Centrifugal Force
However, there is not real outward force actin, and the centrifugal force is therefore known as a fictitious force. |
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Term
| What type of force acts on an object who net direction is toward the center of the circle? |
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Definition
Centripetal Force
In a turn, the lateral force fo the snow pushes against the edged skis or snowboard, parallel to the snow surface, and makes turning possible. |
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Term
| What is the name (phrase) of the component of the Teaching Cycle, in which the instructor determines whether students understand a task, exercise or concept? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the portion of an exercise progression in which skiers build upon the skills learned in stationary (static) and simple exercises by practicing the movement at a non-threatening speed, on comfortable terrain. |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of tension, the muscle actively flexes and the fibers shorten (contract) to overcome opposing forces, and move the joint. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue functions to support, connect or separate bodily tissues and organs; includes tendons and ligaments. |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is used to describe the harmonious functioning of muscles to execute movements? |
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Definition
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Term
| True of False. The torso is the name of the frame of anatomical reference for the body minus the legs and arms. |
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Definition
False
It is called the Core
The major muscles of the core reside in the area of the belly and the mid and lower back (not the shoulders), and peripherally include the hips, should and neck. |
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe the external feedback an instructor delivers to suggest more efficient or effective movements for a specific outcome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to oppose or to go the opposite way? |
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Definition
Counter
There term typically refers to the relationship in which the lower body turns against or opposes the upper body or vice versa, and is especially useful bumps and short-radius turns. |
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe the twisting of the upper body in one direction and the lower body in another direction at the same time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe a means of making a boot more closely match lower leg shape by changing the lateral alignment of the cuff? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What phrase is used to describe providing a service or product in a manner that places great value on customer satisfaction? |
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Definition
Customer Service
It touches all aspects fo rest operations. The instructor is a conduit to the customer's overall enjoyment of the mountain experience. |
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Term
| *What is the term used to describe bending a ski enough that the camber is momentarily gone, as when flexing the ski during a turn? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the colloquial term often used to describe slowing speed or velocity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to perform a task or exercise highlighting particular movement? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Desired Outcomes are the goals of a lesson, which are largely based upon what the student wants to achieve but can also represent an effect of a particular lesson strategy to achieve those goals. |
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Definition
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Term
| *Dulling a portion of the edge near the tip and/or tail of a ski to reduce the amount that edge will hook into and/or out of a turn is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe an element of movement analysis in which the instructor not only observes the duration, intensity, rate and timing of body movements, but also the direction of the movement or action of the skis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the acronym for the elements of movement analysis in which the instructor observes the rate, intensity, timing and duration of a skier's movements? |
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Definition
DIRT
These are quantifying terms that attach a value to the movements observed in a movement analysis process |
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Term
| What is the term used for ankle flexion of the foot upward, toward the shin? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What term is commonly used to mean alpine skiing in general? |
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Definition
Downhill
Considered a speed even in ski racking, downhill involves the largess turn radii and fasted speeds (unless you're Fai or Jenny) of all the racing disciplines. |
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Term
True or False
Uplifting is the term used that describes a quick flexion of the legs that produces a momentary reduction of pressure as the skier's COM falls. |
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Definition
False
The phrase is Down Unweighting. Try it on a scale to how much weight you can "lose". :) |
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Term
| What is a task or exercise used to enforce a desired performance or retain knowledge; or to practice or repeat an exercise called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the length of time a movement occurs (which the instructor observes as a quantifiable element of movement analysis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phrase used to describe balance in motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phrase used to describe a parallel turn with more carving than skidding? |
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Definition
Dynamic Turn
Energy stored in the ski during one turn is released to aid the start fo the next turn. In contrast, a non-dynamic turn relies on more muscular rotary movements to cause the ski to turn. |
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Term
| In this type of tension, the muscle lengthens as a result of exerting less tension or force than the outside force it is working against. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the metal strip inserted between the base and the core on the side of a ski called? |
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Definition
Edge
The edge can be sharpened, allowing the skier to slice through hard snow and ice. |
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe the amount of ski tilt relative to the surface of the snow and to the hill? |
