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| A word that describes a verb, often ending in -ly |
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| Adjectives: Third Degree of Comparison |
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Definition
| Relative values of adjectives. For example, good, better, best. Small, smaller, smallest. |
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| Adjective that give the highest quality or degree, often ending in -est, e.g. greatest, longest, most popular |
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| A word that describes a noun. Blue, striped, tired. |
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| First Person Plural Possessive Pronouns |
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| Dangling Modifier- Sentence Errors |
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| A modifier without a subject. Rummaging in her giant handbag, the sunglasses escaped detection. |
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| Parallelism- Sentence Errors |
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Definition
| Lists in the same structure. I like hiking, biking, and running. An error: I like hiking, biking, and to run. |
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| An action word. Be, run, sing, have |
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| A verb functioning as an adjective. Working woman, burned toast. |
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| Verb functioning as an adjective ending with -ing (flowering shrub) |
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| Verbs: Tenses: Past Perfect |
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| Verb that shows something had already happened at some point in the past. Uses the word "had." (I had studied when I took the quiz.) |
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| Verbs: Tenses: Future Perfect |
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| Verb that shows something will have already happened at some point in the future. Uses the words "will have." (I will have graduated by then.) |
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| Verbs: Tenses: Future Perfect Progressive |
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| A continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. Uses "will have been" with a present participle (-ing). (I will have been teaching seven years by next May.) |
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| Business Letters: Complimentary Close |
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| Seemingly contradictory statement that is true (student teacher, jumbo shrimp, act naturally) |
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| A phrase not taken literally (kick the bucket = die, break a leg = good luck) |
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| An expression that can be understood two different ways, one of which can refers to sex (Panda mating fails: veterinarian takes over, or Miners refuse to work after death) |
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| The main character of a story |
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| A brief statement of the main points of something |
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| man v. man, man v. nature, man v. society, man v. self |
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| A book about a person written by that person |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Texas |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Hawaii |
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Definition
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Maine |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Maryland |
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| Greek author who wrote fables. Lived 620-564 BC. |
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| American author of children's books. Lived 1947-2013. Wrote Junie B. Jones books. |
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| American author born 1916. Wrote the Ramona books. |
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| Authors: Madaline L'Engle |
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Definition
| American writer of young adult fiction. 1916-2007. Wrote A Wrinkle in Time books. |
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Definition
| American writer 1871-1900. Wrote in the realist, naturalist, and impressionist styles. Most famous work: Red Badge of Courage. |
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| 19th century Gilded Age American author 1832-1899. Many rags-to-riches stories. Almost 100 books. Homosexual. |
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| Authors: Marjorie Rawling |
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Definition
| Rural American author from Florida 1896-1953. Most famous work: The Yearling, a young adult book about an orphaned fawn. |
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| Shakespeare's wife, born 1556. They had two sons and a daughter. She was 8 years older than he and outlived him by 7 years. |
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| Authors: Louisa May Alcott |
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Definition
| American author 1832-1888. Wrote Little Women. She was an abolitionist and a feminist, raised by transcendentalist parents. |
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| English author 1775-1817. Wrote romantic fiction set among the landed gentry. Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Sense and Sensibility. |
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| American author born 1948. Wrote The Outsiders at 17. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Becky Thatcher |
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Definition
| Character from Tom Sawyer. Becky is Tom's love interest with long blond braids. They kiss on the lips to seal their engagement. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Cyclops |
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Definition
| A character from Greek and Roman myths. They are a race of giants with one eye in the middle of their forehead. In the Odyssey, Odysseus blinds a cyclops. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Huckleberry Finn |
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Definition
| Character in Mark Twain's book Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He is a friend of Tom's. His father is the town drunk. Huck is an "innocent" who can see the "right" thing. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Pandora |
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Definition
| In Greek mythology, the first human woman who is given a box with all the world's evil in it. She is told not to open the box but does anyway, releasing evil into the world. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Phileas Fogg |
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Definition
| Main character in Jules Vernes' 1873 novel Around the World in 80 days. He tries to circle the world in 80 days to win a bet. He is followed by a detective, Fix, and marries an Indian princess. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Phoenix |
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Definition
| In Greek mythology, a long-lived bird that, when it dies, bursts into flame and is reborn from the ashes. A symbol of early Christianity. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: The Widow Douglas |
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Definition
| Character in Huck Finn. Injun Joe is planning to kill her as revenge for her husband flogging him. Huck overhears and tells the widow. She takes him in in gratitude. Huck does not like living with her. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Tom Sawyer |
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Definition
| Character from Mark Twain's books. Friend of Huck Finn. Infatuated with Becky Thatcher. Famous for making others paint his fence. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Tybalt |
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Definition
| Character from Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's cousin. Kills Mercutio, then is killed by Romeo. Leads to Romeo's banishment from Verona. |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Tilbert |
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Definition
| a science fiction mystery set in the rural post-apocalyptic future. He is a lonely wanderer on a seemingly endless mission... |
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Term
| Literary Characters and Places: Moby Dick |
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Definition
| Title character in Moby Dick, he is the white whale that Ahab is hunting. Possibly a metaphor for God, Moby Dick is unknowable and mostly invisible. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Anne Hathaway |
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Definition
| Shakespeare's wife, born 1556. They had two sons and a daughter. She was 8 years older than he and outlived him by 7 years. |
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Term
| Literary Works: Harry Potter |
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Definition
| Written by J.K. Rowling, 7-book young adult series about a wizard named Harry Potter, his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and his arch-enemy Voldemort. |
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Term
| Literary Works: The Color Purple |
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Definition
| 1983 Pulitzer Prize winner by Alice Walker. Takes place in rural Georgia and focuses on black women in the 1930s. |
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Term
| Literary Works: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde |
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Definition
| Book by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886 . There are two personalities in Dr. Jekyll: the good doctor and the evil Mr. Hyde. Jekyll eventually permanently becomes Mr. Hyde. |
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Term
| Literary Works: Robinson Crusoe |
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Definition
| A novel by Daniel Defoe 1719. It is a fictional autobiography of a castaway on a tropical island. He is rescued after 28 years. |
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Term
| Literary Works: The Last of the Mohicans |
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Definition
| 1757 novel by James Fenmore Cooper. Tells the story of the French and Indian war between the British and English, who both relied on Native American allies. |
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Term
| Literary Works: The Diary of Anne Frank |
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Definition
| A journal written by a 13-year-old Jewish girl who hid from the Nazis in Amsterdam, Holland. She and her family were found and sent to concentration camps, where Anne died of typhoid. |
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Term
| Literary Works: Cheaper By The Dozen |
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Definition
| Novel by Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, who tell the story of their parents, Frank and Lillian, and their 12 children. Frank and Lillian were efficiency experts. |
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Term
| Literary Works: Adventures of Tom Sawyer |
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Definition
| Book (1876) by Mark Twain about Tom Sawyer, an orphan living with his Aunt Polly and half brother. He is adventurous but also difficult for Aunt Polly to manage. |
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Term
| Literary Works: The Tortoise and the Hare |
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Definition
| One of Aesop's fables about a tortoise and hare that have a race. The hare is so confident he will win that he takes a nap, only to lose to the "slow and steady" tortoise. |
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Term
| Mythological Characters: Bacchus |
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Definition
| Also: Dionysus. Greek and Roman god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility. Son of Zeus and the mortal Semele. |
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Term
| Mythological Characters: Diana |
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Definition
| The Roman goddess of nature, fertility and childbirth. She is closely identified with the Greek goddess Artemis. Diana is also a moon-goddess . |
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| Mythological Characters: Juno |
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Definition
| an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister (but also the wife) of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Associated with Hera. |
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| Mythological Characters: Jupiter |
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Definition
| Roman head god. He is a god of light and sky, and protector of the state and its laws. Associated with Zeus. |
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Term
| Mythological Characters: Mercury |
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Definition
| Mercury is the son of Jupiter and Maia, one of the Pleiades. Mercury is comparable to the Greek god Hermes; both are considered messengers of the gods. Naturally, Mercury/Hermes is thought to be very swift--this is proven by his winged sandals in drawings. |
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| Mythological Characters: Minerva |
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Definition
| Minerva was the Roman goddess equated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the virgin goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic. |
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Term
| Mythological Characters: Titans |
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Definition
| Early gods, children of the earth (Gaia) and sky (Uranus). hey were giants of incredible strength and were also the first pantheon of Greek gods and goddesses. They were overthrown by a younger group, including Zeus and his siblings. |
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Definition
| A letter that, in a particular word, does not correspond to any sound in the word's pronunciation- aisle, team, spread, boat |
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Term
| Spelling: Possessive Plural |
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Definition
Most plural nouns already end in s. To create their possessive, simply add an apostrophe after the s:
•The Pepins' house is the big blue one on the corner.
