Term
|
Definition
| function of the spleen that destroys worn-out RBCs and releases their hemoglobin for reuse |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA swollen glands, an inflammation of the lymph nodes |
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Term
|
Definition
| disease process affecting lymph node or nodes |
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Term
|
Definition
| a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
| a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response |
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Term
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Definition
| WBCs that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the T cells, direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of WBC that surrounds and kills invading cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA autoimmune disease, any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues |
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Term
| immunodeficiency disorder |
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Definition
| occurs when the immune response is compromised |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency disorder |
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Definition
| (HIV) a blood-borne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life threatening opportunistic infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans |
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Term
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
| the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response |
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Term
|
Definition
| a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| a medication that kills or damages cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a microorganism that causes a disease in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| one-celled microscopic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, and is transmitted through a cut or wound |
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Term
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Definition
| a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, tick and mites |
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Term
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Definition
| spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that form a chain |
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Term
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Definition
| plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism |
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Term
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Definition
| parasite that is most commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA shingles, an acute viral infection that characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA mono, caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA German measles or 3-day measles, a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Chickenpox, caused by the herpes virus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious |
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Term
|
Definition
| (CMV) a member of the herpesvirus family that causes a variety of diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| medications that are capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial mocroorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another |
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Term
|
Definition
| new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| a general term applied to malignancies affection lymphoid tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
| breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct |
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Term
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
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Definition
| AKA invasive ductal carcinoma, starts in the milk duct, breaks thru the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA anaphylactic shock, a severe response to an allergen |
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Term
|
Definition
| disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes that is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito |
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Term
|
Definition
| medication capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi |
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Term
|
Definition
| process by which cancer spreads from one place to another |
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Term
|
Definition
| new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee |
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Term
|
Definition
| a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue |
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Term
| antigen-antibody reaction |
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Definition
| AKA immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| the cavity located between the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA ENT, a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck |
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Term
|
Definition
| the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by (1) a decrease in the total number of alveoli, (2) the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and (3) the progressive destruction of the walls of the remaining alveoli |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing |
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Term
|
Definition
| a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
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Term
|
Definition
| an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough |
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Term
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Definition
| now largely prevented through immunization, an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA nose-bleed, bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA whooping cough, a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, and a noisy inspiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the sinuses |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA sore throat, an inflammation of the pharynx |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA pleuritis, an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath |
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Term
|
Definition
| pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements |
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Term
|
Definition
| the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse |
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
| a collection of pus within a body cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| (TB) an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by coal dust in the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos |
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Term
|
Definition
| a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus |
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Term
|
Definition
| the absence of spontaneous respiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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Definition
| pattern of alternation periods of hypopnea and apnea followed by hyperpnea |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA shortness of breath, difficult or labored breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest |
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Term
|
Definition
| shallow or slow respiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA suffocation, any interruption of normal breath resulting in asphyxia |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| the visual examination of the bronchi suing a bronchoscope |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA sleep apnea study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA cough medicine, administered to prevent or relieve coughing |
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Term
|
Definition
| a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA atomizer, pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
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Term
|
Definition
| the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
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Term
|
Definition
| the surgical removal of the larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| the surgical repair of the pharynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions |
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Term
|
Definition
| usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage |
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Term
|
Definition
| the surgical removal of part of the pleura |
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Term
|
Definition
| the surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
| a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction |
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Term
|
Definition
| the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA canker sores or mouth ulcers, grey-white pits with red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA cheilitis, a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA cold sores or fever blisters, blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA dry mouth, diminished secretions by the salivary glands |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
|
Definition
| AKA GERD, the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
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Term
|
Definition
| an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance |
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Term
|
Definition
| an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS |
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Term
|
Definition
| an excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the condition of weighing two or three times, or more, than the ideal weigh or having a BMI greated than 39 |
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Term
|
Definition
| the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, a common cause of gas in the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA indigestion, is pain or discomfort in digestion |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA vomiting, the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
| the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens |
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Term
|
Definition
| the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation |
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Term
|
Definition
| (CD) a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes and obstruction |
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Term
|
Definition
| the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA amebiasis, is transmitted by food or water that is contaminated due to poor sanitary conditions |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA food poisoning, a rare, but very serious, condition transmitted through contaminated food or an infected wound |
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Term
|
Definition
| transmitted through contact with contaminated food or water |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA salmonella, is transmitted by food that is contaminated by feces |
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Term
|
Definition
| the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the liver |
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Term
|
Definition
| a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
| a progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| an acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrants of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile |
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Term
|
Definition
| the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
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Term
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
Definition
| an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA fecal occult blood test, a lab test for hidden blood in the stools |
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Term
|
Definition
| the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
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Term
|
Definition
| the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
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Term
|
Definition
| a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
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Term
|
Definition
| a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach, and the duodenum |
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Term
|
Definition
| a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures |
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Term
|
Definition
| the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ |
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Term
|
Definition
| an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
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Term
|
Definition
| the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
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|