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Definition
Edge Angle
A ski placed flat on the snow has zero degrees of edge angle. The greater the edge angle and the equipment sidecut, the shorter the turn radius. |
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Term
| Tipping the skis relative to the length or longitudinal axis of the skis is called? |
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Definition
Edge Control
Skiers use this skill to increase or decrease the angle of the ski to the snow. Edge control is one of the skills of the PSIA Skills Concept. |
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Term
| What term is used to describe one of the three basic ski skills also known as edge control? |
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Definition
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Term
| Movements that increase or decrease edge angle are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
*True for False
Relevant Edge Length is term used to describe the length of the edge, measure in centimeters, that's in contact with the snow. |
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Definition
False
Effective Edge Length |
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Term
| What is the type of posture called for the body position from which a skier has the greatest amount of movement options? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
*Efficacy is the term used to describe the minimum amount of energy required to accomplish a given task; the expenditure of the required amount of energy to get the maximum performance form the equipment. |
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Definition
False
Efficiency is the term
It is also the ratio of the input energy to the output movement or performance |
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the state of balance between opposing forces? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phase in movement analysis model involving the ability to assess observations and distill complex technical information into simplified, accurate conclusions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the movement of a body part inward, such as the action fo the foot rolling inward called? |
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Definition
Eversion
For example, the foot movement that occurs when a skier tips the outside ski onto its inside edge. Typically, this is associated with foot pronation. |
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe a means of teaching in which the instructor delivers new information progressively, starting with stationary (static) exercises and simple actions and increasing in complexity as the exercise line proceeds? It is also known as a Progression. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the situations and tasks instructors create to break down and isolate certain movements and skills for development? |
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Definition
Exercises
Exercises are often combined into a progression or exercise line. |
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Term
| What term means to make longer; to stretch or open? |
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Definition
Extend
For example, extend a joint |
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Term
| What is the movement called that increases (i.e., opens) the angle (as expressed in degrees) of a joint? |
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Definition
Extension
At times, a skier extends the knee, hip and angle joints simultaneously. |
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Term
| *Muscles that enable extension at a join are called what? |
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Definition
Extensors
For example, the hip muscles act to extend the thigh away from the abdomen, and the trunk muscles cause the spine to arch backward. |
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Term
| *What is a reward given to a student for a good performance called? |
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Definition
Extrinsic Feedback
Undermines intrinsic motivation |
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Term
| What is the phrase used to describe an imaginary line that follows the steepest line of descent, the path along which a ball would roll if released down the slope? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the name of an exercise in which the skier alternately sarges or skids forward and backward on the same set of of edges to move down the hill in an imaginary corridor? |
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Definition
Falling Leaf
So named because the pattern resembles a falling leaf. |
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Term
| What's the name of an exercise line in which the skier performs a movement or skis in progressive steps, with each step being slightly more challenging than the previous one; specifically, one in which the skier starts with a shallow traverse and builds steeper arcs in the fall line. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Element is the term used for any man-made element a skier can ride or jib on, including rails, boxes, jumps, spines, halfpipes, quarterpipes, tables, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phrase used for information instructors give students about their performance? It helps clarify if and/or what action is needed to achieve a desired results; or information instructors receive from students by watching and listening. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Ending Phase is the phrase used to describe the last third of a turn, beginning shortly after the fall line and continuing until the skier achieves the desired direction change. |
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Definition
False
The phrase is Finish Phase |
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Term
| What's it called to bend a limb or joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What the term used to describe any movement that decreases (i.e., closes) the angel (as expressed in degrees) of a joint? |
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Definition
Flexion
Often, this entails bending the spine, knee, hip and ankle joints simultaneously. |
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Term
| *What are the muscles that cause flexion at a joint called? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Loft is the term used to describe the sensation of lightness derived from riding in powder or through the air; or to rise to, or rid on, the surface of the snow. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the inserts for ski boots called that are designed to support eh foot and/or provide a neutral stance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the term used that describes a push non a body and changes its position or speed? |
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Definition
Force. As in "Use the Force, Luke!"