•The lions' usual source of water has dried up. |
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Term
| Spelling: Irregular Plurals |
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Definition
With nouns whose plurals are irregular (see Plurals), however, you will need to add an apostrophe followed by an s to create the possessive form.
•She plans on opening a women's clothing boutique.
•Children's programming is not a high priority.
•The geese's food supply was endangered. |
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Term
| Rules: Three Letter Words |
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Definition
| is the observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as I, at, he, if, of, or, etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters. In particular, content words containing fewer than three phonemes may be augmented with letters which are phonetically redundant, such as ebb, add, egg, inn, bee, awe, buy, owe, etc |
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Definition
| a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling. The words may be spelled the same, such as rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such as carat, caret, and carrot, or to, two, and too. Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms. Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs |
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| Vocabulary: Abbreviations- i.e. |
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Definition
| Latin abbreviation for "that is." id est. Used to clarify. |
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Term
| Vocabulary: Abbreviations- e.g. |
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Definition
| Latin abbreviation for "for example." exempli gratia. Used to give examples. |
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Definition
| Music composition in which a short melody is repeated and interwoven by different instruments or voices. |
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Definition
| Brass instrument used in marching bands. Related to the tuba. |
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Definition
| Portable wind instrument having a large bellows for forcing air through small metal reeds, a keyboard for the right hand, and buttons for sounding single bass notes or chords for the left hand. |
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| Boys in blue, Yankees, Billy Yank |
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Definition
| If one shape can become another using Turns, Flips and/or Slides, then the shapes are Congruent |
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Term
| Terms: Non-Collinear Points |
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Definition
| points which do not lie on the same line |
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Definition
| has a square base, a congruent square top and the sides are parallelograms. For example, a pizza box |
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Definition
| perfectly round geometrical and circular object in three-dimensional space that resembles the shape of a completely round ball |
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Definition
| is the result of division. For example, when dividing 6 by 3, the quotient is 2 |
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Definition
| the sum of the values divided by the number of values, the average |
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Definition
| place the numbers you are given in value order and find the middle number |
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Definition
| The value that appears most often in a set of data |
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Definition
Reciprocal
It is simply: 1/number
Example the reciprocal of 8 is 1/8 |
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Term
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Definition
| The number π is a mathematical constant, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. It has been represented by the Greek letter "π" |
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| Terms: Greatest Common Factor |
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Definition
The highest number that divides exactly into two or more numbers
Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 ...
... because 2 × 6 = 12, or 4 × 3 = 12, or 1 × 12 = 12. |
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Term
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Definition
| For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16. 4 raised to the 2nd power is 16. |
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Definition
says how many times to use the number in a multiplication.
In 8 raised to the power of 2 the "2" says to use 8 twice in a multiplication
so 8 raised to the power of 2 = 8 × 8 = 64 |
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Definition
| A layer of gases surrounding a planet that is held in place by gravity. |
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Definition
the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust
Some are semi-precious gemstones, used in jewelry making. |
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Definition
| Widely used substance known as talcum powder. Occurs in fibrous masses, and in rarely crystal form.It is the softest known mineral and listed as 1 on the Mohs hardness scale as such. |
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Definition
carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate.