The forces most relevant to skiing are gravity, friction and centripetal force. |
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Term
| What term is used to describe toward the tip of the skis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Measured in degrees, what is the phrase used for the design of a boot that establishes a certain amount of ankle dorsiflexion and limits plantar flexion? |
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Definition
Forward Lean
It is adjustable in some boots. |
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Term
| *A term used for a style of skiing that encompasses tree runs, steeps, bowls, all-mountain natural terrain, powder, and backcountry; riding the entire mountain |
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Definition
Freeride
Also a popular 70s song by Edgar Winter. |
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Term
True or False
Freebird is the term used to describe the style of skiing that encompasses jumping, butters/presses, halfpipes, rails/boxes, spines, tabletops and other natural and man-made terrain features. |
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Definition
False
Freestyle is the term. Freebird was popular 70s song by Lynyrd Skynyrd |
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the resistance to an object sliding across a surface? |
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Definition
Friction
A ski sliding on ice experiences less friction than a ski sliding through wet snow. |
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Term
| What is the anatomical plane called that divides the body into front and back halves, in which lateral movements occur in this plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| An umbrella phrase used for how skiers move. These movements include flexion/extension and rotation; and specific references such as inversion/eversion, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, and adduction/abduction. |
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Definition
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Term
| What the term used to describe a series of linked half turns, in which the skier turns down the fall line, then turns back across the hill in the original direction of travel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which slalom is considered a technical discipline in ski racing in which the cause is set with gates faster apart than slalom, dictating medium-radius turns? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of joint do the bones slide along their smooth surfaces with a limited range of movement? |
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Definition
Gliding Joint
AKA "plane" or "arthroidial" joint. These joints are typically founding wrists and ankles. |
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Term
| What phrase is used to describe a means of developing early ski skills and speed control without turning in which the skier adjusts the width and size of the wedge to get a feel for the slipping action of edged skis over the snow? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What term I used for the purpose, aspiration, intent, outcome or end to be met? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| *What is the term used for grasping and holding the skis (versus a brief touch or slap) during an aerial maneuver? |
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Definition
Grab
The act of grasping and holding on the skis during the maneuver |
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Term
| What is the force acting perpendicular to the Earth's surface and is a primary motive force in snow sports? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another term used for steering? |
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Definition
Guiding
It is using muscular movements to turn edged skis and allows skiers to actively direct the path of the skis while responding to terrain and snow conditions. |
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Term
| What is a terrain park feature that resembles a large pipe with the top half removed called? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of joint contains a convex part of one bone fitting into a concave part of another, allowing motion in only one plane? |
|
Definition
Hinge Joint
Knee and finger joints are examples |
|
|
Term
| *What is a term used to describe a jump, pip air, or rail slide, etc. or means to ride a park feature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe a maneuver in which the skier quickly turns the skis sideways to the direction fo travel and sets the edges, causing the skis to skid rapidly to stop? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| *What is a class comprising students of comparable speed and level called? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What term means to move by leaping or springing from both feet at once? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anatomical plane divides the body into upper and lower halves? |
|
Definition
Horizontal Plane
Rotational movements occur along this plane |
|
|
Term
True or False
Reclination is the term used for any kind of tipping of a body part relative to the slope. |
|
Definition
False
Inclination is the term.
It is the general term for any lateral movement of a skier toward the inside of a turn. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used for the tendency of an object to remain in its current state fo motion (or lace of motion) unless acted upon by external forces sufficient to affect a change? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of the turn is the beginning of the turn or approximately top third of the turn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True for False
Intervention is the term used for a process by which a brain signal stimulates a muscle for action. |
|
Definition
False
Innvervation is the term |
|
|
Term
| What portion of the Teaching Model in which the instructor learns about the student and establishes an open, trusting, learning environment called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the amount of effort or power given to a movement (which the instructor observes as quantifiable element of movement analysis)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What skier zone is a component of of the "skier zone" used to categorize general ability level. Skiers in this zone can perform consistent parallel turns on beginner and easy intermediate terrain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What type of motivation is learning for the join of learning, not for reward, but for the motivation within? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the movement of a body part outward? The action of the foot rolling outward, as in the foot movement that occurs when a skier tips the inside ski onto its outside edge. |
|
Definition
Inversion
This is typically associated with foot supination |
|
|
Term
| What type of muscle tension is with no change in length of the muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What's a playful description for the way skiers jump off and onto all sort of different bumps, stumps, jumps and anything else they can find? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe a point where two or more bones are joined by ligaments and move relative to each other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What type of turn is one in which most of the rotation is accomplished in the air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What the term used for a pile of snow formed to help the skier get into the air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term that refers to forces that act outside the body to create a sensation such as the boot pressing upon the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of learner learns by processing information through feelings and sensations? |
|
Definition
Kinesthetic Learner
(AKA Proprioceptive Learning) |
|
|
Term
| *What's the area of the jump where a skier lands, including the touchdown and runout? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term refers to the directed or proceeding toward the side, away form the midline of an object? |
|
Definition
Lateral
A person who is standing and steps sideways is moving laterally. |
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe the conditions affecting the ability to learn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase is part of the Teaching Model, and is the rapport an instructor forms with the student? |
|
Definition
Learning Partnership
Essential to the success of this relationship is the instructor's understanding of the student's needs and expectations and the student's willingness to actively participate in learning. |
|
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Term
| What is the phrase used to describe movement of the lower body to make the skis turn. |
|
Definition
Leg Rotation
This includes elements of rotation from the femur in the hip socket and lower leg (below the knee) rotation. |
|
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Term
| *What type of plan is used for executing a lesson and includes goals, objectives and activities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term refers to a band of thick, strong fibrous tissue that connects bones and strengthens joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True of False
"Action Line" is the phrase used to describe the line along which a force acts. |
|
Definition
False
Line of Action is the phrase.
When a skier makes a turn, the line of action passes from the inside edge *of the outside ski through the COM |
|
|
Term
| *What type of flex is the change in shape of a ski along its length as a result fo applying differential pressure, permitting flex into reverse camber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term use for then property of a an object that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field? It is the amount of material that an object contains. |
|
Definition
Mass
It is commonly but imprecisely used as a synonym to weight. |
|
|
Term
True of False
Movements is the term used to describe the essential actions of the skis and basic body movements present in all skiing regardless of terrain, snow conditions, pitch of the slope and the speed of descent. |
|
Definition
False
Mechanics is the term. |
|
|
Term
| What term pertains to the middle or nearer the middle of the body as opposed to the "Lateral"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What terms refers to an analogy in which concepts are related to a familiar device or system to facilitate understanding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a series of mounds (or bumps) the naturally form on a run when skiers push the snow into piles as they execute short-radius turns? |
|
Definition
Moguls. As in Jae McMogul
The steeper the slope, the bigger the bumps and deeper the troughs between moguls. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for inertia in motion: defined as an object's mass times its velocity. |
|
Definition
Momentum
Speeding up, slowing down and turning are all changes in momentum. An external force must be involved to change momentum. |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of observing a movement, evaluating the relevance and effect of that movement on other movements and the action of the skis, and prescribing changes for enhanced efficiency, effectiveness and performance? |
|
Definition
Movement Analysis (MA)
A great thing to do from the chair on skiers coming down the mountain, unless they're just "cruising"; then it sucks because they're not trying to ski. :( |
|
|
Term
| What is the term referring to tissue composed of cells that can shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax) to stabilize or move joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What's the national trade association for ski and snowboard area owners and operators? |
|
Definition
National Ski Areas Association (NSAA)
Not to be confused with NASA |
|
|
Term
| *What's the association whose members support and participate in the snow sport and outdoor recreation community by providing educational training and emergency care and rescue services. |
|
Definition
National Ski Patrol (NSP)
Not to be confused with Minnesota's Northern States Power |
|
|
Term
True of False
Relaxed is the term used for a posture in which the alignment of ht body is centered. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Newbie is the term used to describe a student who has never skied before. |
|
Definition
False
Never-Ever is the term |
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe the fundamental laws of physics that describe the relationship between the forces that act on a body and the motion that results? |
|
Definition
Newton's Laws of Motion
1st Law - An object remains at rest or continues to move in a. straight line at a constant speed if there are no unbalanced forces acting on it.