It has a defining Mohs hardness of 3. |
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Term
| Rock Types and Layers: Quartzite |
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Definition
| A hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone |
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Term
| Rock Types and Layers: Marble |
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Definition
| Non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Commonly used for sculpture and as a building material |
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Term
| Rock Types and Layers: Gneiss |
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Definition
| Common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. It is often foliated (composed of layers of sheet-like planar structures). The foliations are characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands, called "gneissic banding". |
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| Rock Types and Layers: Slate |
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Definition
| fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. Used in roofing tiles and chalkboards. |
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Term
| Rock Types and Layers: Schist |
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Definition
| medium-grade metamorphic rock[1] with medium to large, flat, sheet-like grains in a preferred orientation (nearby grains are roughly parallel |
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| Rock Types and Layers: Phyllite |
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Definition
| a type of foliated metamorphic rock created from slate that is further metamorphosed so that very fine grained white mica achieves a preferred orientation |
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Term
| Rock Types and Layers: Sedimentary |
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Definition
| types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water |
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| Rock Types and Layers: Serpentine |
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Definition
| a dark green mineral consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate, sometimes mottled or spotted like a snake's skin |
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| Rock Types and Layers: Shale |
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Definition
| a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. |
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| Rock Types and Layers: Limestone |
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Definition
| A sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Most is composed of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera. |
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| Rock Types and Layers: Granite |
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Definition
| A common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock which is granular and phaneritic in texture |
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Definition
| The lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapour and aerosols |
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Definition
| A division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight. They result from the yearly orbit of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis relative to the plane of the orbit |
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Definition
| The temperature at which the water vapor in a sample of air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates. |
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| Weather: Barometric Pressure |
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Definition
| The force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet). |
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Term
| Weather: Relative Humidity |
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Definition
| The ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the same temperature. Humans are sensitive to humidity because the human body uses evaporative cooling, enabled by perspiration, as the primary mechanism to rid itself of waste heat. Perspiration evaporates from the skin more slowly under humid conditions than under arid conditions. |
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Definition
| The change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. |
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Definition
| Known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake. Caused by: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts, etc. |
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| Weather: Weather Prediction |
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Definition
| The application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a given location |
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Definition
| mountains that form mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust |
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Definition
| (to break up, like a bone fracture) When the sunlight breaks into prisms of color after rain- forming a rainbow |
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Definition
| (Northern Lights) occur when highly charged electrons from the solar wind interact with elements in the earth's atmosphere |
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Definition
| are fast flowing, narrow air currents found in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth |
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Definition
| traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, also describes seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea |
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Definition
| a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions |
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Definition
| A naturally occurring substance that is solid and inorganic representable by a chemical formula, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock. |
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Term
| Terms: Atmospheric Oxygen |
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Definition
| Geologists trace the rise of atmospheric oxygen by looking for oxidation products in ancient rock formations |
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Definition
| is an active volcano in Francisco León, north-western Chiapas, Mexico, lest eruption in 1982 |
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Definition
| an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador. It is the most active volcano in Ecuador, having erupted three times in recorded history |
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Definition
| a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the matter of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy) |
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Definition
| an optical and meteorological phenomenon that is caused by both reflection and refraction of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the sun |
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Definition
| The region of the upper atmosphere, from about 53 mi to 370 mi altitude, and includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. It is distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation |
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Definition
| a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a colorless and odorless diatomic gas. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in our galaxy and the Solar System |
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Definition
| is a bend in a sinuous watercourse or river. It forms when moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks and widens its valley, and the inner part of the river has less energy and deposits silt |
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Definition
| A scientific theory that a supercontinent existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It formed approximately 300 million years ago and then began to break apart after about 100 million years |
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| Terms: Teutonic Plate Boundaries |
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Definition
| A massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plate size can vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the largest. Plate thickness also varies greatly, ranging from less than 15 km for young oceanic lithosphere to about 200 km or more for ancient continental lithosphere |
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Definition
| a barrier that impounds water or underground streams |
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Definition
| is an astronomical event that occurs twice each year as the Sun reaches its highest or lowest excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. The solstices, together with the equinoxes, are connected with the seasons |
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Term
| Terms: Conic Map Projection |
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Definition
| a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of locations on the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into locations on a plane |
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Term
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Definition
| the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains |
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Definition
| is a unit of mass used in the imperial, United States customary |
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Definition
a unit of mass, and as a unit of volume. It can also be used as a measure of energy, for truck classification
In the United States and formerly Canada a ton is defined to be 2,000 pounds |
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Term
| Measurement: Metric Measurements |
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Definition
The metric system is a system of measuring. It has three main units:
m the meter for length
kg the kilogram for mass
s the second for time |
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Definition
An Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.
-laws of levers and pulleys
-the center of gravity.
-calculated pi
-proved the formulas for the volume and surface area of a sphere
-showed how exponents could be used to write bigger numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| an English physicist and mathematician (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution,formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation |
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Term
| People: Agustin-Jean Fresnel |
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Definition
| was a French engineer and physicist who contributed significantly to the establishment of the theory of wave optics |
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Term
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Definition
| a French naval officer, explorer, conservationist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water |
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Term
| Scientific Fields: Entomology |
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Definition
| the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology |
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Term
| Scientific Fields: Geology |
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Definition
| the science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change |
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Term
| Scientific Fields: Meteorology |
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Definition
| scientific study of the atmosphere |
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Term
| Scientific Fields: Agronomy |
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Definition
| the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fibre, and land reclamation |
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Term
| Scientific Fields: Audiology |
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Definition
| a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Conduction |
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Definition
| The transfer of energy, such as heat or an electric charge, through a substance |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Duodecimal System |
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Definition
| known as base-12 or dozenal, is a positional notation numeral system using twelve as its base |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Fathom |
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Definition
| unit of length equal to six feet |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Acid, Base, Neutral |
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Definition
| The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Convex Lenses |
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Definition
| curved or bowed outward like the outside of a bowl or sphere or circle |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Fiber Optics |
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Definition
| A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Endothermic |
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Definition
| a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Acceleration |
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Definition
| is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes over time. An object's acceleration is the net result of any and all forces acting on the object, as described by Newton's Second Law. For example, when a car starts from a standstill (zero relative velocity) and travels in a straight line at increasing speeds, it is accelerating in the direction of travel. If the car turns there is an acceleration toward the new direction. |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Gears |
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Definition
| a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most cases with teeth on the one gear being of identical shape, and often also with that shape on the other gear |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Compound Machines |
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Definition
| combinations of two or more elements |
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Term
| Scientific Method Terms: Food Allergies |
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Definition
| an exaggerated immune response triggered by eggs, peanuts, milk, or some other specific food |
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Term
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Definition
| breathe through their gills. As filter feeders, bivalves gather food through their gills |
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Term
| Animals: Open Circulatory System |
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Definition
| a system in which a fluid in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid |
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Term
| Animals: Closed Circulatory System |
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Definition
| meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels. In contrast, oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter interstitial fluid, which carries oxygen and nutrients to the target cells, and carbon dioxide and wastes in the opposite direction |
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Term
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Definition
| are an evolutionary grade of animals, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, lizards, and tuatara, as well as many extinct groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood |
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Term
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Definition
| Openings through the nuclear envelope, allow for passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny particle that is present in large numbers in all living cells and serves as the site of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
derived from the Greek words lysis, meaning "to loosen", and soma, "body"
is a membrane-bound cell organelle found in animal cells (they are absent in red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of an animal's body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of its body |
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Term
| Humans: Organ Transplants |
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Definition
| moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the patient's own body, for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or absent organ |
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Term
| Humans: Organic Compounds |
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Definition
| is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| is a small organ where bile is stored, before it is released into the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
anvil - (also called the incus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup.
stirrup - (also called the stapes) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body
hammer - (also called the malleus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil. |
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Term
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Definition
| An iodine-containing hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases the rate of cell metabolism and regulates growth. can also be made synthetically for treatment of hypothyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as somatotropin or somatropin, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part inside your mouth where the passages of the nose connect to your mouth and throat |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of your throat that contains the vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
| a long tube in your neck and chest that carries air into and out of your lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| a small air-containing compartment of the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and from which respiratory gases are exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that is released in the body of a person who is feeling a strong emotion (such as excitement, fear, or anger) and that causes the heart to beat faster |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that is made by the parathyroid glands and is critical to maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance |
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Term
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Definition
Renal capsule - a thin, outer membrane that helps protect the kidney
•Cortex - lightly colored outer region
•Medulla - a darker, reddish-brown, inner region
•Renal pelvis - a flat funnel-shaped cavity that collects the urine into the ureters |
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Term
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Definition
| is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin lympha meaning water)) directionally towards the heart |
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Term
| Humans: Air Passing to Lungs |
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Definition
| Air that we breathe enters the nose, flows through the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) and enters the trachea (windpipe). The trachea eventually divides into two parts called bronchi. The right main bronchus supplies the right lung; the left main bronchus supplies the left lung. These bronchi then go on to divide into smaller bronchi and eventually, the bronchi become known as bronchioles – the smallest air tubes in the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
facilitates the sensation of taste
Type 1, sweet
Type 2, bitter |
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Term
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Definition
| of a tree or shrub shedding its leaves annually |
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Term
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Definition
| the tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. |
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Term
| Plants: Major Vegetative Parts |
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Definition
| include leaves, roots, leaf buds, and stems |
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Term
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Definition
| a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities |
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Term
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Definition
| MONOCOTS Embryo with single cotyledon, Pollen with single furrow or pore DICOTS Embryo with two cotyledons, Pollen with three furrows or pores |
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Term
| People: Schleiden and Schwann |
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Definition
| Co-founded cell theory, which explains the properties of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| any of more than 15,000 species of clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and other members of the phylum Mollusca characterized by a shell that is divided from front to back into left and right valves |
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Term
| Terms: Endangered Species |
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Definition
| one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as likely to become extinct, 3079 animals and 2655 plants are endangered worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition of DNA into a genetic sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| a flexible, mobile, elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
| the gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. It is a key mechanism of evolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal living in the wild but descended from domesticated individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| predominantly blood suckers that feed on blood from vertebrate and invertebrate animals, most live in freshwater |
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Term
| Terms: Dehydration Synthesis |
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Definition
| To bond two molecules together while removing water. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances, iron rusting (iron oxide forms) |
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Term
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Definition
| rearranges molecules but doesn't affect their internal structures, •whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new substance is produced) |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite |
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Term
| Periodic Table: Left Side |
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Definition
| Metals- generally solid at room temp., good conductors, shiny, malleable, ductile |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft and malleable heavy and post-transition metal |
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Term
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Definition
| gas giant planets- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune |
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Term
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Definition
| sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. gas giant |
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Term
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Definition
| seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. Similar in composition to Neptune. gas giant |
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Term
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Definition
| the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Among the gaseous planets in the Solar System, Neptune is the most dense, gas giant |
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Term
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Definition
| fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with mass one-thousandth of that of the Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant |
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Term
| Solar System: Red Star Shift |
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Definition
| A star or galaxy moving away from us will look more red than it should |
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Term
| Solar System: Blue Star Shift |
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Definition
| An object, like a star or a galaxy that is far away and moving toward us, will look more blue than it normally does. |
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Term
| Solar System: Maxwell Gap |
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Definition
| A region within Saturn's rings. Named after the founder. |
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Term
| Solar System: Atmospheres: Venus |
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Definition
| the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets, consisting of more than 96% carbon dioxide |
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Term
| Solar System: Atmospheres: Earth |
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Definition
| It is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, with trace amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gaseous molecules |
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Term
| Solar System: Atmospheres: Mars |
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Definition
| consists of about 96% carbon dioxide, 1.93% argon and 1.89% nitrogen along with traces of oxygen and water |
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Term
| Solar System: Atmospheres: Jupiter |
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Definition
| has the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System, spanning over (3,107 mi) in altitude. As Jupiter has no surface, the base of its atmosphere is usually considered to be the point at which atmospheric pressure is equal to 1 MPa (10 bar), or ten times surface pressure on Earth |
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Term
| Solar System: Atmospheres: Saturn |
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Definition
| The outer atmosphere of contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium. Trace amounts of ammonia, acetylene, ethane, propane, phosphine and methane have been detected. |
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Term
| Solar System: Olympus Mons |
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Definition
| a large shield volcano on the planet Mars. By one measure, it has a height of nearly 22 km. Olympus Mons stands almost three times as tall as Mount Everest's height above sea level |
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Term
| Solar System: White Dwarf |
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Definition
| a stellar remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. They are very dense; a white dwarf's mass is comparable to that of the Sun, and its volume is comparable to that of the Earth |
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Term
| Solar System: Meteoroid/Meteorite/Meteor |
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Definition
A meteor is the flash of light that we see in the night sky when a small chunk of interplanetary debris burns up as it passes through our atmosphere.
The debris is called a meteoroid. If any part of a meteoroid survives the fall through the atmosphere and lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite |
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Term
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Definition
| a pure substance consisting of one type of atom, they are divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. (Periodic Table) |
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Term
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Definition
| a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. They are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids. |
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Term
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Definition
| make a group of chemical elements with similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another |
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Term
| Terms: Convection Currents |
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Definition
Occur within:
• the geosphere – plate tectonics
•the atmosphere - wind
•the hydrosphere - ocean currents |
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Term
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Definition
unit of distance. It is the distance that light can travel in one year.