2nd Law - When the forces acting on a body are not balanced, the net force causes the body to accelerate
3rd Law - Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force |
|
|
Term
| What term is used as without prejudice or bias; or a goal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase in movement analysis model is when the instructor identifies body movements and the action fo the skis on the snow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for terrain that is not can. prepared slope called? |
|
Definition
Off Piste
It is also the area outside a resort boundary, such as backcountry or sidecountry. |
|
|
Term
| What is the performance capability achieved by the end fo a teaching-learning segment called? |
|
Definition
Outcome
The actual lesson outcome may or may not be the original goal and may be different for each student. |
|
|
Term
| When considering a turn as part of a circle, what is the name of the ski that is farthest from the center of a circle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term refers to the intensity of a practice period, its duration and the frequency of repeating practice? |
|
Definition
Pace
The speed of something; or to orchestrate the activities that make up a lesson in order to maintain interest while avoiding premature fatigue. |
|
|
Term
| What type of turn is made on corresponding ski edges with simultaneous edge release and engagement? |
|
Definition
Parallel Turn
The skis remain parallel throughout the turn, as opposed to converging or diverging. |
|
|
Term
| *What term refers to inactive, but acting upon? |
|
Definition
Passive
It also means allowed to happen in order to maintain the ski-to-snow interaction. |
|
|
Term
| What is the study of matter, energy, motion and force called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term refers to a slope that is groomed and prepared? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term(s) refer to rotating a ski about an axis perpendicular to the surface of the snow? |
|
Definition
Pivot/Pivoting
I remember having a pivot pool table when I was young. I thought it was cool, which for an eight year old it probably was cool! |
|
|
Term
| What is the maneuver in which a descending skier quickly pivots the skis to slip sideways while continuing to travel in the same direction as before? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase helps describe the direction of body movements and what are these three planes? |
|
Definition
Planes of Motion
Sagital, Frontal and Horizontal |
|
|
Term
| What type of flexion occurs when ankle extension of the foot is downward away from the shin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of plant is a harder, more deliberate snow contact used to stabilize the upper body, manage momentum and control rotation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the active movement of a ski pole called to promote the timing and rhythm of turns? |
|
Definition
Pole Swing
It helps direct the upper body into the next turn. |
|
|
Term
| What phrase refers to the light touch of the pole tip on the snow, which promotes the proper timing and rhythm of turns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What term is used for extending the legs to help create lift off the ground in which the skis leave the ground at once? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term that refers to the way a skier stands, which may be effective or ineffective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term used to describe the repetition of movement patterns or other activities designed to develop or refine a skill. |
|
Definition
Practice
Student focus and instructor guidance and feedback are important parts of effective practice. |
|
|
Term
| What phase in movement analysis model is when the student goals garnered from the observation and evaluation phases determine how to lead the student to a more advanced level. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term used to describe the amount of force distributed over a given area. |
|
Definition
| Pressure. Also a great Queen song. |
|
|
Term
| The phrase used to describe the managing of forces acting on the skis. |
|
Definition
Pressure Control
Skiers manage the distribution of pressure along the length of the skis, transfer pressure form one ski to the other, and adjust the overall magnitude of the forces acting on the skis. |
|
|
Term
| What type of movements are required to manage forces acting on the skis, both along their length and from side-to-side? |
|
Definition
| Pressure-Control Movement |
|
|
Term
| What type of development refers to a systematic approach for increasing knowledge, skills and abilities to become a better skier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe a sequence of acts, movement or events that increase in difficulty and are designed to meet a goal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term used for the movement that consist of dorsiflexion of the ankle and eversion and abduction of the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The association of ski instructors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The PSIA team whose members promote, support and help develop PSIA-AASI education programs and activities at all. levels. They also help train ski instructors throughout the USA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *A type of polyethylene plastic used as base material for skis and snowboards. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term used for driving the skis by extending then flexing the legs while riding on a clean edge. |
|
Definition
Pump
Used to accelerate and add pressure |
|
|
Term
| The angle between the extend axes of the femur and the tibia, measured at mid patella (kneecap). It is large for women than for men. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A feature with the shape of one of the two walls of a halfpipe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What term is used to describe a non-snow feature, usually with a metal or plastic sliding surface called? |
|
Definition
Rail
They come in many sizes and designs and differ from boxes in that they have legs rather than enclosed sides. |
|
|
Term