1 light year = 9.4605284 × 1015 meters |
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Term
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Definition
| a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit |
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Term
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Definition
a crystalline form of aluminium oxide
with traces of iron, titanium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral |
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Term
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Definition
| type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Radio waves have frequencies from 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, and corresponding wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 100 kilometers (62 mi). Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays |
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Term
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Definition
| the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. |
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Term
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Definition
| measures how acidic or basic a substance is. It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of oxygen becomes 1 molecule of compound-water |
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Term
| Current Events: Important Events: Occupy Wall Street |
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Definition
| The main issues were social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and perceived influence of corporations on government. (Financial sector) The protesters were forced out of Zuccotti Park on November 15, 2011. After several unsuccessful attempts to re-occupy the original location, protesters turned their focus to occupying banks, corporate headquarters, board meetings, foreclosed homes, and college and university campuses. |
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Term
| Current Events: Important Events: Detroit |
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Definition
| The state governor declared a financial emergency in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history.[19] It was declared bankrupt by Judge Steven W. Rhodes of the Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan on December 3, who cited its $18.5 billion debt and declared that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were unfeasible |
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Term
| Current Events: Places: Ferguson, Missouri |
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Definition
| On Saturday, August 9, 2014, an unarmed 18-year-old male, Michael Brown, was fatally shot by Darren Wilson, a Ferguson police officer.[11][12] The incident sparked protests and acts of vandalism in Ferguson as well as worldwide calls for an investigation into the incident |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Prime Minister Canada |
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Definition
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Term
| Current Events: People: US President |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Current Events: People: US Vice President |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Current Events: People: US Ambassador Libya 2012 |
|
Definition
| Chris Stevens, killed in Benghazi attack |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Nelson Mandela |
|
Definition
| Died December 2013. Served as South Africa President. Served 27 years in prison, love of humanity, won Nobel Peace Prize |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Pope Francis |
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Definition
| pope of the Catholic Church, in which capacity he is Bishop of Rome and absolute Sovereign of the Vatican City State, took over in 2013 |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Osama bin Laden |
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Definition
| On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Diane Nyad |
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Definition
| an American author, journalist, motivational speaker, and long-distance swimmer. She gained national attention in 1975 when she swam around Manhattan (28 mi) and in 1979 when she swam from North Bimini, The Bahamas, to Juno Beach, Florida (102 mi). In 2013, on her fifth attempt and at age 64, she became the first person confirmed to swim from Cuba to Florida without the aid of a shark cage. |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Private Bradley Manning |
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Definition
| Army private convicted of leaking hundreds of thousands of classified documents to the website WikiLeaks, was sentenced to 35 years in a military prison |
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Term
| Current Events: People: George Zimmerman |
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Definition
| an American known for fatally shooting Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012, in Sanford, Florida. On July 13, 2013, his trial for second-degree murder and manslaughter ended in acquittal |
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Term
| Current Events: People: Jacob Lew |
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Definition
| 76th and current United States Secretary of the Treasury |
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Term
|
Definition
| Because of its high mortality rate, it is also listed as a select agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health |
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Term
Economic Systems:
Socialistic Countries |
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Definition
Government owns major corporations. Denmark
Finland
Netherlands
Canada
Sweden
Norway
Ireland
New Zealand
Belgium |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Communistic Countries |
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Definition
| a system of government where all the property is public and the government owns and controls the manufacturing and transportation industries. China, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam. |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Capitalistic Countries |
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Definition
| All industry is privately owned. USA, Japan, Israel |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Marxism |
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Definition
| the political, economic, and social theories of Karl Marx including the belief that the struggle between social classes is a major force in history and that there should eventually be a society in which there are no classes |
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Term
| Economic Factors: Monopoly |
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Definition
| exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity (then the company can raise the price) |
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Term
| Economic Terms: Raw Materials |
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Definition
| basic material used in the production of goods, finished products or intermediate materials that are themselves feedstock for finished products |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Feudalism |
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Definition
| Medieval Europe: it was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Nationalization |
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Definition
| the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state |
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Term
|
Definition
Indicators of bust include banks extending less credit
from lower domestic consumption activities and resulting unemployment
from fewer investments made
from less demand for imports causing companies in developing countries to have trouble paying their loans |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Foreign Exchange Rate |
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Definition
| the rate one currency will be exchanged for another |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Deficit |
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Definition
| an excess of expenditure or liabilities over income or assets in a given period |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Investment |
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Definition
| putting money into an asset with the expectation of capital appreciation, dividends, and/or interest earnings |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Net Profit |
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Definition
| the difference between the purchase price and the costs of bringing to market |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Capital Gains |
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Definition
| a profit that results from a disposition of a capital asset, such as stock, bond or real estate, where the amount realized on the disposition exceeds the purchase price. The gain is the difference between a higher selling price and a lower purchase price |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Sales Tax |
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Definition
| a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow (or require) the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Money Slang Terms |
|
Definition
| often derive from the appearance and features of banknotes or coins, their values, historical associations or the units of currency concerned. Within a single language community some of the slang terms vary across social, ethnic, economic, and geographic strata, but others have become the dominant way of referring to the currency and are regarded as mainstream, acceptable language (e.g., "buck" for a dollar |
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Term
|
Definition
| is used by employers to determine the amount of tax withholding to deduct from employees' wages |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Guarantee |
|
Definition
| A formal pledge to pay another person's debt or to perform another person's obligation in the case of default |
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Term
| Economic Systems: Simple Interest |
|
Definition
| Calculated only on the principal amount, or on that portion of the principal amount that remains. |
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Term
| US Geography: Locations and Names: Alamo |
|
Definition
| located in the Rio Grade Valley what is nicknamed the "Land of Two Summers," is a town known as "The Refuge to the Valley" in the irrigated area of southern Hidalgo County, Texas. This town was incorporated in 1924, and it was named for the abundance of Alamo Cottenwood trees that grew on the land that was owned by the Alamo Land and Sugar Company |
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Term
| US Geography: Locations and Names: Leper Colony |
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Definition
| Although leprosy, or Hansen's Disease, was never an epidemic in The United States, cases of leprosy have been reported in Louisiana as early as the 18th century. The first leprosarium in the United States existed in Carville, Louisiana from 1894-1999 and Baton Rouge, Louisiana is the home of the only institution in the United States that is exclusively devoted to leprosy consulting, research, and training |
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Term
| US Geography: Locations and Names: Alaska Islands |
|
Definition
| Approximately 2,670 named islands help to make this the largest state in the United States |
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Term
| US Geography: Locations and Names: Louisiana Purchase |
|
Definition
| was the acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana. The U.S. paid a total sum of 15 million dollars (around 4 cents per acre) |
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Term
| US Geography: Locations and Names: Delmarva Peninsula |
|
Definition
| a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States, occupied by most of Delaware and portions of Maryland and Virginia. The peninsula is 170 miles (274 km) long. In width, it ranges from 70 miles (113 km) near its center, to 12 miles (19 km) at the isthmus on its northern edge, to less near its southern tip. It is bordered by the Chesapeake Bay on the west, the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Elk River and its isthmus on the north. |
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Term
| US Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Snake River |
|
Definition
| a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest in the US. At 1,078 miles long, it is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean. Rising in western Wyoming, the river flows through the Snake River Plain then rugged Hells Canyon and the rolling Palouse Hills to reach its mouth at the Tri-Cities of the state of Washington. Its drainage basin encompasses parts of 6 US states. The average discharge is over 54,000 cubic feet per sec. |
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Term
| US Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Lake Champlain |
|
Definition
| is a natural freshwater lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the Canada-United States border in the Canadian province of Quebec |
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Term
| US Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Rio Grande |
|
Definition
| a river that flows from south central Colorado in the United States to the Gulf of Mexico. Along the way it forms part of the Mexico–United States border. 4th or 5th longest river in North America |
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Term
| US Geography: States: New Jersey Capital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US Geography: States: Settled by Dutch |
|
Definition
| New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, Deleware |
|
|
Term
| US Geography: States: Former Independent Countries |
|
Definition
| Florida, Texas, California |
|
|
Term
| US Geography: US States Locations: Oregon |
|
Definition
| is a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It is bordered on its west by the Pacific Ocean, north by Washington, south by California, east by Idaho, and southeast by Nevada. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary, the Snake River largely its eastern. |
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Term
| US Geography: US States Locations: Louisiana |
|
Definition
| is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. |
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Term
| US Geography: US States Locations: Missouri |
|
Definition
| The geography is highly varied. The northern part of the state lies in dissected till plains while the southern part lies in the Ozark Mountains (a dissected plateau), with the Missouri River dividing the two. The state lies at the intersection of the three greatest rivers of North America, with the confluence of the MS. and Missouri Rivers near St. Louis, and the confluence of the Ohio River with the MS. north of the Bootheel. Starting points for the Pony Express, Santa Fe Trail, and Oregon Trail. |
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Term
| US History: American Colonization: Rhode Island |
|
Definition
| The first of the original Thirteen Colonies to declare independence from British rule, declaring itself independent on May 4, 1776, two months before any other colony. The state was also the last of the thirteen original colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. |
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Term
| US History: Civil War: Surrender |
|
Definition
| Appomattox Court house. Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9, 1865. |
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Term
| US History: Civil War: Lincoln Assassination |
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Definition
| on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, while attending the play, Our American Cousin, at Ford's Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close, shot by John Wilkes Booth |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Dred Scott |
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Definition
| an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Ronald Reagan |
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Definition
| "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" "I want you to know also I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience.”(To Mondale at a debate) "There you go again." (to Carter in a debate)"If you're explaining, you're losing.""A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his.""I hope you're all Republicans." (to surgeons after his assassination attempt) |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Thomas Jefferson |
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Definition
| “On matters of style, swim with the current, on matters of principle, stand like a rock.” |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Neil Armstrong |
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Definition
| "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Alexander Graham Bell |
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Definition
“Mr. Watson — Come here — I want to see you.
[First intelligible words spoken over the telephone]” |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: John Wiles Booth |
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Definition
| "Sic semper tyranus." (Thus always to tyrants). Spoken after he killed President Lincoln. |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Patrick Henry |
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Definition
| "Give me liberty or give me death!" Referring to the Revolutionary War. |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Thomas Edison |
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Definition
| Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration. |
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Term
| US History: People and Quotes: Joseph Hazelwood |
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Definition
| Captain of Exxon Valdez during 1989 oil spill. |
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Term
| US History: Terms: NASA Rover 2003 |
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Definition
| Robots named Spirit and Opportunity found evidence of salt water on Mars. |
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Term
| US History: Terms: Hurricane Katrina |
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Definition
| 2005 Category 5 hurricane which hit the city of New Orleans. The storm, combined with the failure of levees surrounding Lake Pontchartrain, led to widespread flooding. |
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Term
| US History: Terms: Tuskegee Institute |
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Definition
| private, historically black university located in Tuskegee, Alabama, USA; established by Booker T. Washington. Founded 1881. |
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Term
| US History: Terms: Shakers |
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Definition
| The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing. Religious sect founded in the 18th century in England, having branched off from the Quakers. They were known as "Shaking Quakers" because of their ecstatic behavior during worship. In 1747 women assumed leadership, including Jane Wardley and Mother Ann Lee. Settled in New York. Known for their celibate and communal lifestyle, pacifism, and equality of the sexes. |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Executive Branch: U.S. Cabinet |
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Definition
| Officers appointed by the President to advise him/her. They are in the Presidential line of succession, starting with the Secretary of State (#4, behind the vice President, Speaker of the House, and President of the Senate.) |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Legislative Branch: Steps of a Bill |
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Definition
| 1. Representatives write bills. Sponsored by a representative, introduced to the House. The bill goes to committee, who then reports to the House. Then the bill is debated and voted on. It is then sent to the Senate, who votes on the bill. If approved, it is sent to the President to be signed into law. |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Legislative Branch: Filibuster |
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Definition
| parliamentary procedure where debate is extended to block the bill. |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 1 |
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Definition
| Freedom of Religion, Press, Speech, Assembly, Petition |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 2 |
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Definition
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 3 |
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Definition
| Right to not have to quarter Soldiers and seizures |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 4 |
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Definition
| Right to be free from un-reasonable searches and seizures |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 5 |
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Definition
| Right to grand jury indictment, no double jeopardy, freedom from self-incrimination, due process of law |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 6 |
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Definition
| Right to be in-formed of charges be present when wit-nesses speak in court, to call defense witnesses, to have a lawyer |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 8 |
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Definition
| Freedom from Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 13 |
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Definition
| Abolition of slavery Outlawed |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 14 |
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Definition
| Right to be free from discrimination in states to have due process of law, to have equal protection of the law |
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 15 |
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Definition
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Term
U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution:
Amendment 19 |
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Definition
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Term
| U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution: Article 5 |
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Definition
| The process whereby the Constitution may be altered. |
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Term
| U.S. Law: U.S. Constitution: Last State to Ratify |
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Definition
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Bill of Sale |
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Definition
| Legal document made by a 'seller' to a purchaser, reporting that on a specific date, at a specific locality, and for a particular sum of money or other "value received", the seller sold to the purchaser a specific item of personal, or parcel of real, property of which he had lawful possession. |
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Term
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Definition
| an act of giving money or gift giving that alters the behavior of the recipient |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Extradition |
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Definition
| official process whereby one country transfers a suspected or convicted criminal to another country |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Enumerated Powers |
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Definition
| Found in Article 1 Section 8 of The Constitution. Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to explicit restrictions in the Bill of Rights and other protections in the Constitution |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Kleptomania |
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Definition
| Inability to refrain from stealing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stealing. The unauthorized taking and removal of the Personal Property of another by an individual who intends to permanently deprive the owner of it; a crime against the right of possession. |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Primaries |
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Definition
| An election that narrows the field of candidates before the final election. |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Pro Bono |
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Definition
| Legal work done without charging the client. |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Due Process |
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Definition
| legal requirement that the state must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person |
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Term
| U.S. Law: Terms: Search Warrant |
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Definition
| a court order issued by a magistrate, judge or Supreme Court official that authorizes law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate evidence if it is found |
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Term
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Definition
| a wrongful act or an infringement of a right (other than under contract) leading to civil legal liability. |
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Term
| World Geography: Animals: Great Tortoises |
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Definition
| Contrary to popular belief, tortoises are in fact turtles rather than part of a separate group. Like most turtles, tortoises are shielded from predators by a shell. The top part of the shell is the carapace, the underside is the plastron, and the two are connected by the bridge. The carapace is fused to both the vertebrae and ribcage, and turtles are unique among vertebrates in that the pectoral and pelvic girdles are inside, rather than outside, the ribcage. Tortoises can vary in size from a few centimeters to two meters. They are usually diurnal animals with tendencies to be crepuscular depending on the ambient temperatures. They are generally reclusive animals.They have lived up to 150 years. |
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Term
| World Geography: Continents: Australia |
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Definition
| A country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. |
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Term
| World Geography: Continents: Antarctica |
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Definition
| Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. The fifth-largest continent in area. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. |
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Term
| World Geography: Countries: Peru |
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Definition
| a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river. |
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Term
| World Geography: Countries: Turkey |
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Definition
| is a contiguous transcontinental parliamentary republic, with its smaller part in Southeastern Europe and its larger part in Western Asia. Turkey is bordered by eight countries. |
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Term
| World Geography: Countries: Brazil |
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Definition
| the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population.[9] It is the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world, and the only one in the Americas. |
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Term
| World Geography: Countries: France |
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Definition
| The 42nd largest country in the world but the largest country in Western Europe and the European Union (EU), and the third-largest in Europe as a whole. |
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Term
| World Geography: Countries: Canada |
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Definition
| a country in North America consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. At 9.98 million square kilometres in total, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries. |
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Term
| World Geography: Countries: Scandinavian Countries |
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Definition
| Denmark, Norway and Sweden |
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Term
| World Geography: Locations and Names: Ancient Troy |
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Definition
| Ilium, Turkey. Now called Hisarlik. South of the southwest end of the Dardanelles/Hellespont |
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Term
| World Geography: Locations and Names: Paris of the North |
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Definition
| Tromso (pronounced "Trumsa") in northern Norway. |
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Term
| World Geography: Locations and Names: The Eternal City |
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Definition
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Term
| World Geography: Locations and Names: Emerald Isle |
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Definition