| What type of turns are when the skier slightly tips both feet to make two clean and parallel tracks in the snow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a natural or manmade jump called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the distance a joint can articulate along the planes of motion called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used for a comparison of a student's performance to the performance that would be optimal for a given task? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the recoil of a decambered ski? |
|
Definition
Rebound
When a skier bends the skis through the turn (i.e., decambering) and then releases the pressure and forces, the skis rebound and create a snappy linkage from turn to turn. |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of rewarding students for appropriate performance called? |
|
Definition
Reinforcement
Recognizing and praising students for reaching their achievements boosts their motivation |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe pulling the legs up under the body or allowing the terrain to push the legs up under the body, which momentarily reduces pressure? |
|
Definition
Retraction
Active retraction is when the body pulls the legs up, while passive retraction is when the terrain pushes the legs up |
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe a ski bowed o bent at its midsection? |
|
Definition
Reverse Camber
It is opposite of camber and refers to bending a ski by pressure exerted on the ski. When a skier tips a moving ski on edge and applies pressure to the ski, the ski will bend into reverse camber and scribe an arc in the snow. |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the shape/design of a ski with reverse camber throughout part of all of the its length? |
|
Definition
Rocker
The three general categories are: tip rocker/early rise, tip and tail rocker and full rocker |
|
|
Term
| *What is a wave-like terrain feature called that is made up of rounded mounds of snow that have been groomed smooth? It is also known as a knoll. |
|
Definition
Roller
As in Bay City Rollers. A Great Brit band from the 70s. |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the circular movement about an axis, including he movement of a limb about its axis? |
|
Definition
Rotation
The spinning of skis about an axis perpendicular to their base |
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe the rotational motion of a body about an axis to maintain equilibrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What skill is turning the skis about the vertical axis fo the body called? |
|
Definition
Rotational Control
Skiers us this skill to affect the direction their skis point. Rotational control is one of the skills of the PSIA Skills Concept |
|
|
Term
| What type of movements increase, limit or decrease the rotation of the skis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which plane is the anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left halves called? |
|
Definition
Sagital Plane
Fore and aft movements occur along this plane |
|
|
Term
| What phase of the turn is the middle third from just before the fall line to just after it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What is the tip of a ski also called? |
|
Definition
Shovel
A true twin tip ski can have a shovel at both ends |
|
|
Term
| What's the name for backcountry terrain accessible by a ski lift? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the hourglass shape of a ski when viewed from above that is typically wider at the tip and tail, and narrower at the waist? |
|
Definition
Sidecut
The characteristic helps a ski turn when the edge is tilted and pressed into the snow. |
|
|
Term
| What's the phrase for the imaginary line matching the curvature of the ski continued around to form a full circle called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Slipslide is the term used to describe the maneuver in which the skier travels in a direction sideways to the length of the ski. |
|
Definition
False
Sideslip is the term. The slipping action can occur straight down the hill or diagonally down the hill, forward or back. |
|
|
Term
| What's the movement in which the skier climbs up or down a slope by standing perpendicular to the fall line and taking small steps with each ski, keeping the skis parallel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the portion of an exercise line (or progression) in which the skier sets in to motion the movements and sensations initially introduced in a stationary exercise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
*True of False
Sinder Base is the phrase for the p-tex base of a ski made by pressing polyethylene pellets into a sheet. |
|
Definition
False
Sintered Base is the phrase
It is different than extruded p-tex base, where the pellets are melted then extruded |
|
|
Term
| *What is the term for moving forward on diverging skis by alternately engaging the edges and flexing/extending the legs |
|
Definition
Skate
It is often combined with poling movements |
|
|
Term
| What type of turn do the edges slip laterally as the ski travels forward; or a turn that is not carved. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the movement of the skis in a curved path characterized by simultaneous sliding of the skis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Ski Stiffness is the phrase used to describe how the ski bends along its length to for an arc |
|
Definition
False
Ski Flex is the term |
|
|
Term
| What is the means of classifying general ability levels based on appropriate terrain and skier proficiency called? |
|
Definition
Skier Zones