| Ireland. First given by William Drennan in his poem "When Erin first rose". |
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Term
| World Geography: Locations and Names: The Holy City |
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Definition
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Term
| World Geography: Mountains and Ranges: Sierra Nevada |
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Definition
| Central California range. Includes Lake Tahoe and Yosemite National Park. |
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Term
| World Geography: Mountains and Ranges: Andes |
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Definition
| South American range. Ancestral home of the Incans civilization. Chile, Argentina. |
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Term
| World Geography: Mountains and Ranges: Sierra Madra Oriental |
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Definition
| Range in northeast Mexico. |
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Term
| World Geography: Mountains and Ranges: Mont Blanc |
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Definition
| Highest mountain in the Alps. Peak is in Italy, but some of the mountain is in France. |
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Term
| World Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Nile River |
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Definition
| Major north-flowing river in northern Africa. Considered the longest river in the world at 4180 miles. Flows into the Mediterranean Sea. |
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Term
| World Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Amazon River |
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Definition
| River in South America. Largest river by volume, second largest river in the world at 4171 miles. |
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Term
| World Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Yangtze River |
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Definition
| Chinese river. Longest river in Asia and longest in the world. 3915 miles long. |
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Term
| World Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Mississippi River |
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Definition
| River within the United States. Longest river in North America, fourth largest in the world. |
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Term
| World Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Tiber River |
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Definition
| Third-longest river in Italy and the founding place of Rome. |
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Term
| World Geography: Rivers Seas and Oceans: Caribbean Sea |
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Definition
| Sea in the Atlantic Ocean bounded by the Yucatan Peninsula, Central America, South American, and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. |
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Term
| World Geography: Terms: Elevation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| World Geography: Terms: Lochs |
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Definition
| Irish or Scottish word for a lake or sea inlet. |
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Term
| World Geography: Terms: Mercator Map |
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Definition
| cylindrical map projection presented by the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for nautical purposes |
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Term
| World History: Explorers: Christopher Columbus |
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Definition
| 1450-1506. Tried to reach India by sailing west from Europe. Took 4 trips, claiming the islands of the Caribbean for the Spanish crown. |
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Term
| World History: Explorers: Francisco Coronado |
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Definition
| Spanish conquistador and explorer, who led a great expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542. Coronado had hoped to reach the mythical Seven Cities of Gold. His expedition discovered the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River. |
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Term
| World History: Events: Colonized Vietnam |
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Definition
| Colonized by the French 1874-1954. Ho Chi Minh, a Communist, organized resistance to the French in 1941. French were defeated 1954 at Dien Bien Phu. The country was divided into North and South Vietnam until the Americans left in 1975. |
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Term
| World History: Events: Sponsored Columbus |
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Definition
| Queen Isabella and Kind Ferdinand of Spain |
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Term
| World History: Events: Bay of Pigs |
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Definition
| failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group in 1961 to overthrow the Communist Fidel Castro. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Johann Gutenberg |
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Definition
| Inventor of the printing press |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Lord Horatio Nelson |
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Definition
| Defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, ending Napoleon's attempt to conquer England. Nelson was shot and killed during the battle. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Mayas |
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Definition
| Mesoamerican civilization in Central America that developed writing. Achieved its greatest heights about 250-900 A.D. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Aztecs |
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Definition
| a tribute empire based in Tenochtitlan, which extended its power throughout Mesoamerica in the late postclassic period. Originated in 1427 as a triple-alliance between the city-states Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan who allied to defeat the Tepanec state of Azcapotzalco, that had previously dominated the Basin of Mexico. Soon Texcoco and Tlacopan became junior partners in the alliance which was de facto led by the Mexica of Tenochtitlan. The empire extended its power by a combination of trade and military conquest. It controlled its client states primarily by installing friendly rulers in conquered cities. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Incas |
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Definition
| The largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Vladimir Ilnch (Lenin) |
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Definition
| a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as head of government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. Under his administration, the Russian Empire was replaced by the Soviet Union; all wealth including land, industry and business was nationalized. Based in Marxism, his political theories are known as Leninism |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Napoleon Bonaparte |
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Definition
| A French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Joseph Stalin |
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Definition
The leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.
He introduced the concept of "socialism in one country". Millions were imprisoned in labor camps. This led to the Soviet Famine. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Fidel Castro |
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Definition
| A Cuban communist politician and revolutionary who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008. |
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Term
| World History: Leaders and Figures: Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi |
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Definition
| The preeminent leader of Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. |
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Term
| World History: Places: Berlin Wall |
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Definition
A barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (1961)
Separated West Berlin from East Germany. The Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period |
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Term
| World History: Places: Mesopotamia |
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Definition
| from the Greek, meaning 'between two rivers’referred to the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers corresponding to today’s Iraq, mostly, but also parts of modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey |
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Term
| World History: Places Mir |
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Definition
| a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, owned by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft. |
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Term
| World History: Terms: Longbow |
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Definition
| effective use by the English and Welsh during the Hundred Years' War |
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Term
| World History: Terms: Machine Gun |
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Definition
| It would not be until the mid-19th century that successful machine-gun designs came into existence. The key characteristic of modern machine guns, their relatively high rate of fire and more importantly machine (automatic) loading, came with the Model 1862 Gatling gun, which was adopted by the United States Navy |
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Term
| World History: Terms: Radar |
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Definition
| Radar was secretly developed by several nations before and during World War II. The term RADAR was coined in 1940 by the United States Navy as an acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging |
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Term
| World History: Terms: A.D./B.C. |
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Definition
| B.C. does stand for “before Christ.” A.D. actually stands for the Latin phrase anno domini, which means “in the year of our Lord |
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Term
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Definition
| A word that shows another word's relationship. Ex: During, around, in, out, below |
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Term
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Definition
| A phrase that functions as an adverb. Ex: Keep hitting the gong until I tell you to stop. "Until I tell you to stop" is the clause. |
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Term
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Definition
| The word a pronoun replaces. Ex: "What does it mean?" "It" has no antecedent. "I told my mom she was crazy." The antecedent of "she" is "my mom." |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The exact words someone said. |
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Term
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Definition
| A word or phrase that renames another noun. Ex: My teacher, Ms. Froerer, is the best teacher in the world. Einstein, the greatest mind this world has ever seen, was a genius. |
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Term
|
Definition
| : Used to start or explain a list |
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Term
| Sentence Errors- Fragments |
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Definition
| A group of words with either no verb, no object, or no subject. Ex: I wanted. Because she said. |
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Term
| Sentence Errors- Adjective/Adverb Modifiers |
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Definition
| One modifies nouns, the other verbs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verb form ending in -ing, used as a verb. Ex: I like swimming. |
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Term
|
Definition
Present participle ends in -ing
Past participle is used with a form of the verb "to have." Ex: have sung, have run.
Participles can function as adjectives: crying baby, crouching tiger, hiding dragon |
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Term
|
Definition
| Original form of the verb, including the word "to." Ex: to be, to run, to hide |
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Term
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Definition
| Action verb (not "to be") that does not have a direct object. Ex: We arrived at the classroom. NOT We got a toy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Action verb that DOES have a direct object. Ex: I passed my student. |
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Term
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Definition
| the present (or infinitive), the past tense, the past participle, and the present participle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows something that started in the past. Ex: I have taken a vacation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of the verb that happened in the past. Ex: failed, passed, ran, scored, lost, won |
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Term
|
Definition
Ex: confusion -> confuse
Omission -> omit |
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Term
| Business Letters- Salutation |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Comparison not using "like" or "as." Ex: Ms. Froerer is a rock star! |
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Term
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Definition
| A reference to something without actually saying it. Ex:“Stop acting like my ex-husband please.” "That you were Romeo, you were throwing pebbles/and my daddy said 'Stay away from Juliet.'" |
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Term
|
Definition
| A word that sounds like what it describes. Ex: knock, cluck, bang, smash |
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Term
|
Definition
| Two words that have the same spelling but different meanings. Ex: minute and minute, present and present |
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Term
|
Definition
| Exaggeration to make a point. Ex: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Comparing two things. Ex: You are as annoying as nails on a chalkboard. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way. Ex: "Little strokes/Fell great oaks." - Benjamin Franklin "I mean the opposite of what I say./You've got it now? No, it's the other way." - Bruce Bennett, "Ironist" |
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Term
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Definition
| a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images. Ex: the picture of the stairs that are always going down |
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Term
|
Definition
| Poem with 14 lines. Rhyming scheme abab cdcd efef gg. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Poem with 14 lines. Rhyming scheme abbaabba cdecde |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long, serious narrative poem about a hero. Iliad and Odyssey, Dante's Divine Comedy, Beowulf |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diamond-shaped poems that use nouns, adjectives, and gerunds to describe either one central topic or two opposing topics (for example, night/day or winter/spring) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Described in "ABAB" format, in which the line's last word is described. Any lines that rhyme with line "A" are also given an "A," and so on. |
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Term
| US Postal Abbreviations- New Jersey |
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Definition
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|
Term
| US Postal Abbreviations- North Dakota |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| US Postal Abbreviations- Virginia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| US Postal Abbreviations- Connecticut |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| US Postal Abbreviations- Minnesota |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| annual publication that includes information such as weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and tabular information often arranged according to the calendar. Astronomical data and various statistics are found in almanacs, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, church festivals, and so on. |
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Term
|
Definition
| essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic and "one of the twentieth century's major poets."[1] He was born in St. Louis, Missouri to an old Yankee family. However he emigrated to England in 1914 (at age 25) and was naturalised as a British subject in 1927 at age 39. Wrote poems on cats and "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland. pioneer of the Romantic movement. 25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796 |
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Term
| Elizabeth Barrett Browning |
|
Definition
| (6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era. Married poet Robert Browning, after which her father disinherited her. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Author of Huck Finn, Tom Sawyer |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Character who could spin straw into gold. Agreed to do so for a girl, but she owed him her firstborn unless she could guess his name in three tries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Written by Mark Twain about a boy who teams up with a runaway slave, Jim. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Supercomputer built in 1982 and the fastest computer in the world until 1985. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nicknamed "Scout," she was the protagonist in Harper Lee's novel "To Kill a Mockingbird." |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dorothy's dog in "Wizard of Oz." |
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Term
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Definition
| Book by Christopher Paul Curtis about a black orphan who travels to find his father. He finds his grandfather and learns to play the trumpet. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Series by JRR Tolkien about a hobbit tasked with taking a magic ring to be destroyed. A Christian allegory. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Series of books by C.S. Lewis that are Christian allegories. |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1855 epic poem about a Native American. By Henry Longfellow. |
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Term
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| Book by Louise Erdrich about a Native American boy. 1999 |
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| Novel by Charles Dickens in which Scrooge is taught the true meaning of Christmas by the ghosts of Christmas past, present, and future. |
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| Book by Taslima Nasrin about fighting between Muslims and Hindus in India 1997 |
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| Book by Andrew Heller about a friendship between a black and a white boy |
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| The Blind Men and the Elephant |
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| Story that shows how perspective is important. One blind man feels an elephant's trunk and thinks an elephant is like a snake. Another feels its body and thinks it is solid like a wall. |
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| Oh! The Places You'll Go, |
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| Children's book by Dr. Suess |
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| Twin brothers in Greek mythology. Their mother was Leda. Castor's father was a human and Pollux's father was Zeus. When Castor was killed they became a constellation, Gemini. |
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| Roman god of desire. Son of goddess of love Venus. |
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| Winged stallion ridden by Bellerophon. |
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| Roman god of the underworld. Weapon: two-pronged fork |
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| More than one person owns something. Ex: boys' desks, teachers' papers, students' assignments, children's songs. |
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| It's means it is. Its means something belonging to "it." Ex: Its fur is white, its leg is broken, it's too bad. |
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| add "ed" to the end of words ending in this sound. |
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| observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as I, at, he, if, of, or, etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters |
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We double the final letter when a one-syllable verb ends in
consonant + vowel + consonant |
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| Analogies- Judicious: Judgment |
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| Analogies- Insuperable: Overcome |
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| Analogies- Instigate: Riot |
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| Analogies- Intrepid: fear |
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| Greek and Latin Roots & Words- Vive |
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| Superlative Forms of Adjectives |
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| ends in -est or includes "most." "most beautiful" or "smartest" |
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| Spoken mid-5th century (400s) to mid-12th century (1100s) in England. |
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