When there is no universal system for categorizing skiers, the ATS refers to beginner/novice, intermediate and advanced "skier zones". |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe a learned movement, resulting in proficient movement that is controlled, coordinated and efficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the technical model of American ski instruction called? It is based on the knowledge that three skills - rotational control, edge control and pressure control, are integral to all turns and essential for maintaining balance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe an element of movement analysis in which the instructor observes the action of the skis in relation to the student's desired outcomes and body movements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe a technical discipline in ski racing, where the course is set with gates close together, dictating short-radius turns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the movement of skis across the snow in the direction of the long axis of the skis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the movement of skis across the snow in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of the skis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe the element of movement analysis, in which the instructor may ask students to ski slowly during a particular task to aid observation of the skier's body movements and resulting ski actions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What term is used to describe a code of conduct for freestyle terrain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe turning with a low edge angle and pronounced lower body steering? |
|
Definition
Smear
As in smearing cream cheese on a bagel |
|
|
Term
| *What phrase is used to describe approximate classifications of snow? |
|
Definition
Snow Types
Powder - snow that is light, dry and fluffy
Packed Powder - snow that is pressed together or groomed
Corn - pellet-sized snow particles that have formed through repetitive thawing, refreezing and recrystallization
Crud - settling snow that is cut up by skiers and riders
Wind-Crust - snow with wind-compacted top layer
Cement - uncompacted, heavy snow with a high moisture content
Ice - snow that has become very dense, hard |
|
|
Term
| *What term is used to describe rotating on an upright or corked axis without flipping or inviting; or the maneuver resulting from rotation about an axis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe a series of small bones called vertebrae, along a person's dorsal side, which support much of the body's structure; is flexible to allow movement and protects the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
Spine
It is also a park feature that's generally built with steep takeoff ramp and a groomed transition onto left, right and back of the feature; the top of a spine is generally very narrow. |
|
|
Term
| *What's the process of separating a group of students into smaller, more homogeneous classes due to their ability levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe how a skier stands on skis? |
|
Definition
Stance
One of the basic indicators of performance at all levels of skiing, stance affects the application and blending of skills. The "stacking" of body segments is often observed from the side. |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the portion of an exercise line (or progression) in which the instructor introduces a goal or sensation at its most basic level? |
|
Definition
Stationary
While the skier is standing still, with or without skis. But why would anybody not want to be in skis. We ski. That is what we do! |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe using muscular movements to turn edged skis? |
|
Definition
Steering
It allows skiers to actively direct the path of the skis while responding to terrain and show conditions. |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe a turn in which the skier uses the downhill ski as a platform and steps the uphill ski into a parallel or converging position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe the act of sliding in the fall line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe a teaching style that addresses the student's needs, desires, expectations, preferred learning styles and reactions to the learning process? |
|
Definition
| Student-Centered Teaching |
|
|
Term
| What phrase is used to describe part of the Teaching Model, this phrase represents the "non-technical" factors each student brings to the learning environment, including personal characteristics and background, motivation, emotional states, beliefs and values, and physical health. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Power-G is the term used to describe what is considered a speed event in ski racing where the course is set more open than for giant slalom and speeds are much greater. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe movement that consists of plantar flexion of the ankle, and inversion and adduction of the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe the strategic choices a skier makes to achieve a goal? |
|
Definition
Tactics
Decisions are based on intent, knowledge, and level of performance within the context of the skiing environment. |
|
|
Term
| What's the back fo the ski called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe a component of ski design that influences how skis finish a turn? |
|
Definition
Tail Shape
The three primary categories of tail shape are flat, upturned and twin tip. |
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe the amount that the tail of a ski is narrower than the tip? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe a progressively higher curve as the sidecut nears the tail of a ski? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe an assigned activity that focuses on specific instructions, goals, movements or skills? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the portion of the Teaching Model in which the instructor learns about the student and establishes an open, trusting, learning environment. Also known as Instructor Behavior. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the model of the American Teaching System that consists fo Student Makeup Instructor Behavior, which together, form the Learning Partnership? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What's the term used to describe pertaining to the details; in the manual peculiar to or characteristic of alpine skiing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe how skiers move, or the methods skiers use to apply the mechanics of skiing? |
|
Definition
Technique
Different techniques provide movement options for how skiers affect or react to the action of the skis on the snow. |
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe the tissue that joins a muscle to the bone, upon which the muscle acts and creates movement of joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the area called that has a concentration of manmade terrain features? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the phrase used to describe a component of ski design, which influences how skis perform in the snow? |
|
Definition
Tip Shape
The three primary categories of tip shape are performance, all-mountain and powder. |
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe the amount of effort it takes to twist the ski along its length? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *What's the phrase used to describe the difference in edge angle between different parts of the ski; or the amount of twist present in the ski? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe a process of linking turns that being during the finish phase of a turn and continues into the initiation phase? |
|
Definition
Transition
It begins as the skier decreases edge angles in preparation for an upcoming turn and ends as new edges are engaged. Also the curved part of the half pipe. |
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe moving across a slope while balancing on both uphill edges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
*True or False
Bomb is the term used to describe a crouched posture that minimizes air/wind resistance; the skiers' back is relatively parallel to the skis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the term used to describe a curved path of descent or change in the direction of travel? |
|
Definition
Turn
It is also the rotational action of the skis relative to the surface of the snow, as a result of the muscular effort to change the direction the skis point. |
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Term
| What's the term used to describe one of the three basic ski skills as defined by an early version of the Skills Concept (circa 1977)? |
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Definition
Turning
Now known as rotational control |
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe the size of a turn? |
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Definition
Turn Radius
The sidecut of a ski can influence turn radius. |
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe the shape skis leave in the snow during a turn? |
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Definition
Turn Shape
Turns might take a variety of shapes such as C, S, J or Z |
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Term
| *What's the term used to describe making a small variation in movement? It is used primarily for adding style to the maneuvers in the air. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Unweighting Upward is the phrase used to describe a quick extension of the legs that produces a momentary reduction in pressure when the skier's COM slows or reaches the top of its movement? |
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Definition
False
Up Unweighting is the phrase |
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Term
| What's the term used to describe reducing pressure on part or all of a ski or both skis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe the movement in which the upper body turns first, followed by the legs turning in the same direction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe the location from which an instructor views a skier? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the term used to describe a quantity with both magnitude and direction? |
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Definition
Vector
Not "Victor", which is my co-worker's name. Victor is a really great, and smart guy. You should meet him! :) |
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Term
| What's the term used to describe a vector measurement of motion describing the rate of change of an object's position, including both speed and direction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of learners receive and store information best through visual input such as pictures, images and demonstrations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the narrowest part of the ski, located under the foot, called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe the width of the ski at is narrowest point underfoot, which influences edging characteristics and optimum turn radius? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What's the term used to describe the transition and vertical parts of a halfpipe or quarterpipe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the term used to describe a position in which the the skis converge to the tips are closer together than the tails and the skis are on opposing edges? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe a basic turn in which the skier starts in a wedge and, during the shaping phase of the turn, actively steers the inside ski to bring the skis into a parallel position? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the term used to describe the portion of an exercise line (or progression) in which the skier applies to free skiing the skills learned and practiced in stationary, simple and complex phases of the progression? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the phrase used to describe an element of movement analysis, in which the instructor chooses to observe the skier's whole body or focus on the movements of specific body parts or isolated ski actions? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What's the name of the code developed by the National Ski Areas Association, which sets forth the responsibility of each participant for safe conduct on the slopes and lifts? |
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Definition
Your Responsibility Code
The code comprises seven points of safe conduct with the message to always be safety conscious. |
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Term
| What's the phrase used to also describe the footboard angle? |
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Definition
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